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Erschienen in:
2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
Hidden Champions of Latvia
verfasst von : Arnis Sauka
Erschienen in: Hidden Champions in CEE and Turkey
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Excerpt
Overview
Official name:
Republic of Latvia
Type of government:
Parliamentary Democratic Republic
Population in 2010:
2,058,184
Land area:
62,200 km2
History
1918
After the end of the First World War on November 18, 1918, Latvia is proclaimed an independent state for the first time in its history.
1920
Peace treaty signed with Russia. Some 200,000 refugees return to Latvia. The Latvian economy begins to grow, focusing mostly on the export of agricultural products.
1937
Latvia has repaid all its external debts and deposited 6 tons of gold in various banks in the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the United States, during its economic boom.
1940
(June 17th) Latvia is completely occupied by the Soviet Union. The “Sovietization” of Latvia (i.e. transformation of Latvia into a Soviet republic) begins.
1941
Holocaust on the territory of Latvia: some 70,000 Jews are murdered. Latvians are recruited in the army of the Soviet Union as well as the German SS legion. Some 200,000 Latvians perish on both sides.
1944/1945
Renewed Soviet occupation causes mass inflow of inhabitants from other republics of the Soviet Union to Latvia (i.e. mostly Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians).
1949
To prevent resistance from the local intelligentsia and workers in the rural areas to collectivism (establishment of the kolkhoz), a large deportation of Latvians is implemented in March, 1949, when 42,125 Latvians are shipped to Siberia and the Far East. Large factories are also constructed during this period. The chemical industry, machinery manufacturing, textiles, production of building materials, pharmaceuticals, electrical and electronic industries are all represented on the relatively small territory of Latvia. In addition to this, there is development in the agricultural sector.
1985
With the start of perestroika, the idea of independence becomes more popular in Latvia.
1991
(August 21) Latvia regains independence (Parliamentary Democratic Republic). The transition from socialism to a market economy starts with the implementation of various reforms, the collapse of most large factories, and a reorientation to a service economy.
1994
Bank crisis in Latvia.
1998
The Russian crisis hits the economy.
2001/2007
Years of rapid economic growth. Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia are labeled the “Baltic Tigers”.
2004
(March 27) Latvia joins NATO and the European Union.
2008
Latvia is hit hard by the world financial crisis.
2010
The recovery of the Latvian economy begins with a 3.3 % GDP growth forecast in 2011.