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2013 | Buch

Neuroelectrical Brain Imaging Tools for the Study of the Efficacy of TV Advertising Stimuli and their Application to Neuromarketing

verfasst von: Giovanni Vecchiato, Patrizia Cherubino, Arianna Trettel, Fabio Babiloni

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Biosystems & Biorobotics

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Über dieses Buch

In this book the authors describe their original research on the potential of both standard and high-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) for analyzing brain activity in response to TV advertising. When engineering techniques, neuroscience concepts and marketing stimuli converge in one research field, known as neuromarketing, various theoretical and practical aspects need to be considered. The book introduces and discusses those aspects in detail, while showing several experiments performed by the authors during their attempts to measure both the cognitive activity and emotional involvement of the test subjects. In these experiments, the authors apply simultaneous EEG, galvanic skin response and heart rate monitoring, and show how significant variations of these variables can be associated with attention to, memorization or enjoyment of the presented stimuli. In particular, this book shows the central role of statistical analysis in recovering significant information on the scalp and cortical areas involved, along with variations of activity in the autonomous nervous system. From an economic and marketing perspective, the aim of this work is to promote a better understanding of how mass consumer advertising of (established) brands affects brain systems. From a neuroscience perspective, the broader goal is to provide a better understanding of both the neural mechanisms underlying the impact of affect and cognition on memory, and the neural correlates of choice and decision-making.

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
How Marketing Meets Neuroscience
Abstract
The issue of how we make, and should make, decisions and judgments made think philosophers for hundreds of years and kept alive some disciplines such as philosophy and some branches of psychology. A recent approach, known as neuroeconomy, suggested to merge some ideas and scientific discoveries coming from psychology, neuroscience and economy fields as an attempt to accurately specify the models of decision-making of human mind.
Giovanni Vecchiato, Patrizia Cherubino, Arianna Trettel, Fabio Babiloni
Methodology of a Typical “Neuromarketing” Experiment
Abstract
The present Chapter illustrates the scenario of a series of neuromarketing experiments we performed in the last years to investigate the EEG cerebral activations correlated with memorization, attention and emotional processing of individuals while watching TV commercials. A large space to the basics knowledge of the high resolution EEG technology is provided. Specifically, we show how it is possible to enhance the spatial resolution of the EEG by solving the related linear inverse problem in order to obtain an estimation of the cortical sources. In addition, the theory we used to perform the spectral statistical analysis is also presented along with a direct example on fake data.
Giovanni Vecchiato, Patrizia Cherubino, Arianna Trettel, Fabio Babiloni
The Track of the Electric and the Magnetic Brain Activity
Abstract
The most popular brain imaging method adopted in the neuromarketing field is the functional Magnetic Resonance Image (fMRI), a techniques that returns a sequence of images of the cerebral activity by means of the measure of the cerebral blood flow. Although such as images are “static”, i.e. they are related to around ten seconds activity, they have a high spatial resolution that no other neuroimaging method can offer. Nowadays, fMRI scanners are currently used in the neuromarketing field and in literature there exist some scientific studies showing the activation of particular cerebral areas during the tasting of a couple of popular drinks such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi (McClure et al., 2004).
Giovanni Vecchiato, Patrizia Cherubino, Arianna Trettel, Fabio Babiloni
Cortical Correlates of Cognitive and Emotional Processes
Abstract
In the present Chapter we are going to illustrate the details of an experiment which helped us in understanding the cortical correlates of cognitive and emotional processes during the observation of TV commercials. Particularly, we investigated the cerebral activity of fifteen healthy subjects by gathering and analysing the EEG, GSR and HR activity while they were watching a documentary intermingled with a series of advertisements.
Giovanni Vecchiato, Patrizia Cherubino, Arianna Trettel, Fabio Babiloni
Cerebral Indexes of the Experienced Pleasantness
Abstract
Nowadays, researchers are attempting to investigate the signs of the brain activity correlated with an increase of emotional involvement during the observation of commercial advertisements (Langleben et al., 2009; Vecchiato et al., 2010b). In fact, indirect variables of emotional processing could be gathered by tracking variations of the activity of specific anatomical structures linked to the emotional processing activity in humans, such as the pre- and frontal cortex (PFC and FC respectively; (Davidson and Irwin, 1999)). The PFC region is structurally and functionally heterogeneous but its role in the generation of the emotions is well recognized (Davidson, 2002).
Giovanni Vecchiato, Patrizia Cherubino, Arianna Trettel, Fabio Babiloni
Patterns of Cortical Activity Related to Public Service Announcements and Commercial Advertisements
Abstract
The purpose of this Chapter is to illustrate the potential of the high resolution EEG techniques when applied to the analysis of brain activity related to the observation of TV commercials and Public Service Announcements (PSAs) to localize cerebral areas mostly involved. In particular, we want to describe how, by using appropriate statistical analysis, it is possible to recover significant information about cortical areas engaged by particular scenes inserted within the video clip analyzed. The brain activity was evaluated in frequency domain by solving the associate inverse problem of EEG with the use of realistic head models. Successively, the data analyzed were statistically treated by comparing their actual values to the average values estimated during the observation of the documentary.
Giovanni Vecchiato, Patrizia Cherubino, Arianna Trettel, Fabio Babiloni
Cultural Similarities and Differences in Advertising between Western and Eastern Consumers
Abstract
Advertisings related to the fruition of carbonated beverages are intensively presented on the usual TV programs worldwide. Such as advertisements are also present on journals, street posters, fast foods and supermarkets in a pervasive way and could have a deep impact on human behavior. Recent functional neuroimaging studies have begun to investigate how commercial brand information is processed in the brain (Frank, 2003; McClure et al., 2004; Deppe et al., 2005). Although the experimental designs vary, each of these studies report activity in ventral and/or medial prefrontal cortex during the contemplation or consumption of familiar brand-name products. Since lesion studies indicate ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPC) is critically involved in emotion, emotional regulation and decision-making (Koenigs et al., 2007), ventromedial prefrontal activations can be interpreted as evidence for emotion playing a pivotal role in brand preference (Frank, 2003; Deppe et al., 2005).
Giovanni Vecchiato, Patrizia Cherubino, Arianna Trettel, Fabio Babiloni
The Added Value for the Evaluation of Marketing Stimuli
Abstract
The aim of this Chapter is to show how it is possible to extract cerebral indexes which are able to describe memorization, attention and pleasantness processes running during the observation of ads. In particular, we show the existing linear correlation between the memorization index and the explicit report of subjects enrolled in the experiment. In addition, we also illustrate that the increase of cerebral variables of interest occurs in short time intervals. This information could be used by marketers in order to insert in this specific time slots the message to promote to people (Vecchiato et al., 2012d).
Giovanni Vecchiato, Patrizia Cherubino, Arianna Trettel, Fabio Babiloni
Application to Real Cases
Abstract
In this chapter, an example of the practical application of the previously discussed neuroelectrical imaging indexes is provided for the evaluation of a commercial advertisement before its TV launch on air. The aim is to describe which kind of additional information the analysis of cerebral signal could bring to the industry in this area of research.
Giovanni Vecchiato, Patrizia Cherubino, Arianna Trettel, Fabio Babiloni
The Next Frontier in Neuroimaging Methodologies: Assessing the Functional Connections between Cortical Areas
Abstract
In the previous chapters it has been described the methodological approaches useful for the analysis of neurophysiological data provided by the EEG recordings related to marketing stimuli. Such approaches involved essentially the estimation of the power spectrum of the EEG data in particular cortical locations, such as the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, estimated by using the solution of the electromagnetic linear inverse problem (as described in the chapter 2). In addition, statistical analysis of the resulting cortical estimated distributions have also illustrated in order to get robust results from the undergoing EEG “noise” (e.g. EEG activity not related to the observation of marketing stimuli).
Giovanni Vecchiato, Patrizia Cherubino, Arianna Trettel, Fabio Babiloni
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Neuroelectrical Brain Imaging Tools for the Study of the Efficacy of TV Advertising Stimuli and their Application to Neuromarketing
verfasst von
Giovanni Vecchiato
Patrizia Cherubino
Arianna Trettel
Fabio Babiloni
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-38064-8
Print ISBN
978-3-642-38063-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38064-8