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Erschienen in:
2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
Hidden Champions of Estonia
verfasst von : Rein Riisalu, Anu Leppiman
Erschienen in: Hidden Champions in CEE and Turkey
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Excerpt
Overview
Official name:
Republic of Estonia
Type of government:
Parliamentary Democratic Republic
Population in 2010:
1,340,161
Land area:
45,227 km2
History
Twelfth century
An administrative division had developed in which the ethnical borders of today’s Estonia can be recognized.
1208/1227
The invasion of German and Danish crusaders (the Christianization).
1227–1918
Estonia divided between German, Russian, Swedish, Danish, and Polish-Lithuanian rulers.
1918
(February 24th) Estonia declares its independence.
1918/1920
Estonian War of Independence: Soviet Russia against the Republic of Estonia.
1920
(February 2nd) Soviet Russia recognizes the Republic of Estonia (Tartu Peace Treaty)
1921
Leading countries in the world recognizes Estonia de jure; Estonia becomes a full member of the League of Nations.
1940
The Soviet Union occupies Estonia; a pro-Soviet puppet government is formed; Western countries do not recognize the changes carried out by force in the Baltic countries.
1941/1944
Invasion by Nazi Germany and the Red Army during WWII; reoccupation by the Soviet Union.
1980s
The Estonian independence movement (described as the Singing Revolution).
1991
(August 20th) The Estonian Supreme Soviet proclaims Estonian independence, thus restoring the Republic of Estonia; within a few years all countries in the world (including the former Soviet Union and Russia) recognize Estonian sovereignty.
2004
Estonia achieves full membership of NATO and joins the EU.
2011
(January 1st) Estonia adopts the single European currency, the Euro.