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2012 | Buch

A Service-Oriented Approach for Holonic Manufacturing Control and Beyond Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing Control

herausgegeben von: Theodor Borangiu, André Thomas, Damien Trentesaux

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Studies in Computational Intelligence

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

Service orientation is emerging nowadays at multiple organizational levels in enterprise business, and it leverages technology in response to the growing need for greater business integration, flexibility and agility of manufacturing enterprises.

The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) analysed throughout the book represents a technical architecture, a business modelling concept, a type of infrastructure, an integration source and a new way of viewing units of automation within the enterprise. The primary goal of SOA is to align the business world with the world of information technology in a way that makes both more effective.

The service value creation model at enterprise level consists of using a Service Component Architecture for business process applications, based on entities which handle services. In this view a service is a piece of software encapsulating the business/control logic or resource functionality of an enterprise entity that exhibits an individual competence and responds to a specific request to fulfil a local (operation) or global objective (batch production). The value creation model is based on a 2-stage approach:

• Agentification: complex manufacturing processes are split in services provided by informational agents which are discovered, accessed and executed. This leads to a modular, reusable, agile and easy integrate integration.

• Holonification: holons link the material flow and physical entities of the manufacturing processes with the informational part (IT services realized by distributed intelligence) facilitating thus traceability the developing of flexible control systems.

This book gathers contributions from scientists, researchers and industrialists on concepts, methods, frameworks and implementing issues addressing trends in the service orientation of control technology and management applied to manufacturing enterprise.

This book gathers contributions from scientists, researchers and industrialists on concepts, methods, frameworks and implementing issues addressing trends in the service orientation of control technology and management applied to manufacturing enterprise.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
A Service-Oriented Approach for Holonic Manufacturing Control and Beyond
Abstract
The Holonic Manufacturing Execution System (HMES), developed at K.U.Leuven, utilizes a service-oriented approach to control manufacturing operations in real time. This chapter first explains how manufacturing control emerges from interaction between intelligent products and intelligent resources. Services play a key role in this interaction and form a decoupling point between the generic control system and application-specific elements. To illustrate that this service-oriented approach allows applying the same concepts and principles to various domains, several applications in manufacturing, open-air engineering, robotics and logistics are described. Finally, the chapter describes how supporting services, such as maintenance, can be seamlessly integrated with the core activities of the system.
Jan Van Belle, Johan Philips, Osman Ali, Bart Saint Germain, Hendrik Van Brussel, Paul Valckenaers
Service Oriented Control Framework for a Holonic System Characterized by a Guided Flow of Entities
Abstract
The chapter presents a new concept of systems characterized by a flow of active entities which run on a guided network. After the general characterization (nature, mobility, service) of an entity, the three basic components of the system are described: active and non active entity and active generalised entity, elements which are structured and implemented as holons. With the three types of basic holons and with the generic services offered by them, the structural and dynamic models are formed. The framework is extended with the behavioural model consisting of the planning, scheduling, routing and execution of the operations. The control framework is completed with the implementation architecture based on intelligent embedded devices and a multi-agent programming environment for rapid configuration and integration.
Theodor Borangiu, Silviu Raileanu, Octavian Stocklosa, Christian Tahon, Thierry Berger, Damien Trentesaux
The Augmentation Concept: How to Make a Product “Active” during Its Life Cycle
Abstract
The recent developments in infotronics and communication allow the development of “intelligent” products. This chapter proposes the concept of “activeness” and a modelling approach to increase a system’s informational, communicational and decisional capacities in a distributed architecture. The “activeness” concept is then applied in two case studies. The first concerns the “product-driven” control of a real manufacturing cell. The second is related to the advanced diagnosis of complex systems in a railway application. Our results have allowed the origins of some of the defects to be found more easily and quickly than the traditional approaches.
Yves Sallez
Engineering Hierarchical Complex Systems: An Agent-Based Approach. The Case of Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Abstract
This chapter introduces a formal model to specify, model and validate hierarchical complex systems described at different levels of analysis. It relies on concepts that have been developed in the multi-agent-based simulation (MABS) literature: level, influence and reaction. One application of such model is the specification of hierarchical complex systems, in which decisional capacities are dynamically adapted at each level with respect to the emergences/constraints paradigm. In the conclusion, we discuss the main perspective of this work: the definition of a generic meta-model for holonic multi-agent systems (HMAS).
Gildas Morvan, Daniel Dupont, Jean-Baptiste Soyez, Rochdi Merzouki
HAPBA – A Holonic Adaptive Plan-Based Architecture
Abstract
This contribution reveals how the planning and coordination processes in Holonic Manufacturing Execution Systems entail the need of a centralized component, under the form of a staff holon. By using appropriate models (both monochrome and coloured Petri nets) and certain aspects of planning techniques in Artificial Intelligence, a PROSA based implementation is considered. In the obtained holonic scheme, named HAPBA, the solution of the manufacturing goals is attained by holons’ cooperation, according to an enhanced form of the Contract Net Protocol, so that certain drawbacks that are possible to appear in a holonic approach are avoided. Theoretical and experimental arguments are supporting the proposed solution.
Doru Panescu, Carlos Pascal
Integrating Intelligent Robot Services in Holonic Manufacturing
Abstract
In the holonic manufacturing framework, production systems must process the orders, starting from the basic order submitted by the client, which gives the information only about the type of the products and the quantity (and maybe the delivery date). In order to obtain the final product(s) which has been ordered, the production system must decompose each order into a set of operations based on the capability of the production system. Each entity (in this case robots) can execute a set of operations – offer a service (object assembly, part inspection, etc.), based on its attributes (execution speed, working envelope, dexterity, etc.) and resources (tools magazine, raw materials, components for assembly, vision system, network connectivity, etc.) The chapter presents a case study for intelligent robot services in holonic manufacturing and is focused on how to create an automated system which is capable to decompose the initial order in sets of operations based on the services which the robots can offer, transform the operations into robot programs and offer high availability services.
Florin Daniel Anton, Theodor Borangiu, Silvia Anton, Marco Ceccarelli, Giuseppe Carbone
Key Factors for Information Dissemination on Communicating Products and Fixed Databases
Abstract
Integration of intelligent products carrying their own information is more and more present nowadays. In recent years, some authors argued on the usage of such products for the Supply Chain Management Industry. Indeed, a multitude of informational vectors take place in such environments like fixed databases or manufactured products on which one is able to embed significant proportion of data. By considering distributed database systems, one can allocate specific data fragments to the product in order to manage its own evolution. The chapter aims at analyzing the Supply Chain performance according to different strategies of information distribution between manufactured products and fixed databases. The purpose is to determine the key factors which lead to improve information distribution performance in term of time properties.
Sylvain Kubler, William Derigent, André Thomas, Éric Rondeau
A Load Balancing Algorithm for Multi-agent Systems
Abstract
Multi-agent societies are often used in manufacturing systems and other large-scale distributed systems. These systems often need an efficient task redistribution strategy in case of component faults or load variations. This chapter presents a simple, algorithmic approach for such a strategy, requiring low processing and communications resources.
Iulia Ştefan, George Moiş, Szilárd Enyedi, Liviu Miclea
A Holonic Approach to Myopic Behavior Correction for the Allocation Process in Flexible-Job Shops Using Recursiveness
Abstract
This chapter’s main interest is the myopic behaviour inherent to holonic control architectures. Myopic behaviour is the lack of coherence among local decision-making and system’s global goals. So far, holonic architectures use mediator entities to overcome this issue, bringing the holonic paradigms more toward hierarchy than heterarchy. Instead, this chapter explores the recursiveness characteristic of holonic manufacturing systems (HMS) as a possible way to correct myopic behaviour, by distributing decision-making over adjunct entities. The chapter explains our approach and its agent-based implementation for solving the allocation problem in a flexible job-shop. Results from simulations are compared with a mixed-integer linear program to determine its efficiency in terms of makespan and execution time. Preliminary results encourage further research in this area.
Gabriel Zambrano Rey, Nassima Aissani, Abdelghani Bekrar, Damien Trentesaux
Integrating e-IMS Platform via Interoperability within Collaborative Enterprises
Abstract
Current R&D directions sustained by the European Commission and by FP7 and in the near future by FP8 research programs, are focusing on the development and standardization of new technologies to sustain the “Future Internet”. In this context the development of new Internet-related concepts and technologies oriented towards providing positive benefits for economy has been included in a broad concept of “Future Internet Based Enterprise Systems”. The Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS) paradigms are leading our Information Society towards New Economy-driven Knowledge Society copying with Global e-Markets new list of System of Systems requirements. The Complex, Adaptive Non-monolithic Dynamic Systems (CADS) has been defined as oriented on Virtual Enterprise (VE) architecture, as well as involved in cross-enterprise methodology like Life Long Product/Service/Organization Management (LPM/PSO) and Business Intelligence (BI). Interoperating efficiently, both horizontally and vertically, is a basic requirement towards the aim of Systemic Integration within Collaborative Concurrent Competitive Enterprises.
Aurelian Mihai Stanescu, Mihnea Alexandru Moisescu, Ioan Stefan Sacala, George Burlacu
Dynamic Bayesian Network for Decision Aided Disassembly Planning
Abstract
Disassembly processes of used manufactured products are subject to uncertainties. The optimal disassembly level that minimizes the costs of these processes and maximizes the end of life components values is hard to establish. In this work, we propose a method to find influences and causalities between the main disassembly performance indicators in order to decide the optimal disassembly policy. The proposed model highlights the temporal dependencies between variables of the system and is validated using the Bayesia Lab software. In the final part of the chapter, the results of method implementation on a reference case study are presented in order to demonstrate the performance of our approach.
Luminita Duta, Sidali Ad Douche
Service Oriented Architecture for Holonic Isoarchic and Multicriteria Control
Abstract
Faced with the limitations of methods fully or partially centralized for decision-making in workshop control, the PROSIS (Product, Resource, Order, Simulation, Isoarchic System) model is proposed; this model is based on the holonic paradigm and operates according to an isoarchic architecture that allows these holonic entities to use ambient services. All holonic entities contribute to the decision-making mechanism. Each holonic entity can be considered as the combination of an M_holon composed with the physical part of Holon, with an I_holon, adding to it intelligence and decision-making abilities. Each I_holon is synchronized with its M_holon via infotronic technology of RFID type. Furthermore, it supports the status information of the Holon and access to services allowing it to take decisions. The I_holon is hosted by an Ambient Control Entity (ACE) network, located, according to SOA, close to each resource. The ACEs provide to the Holons the ad hoc services they need.
Yves Dubromelle, Fouzia Ounnar, Patrick Pujo
Viable System Model Approach for Holonic Product Driven Manufacturing Systems
Abstract
The chapter presents a generic framework for a Product Driven Control Systems (PDCS) dealing with production planning and control. The framework is based on Viable System Model (VSM) which is introduced for intelligent manufacturing systems. Based on suitable properties as autonomy, self-organization and adaptability, VSM allows modelling and considering these properties for PDCS. An application for a Manufacturing Planning and Control System (MPCS) is proposed. Different points of view are also presented based on this application which are shown and explained in the sense of VSM principles. Finally, a discussion is presented dealing with the main issues of the proposed approach.
Carlos Herrera, Sana Belmokhtar Berraf, André Thomas
Speech to Head Gesture Mapping in Multimodal Human-Robot Interaction
Abstract
In human-human interaction, para-verbal and non-verbal communication are naturally aligned and synchronized. The difficulty encountered during the coordination between speech and head gestures concerns the conveyed meaning, the way of performing the gesture with respect to speech characteristics, their relative temporal arrangement, and their coordinated organization in a phrasal structure of utterance. In this research, we focus on the mechanism of mapping head gestures and speech prosodic characteristics in a natural human-robot interaction. Prosody patterns and head gestures are aligned separately as a parallel multi-stream HMM model. The mapping between speech and head gestures is based on Coupled Hidden Markov Models (CHMMs), which could be seen as a collection of HMMs, one for the video stream and one for the audio stream. Experimental results with Nao robots are reported.
Amir Aly, Adriana Tapus
Myopia of Service Oriented Manufacturing Systems: Benefits of Data Centralization with a Discrete-Event Observer
Abstract
Service orientation paradigm is particularly well adapted to distributed manufacturing systems. The difficulty of such systems’ production activity control deals with knowledge management. Indeed, the knowledge is distributed among each entity which is able to create, modify or communicate with other entities. An entity cannot have a full up-to-date access to all the system’s data. At shop floor level, a convenient way to implement service-oriented manufacturing systems is to rely on the paradigm of Holonic Manufacturing Systems. The chapter introduces the possibility of specializing a resource holon in order to gather data from the whole holarchy and make these data available to any holon for a decision making. This holon is thus playing the role of a discrete-event observer. Upon positioning the service-oriented architectures, the HMS reference architecture PROSA is described, especially in terms of decision making. After decisions were defined, the problem of online decision making in a HMS is described, and an implementing solution for the observer and the forecasting tools in the architecture is exposed. Finally, two applications are presented, based on an industrial job-shop.
Olivier Cardin, Pierre Castagna
A Multi-agent Model for Job-Shop Scheduling
Abstract
The chapter is devoted to a multi-agent solution for the job-shop scheduling problem and its current migration to a service oriented platform. The co-ordination mechanism for the agent population and the Decision Control Petri Nets formalism for the behaviour modelling at agent level are introduced. In the framework provided by the Generic Prototyping Approach, the chapter presents the overall orientation of the manufacturing shop control system and identifies the generic prototypes devoted to decision support for resource allocation and activity monitoring at the shop floor level. The design specifications for the job-shop scheduling particular prototype developed according to the multi-agent paradigm are further detailed. Finally, in the context of building up a Grid computing platform for workflow oriented applications, the feasibility of the service oriented implementation of this particular prototype is evaluated.
Gabriel Neagu
Services for Competitive and Sustainable Manufacturing in the Smart Grid
Abstract
With the growing emphasis on the triple bottom line of people, planet and profits, innovative services will be enablers and drivers of growth of next generation of manufacturing enterprises that are competitive and sustainable. This chapter presents a desiderata for such services for architecting highly distributed intelligent operation of manufacturing enterprises consisting of production processes, lighting and HVAC systems, renewable energy systems, and energy storage systems to cooperatively achieve load control, implicitly thereby emission management, in real-time. Such distributed architectures will leverage emerging developments in service oriented architectures and in interoperability standards for the smart grid. Research challenges for engineering such systems include understanding their dynamics, ensuring responsiveness, and ensuring humanistic process automation. The work extends recent developments in intelligent product-driven production for combining distributed production scheduling and power consumption scheduling. Preliminary results of an analysis and simulation of the distributed system dynamics are also presented.
Vittaldas V. Prabhu
Different Approaches Regarding the Operational Control of Production in a Flexible Manufacturing Cell
Abstract
The chapter describes several modern solutions for controlling a complex manufacturing cell, consisting of conveyors, robots, stoppers and other devices, using one programmable logical controller (PLC). The objective was to design a control system for a Holonic Planned Manufacturing System running into an Intelligent Production Cell. In order to achieve this goal, each product processed in the manufacturing cell has to be identified and its own routing / workstation jobs schedule needs to be implemented without interfering with other products. Two solutions were implemented, one using an offline planner that calculates the necessary data for processing products on pallets and the other using Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) attached to the pallets that can take decisions by themselves in real time. A special array of data structures was used to easily access and manage the pallets processed at the four robotized stations of the cell.
Nick Andrei Ivanescu, Mihai Parlea, Andrei Rosu
Using Hybrid Petri Nets for Performance Analysis in Manufacturing Systems
Abstract
The chapter presents a relatively new way of modelling manufacturing systems using an extension of Petri nets formalism – Hybrid Petri nets. The formalism allows a macroscopic analysis of manufacturing systems evolution, presenting the evolution tendencies. For a better understanding, an analysis algorithm and a case study are presented.
Calin Munteanu, Simona Caramihai, Mihnea Alexandru Moisescu, Ioan Stefan Sacala
A JADE Environment for Product Driven Automation of Holonic Manufacturing
Abstract
This chapter presents a system control frame for implementing the switch between three different production strategies, each with its own planning objective (e.g. makespan, resource load) and perturbation avoidance capabilities. In order to implement such a system, Intelligent Products that possess computing and decision taking abilities are used, the system model and class diagram being presented for all the system agents that are implemented using the JADE Environment.
Silviu Raileanu, Mihai Parlea, Theodor Borangiu, Octavian Stocklosa
Physical Internet Enabled Open Hub Network Design for Distributed Networked Operations
Abstract
Supply networks are still mainly based on organizations essentially centralized, dedicated and thus fragmented, whose sustainability becomes ever more problematic nowadays. The recently introduced Physical Internet tackles this problem by interconnecting all the logistics services through the encapsulation of the goods in smart modular containers. Within this framework, network adaptation with distributed routing problems take the lead over classical network design with flow assignment problems. Thanks to recent progresses made in the Digital Internet domain, decentralized approaches are foreseen to be applied for solving those problems on the large scale mandated by the Physical Internet. This leads us to propose here an evolutionist approach to solve the Physical Internet open hub network design problem. We model the problem, formally introduce the design approach, analyze empirical results and provide conclusion remarks and opportunities for further research.
Eric Ballot, Olivier Gobet, Benoit Montreuil
Volunteer Based Search Engine for Holonic Manufacturing Services
Abstract
This chapter presents a framework for intelligent search of web services that expose the offer request management functionality for intelligent manufacturing systems. Currently research is being done in the area of Semantic Web Service discovery, which involves a search engine that indexes WSDL files, and UDDI repositories. A novel concept of volunteer based search is introduced, in which the search criteria is passed to the manufacturing system, to allow a self-assessment against the search criteria. This volunteer based approach is specifically designed for the cases in which the search engine cannot compare the search criteria against the target service, so it cannot determine the matching. The chapter presents the architecture and design of the web service provided by the manufacturing system and of a web service search engine implementing the volunteer based search concept. Some specific issues arising from this search approach are discussed, such as time available to decide and respond to an offer and offer invalidation. A locking mechanism helping to overcome this issue is given. The chapter also presents the advantages of integration of the manufacturing system with SOA and BPEL processes.
Cristina Morariu, Octavian Morariu, Theodor Borangiu
Impact of Information Technology on the Quality of Health Services
Abstract
The chapter offers a report on the impact of health information technology on quality of services, work efficiency and related costs of healthcare. The major benefits on quality of health services are considered to be the increased adequacy to standard based care procedures, improved surveillance and decreased medication errors. The key solution to improve the quality of the health services is considered to be the implementation of the Service-oriented Interoperability Paradigm for specifying and standardizing medical services. The chapter demonstrates that Health Level Seven (HL7) specification fits in the context of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) that support enterprise distributed processing. The dynamic model of SOA Interoperability Paradigm and its compatibility with the Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) are then analyzed, in order to ensure interoperability between applications based on the HL7 Version 3 Standard. Finally the architecture of a system that implements the principles of the HSSP/HL7 SOA methodology and its specific objectives are presented.
Radu Dobrescu, Victor Purcarea
Competency Management System for IT Project-Oriented Organizations
Abstract
The chapter presents a competency based system, developed for an IT project-oriented organization, during the implementation of a conventional Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) system. The proposed solution is an ontology-based extension of the Human Resources module. Two competence ontologies, one for each relevant profession in the organization are parts of the ontological extension. Even if the proposed solution is based on a loose coupling between the knowledge base and the ERP system, it provides added value for ERP systems, expanding their ability to support all levels of management decision, but especially the executive ones. It is a practical and inexpensive approach for integration the semantic or knowledge oriented applications with the data-oriented or legacy systems.
Constanta-Nicoleta Bodea, Robert Buchmann
Knowledge-Based Adaptive Machining Concept for Service Oriented Architectures
Abstract
This chapter presents a new architecture for intelligent CNC machining in the context of a service-oriented manufacturing system involving material processing and robotized assembly operations. The proposed approach is a knowledge-based adaptive machining concept (KBAMC), which encompasses four modules: management, observation, prediction and strategy.
Alexandru Dumitrache, Theodor Borangiu, Sylvain Pateloup, Grigore Gogu
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing Control
herausgegeben von
Theodor Borangiu
André Thomas
Damien Trentesaux
Copyright-Jahr
2012
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-27449-7
Print ISBN
978-3-642-27448-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27449-7

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