nach oben

Erschienen in:

2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

15. Recommending Refactoring Operations in Large Software Systems

verfasst von : Gabriele Bavota, Andrea De Lucia, Andrian Marcus, Rocco Oliveto

Erschienen in: Recommendation Systems in Software Engineering

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

During its lifecycle, the internal structure of a software system undergoes continuous modifications. These changes push away the source code from its original design, often reducing its quality. In such cases, refactoring techniques can be applied to improve the readability and reducing the complexity of source code, to improve the architecture and provide for better software extensibility. Despite its advantages, performing refactoring in large and nontrivial software systems might be very challenging. Thus, a lot of effort has been devoted to the definition of automatic or semi-automatic approaches to support developer during software refactoring. Many of the proposed techniques are for recommending refactoring operations. In this chapter, we present guidelines on how to build such recommendation systems and how to evaluate them. We also highlight some of the challenges that exist in the field, pointing toward future research directions.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Reuse-Oriented Code Recommendation Systems

Nächstes Kapitel Recommending Program Transformations

The main difference between code smells and anti-patterns is that a code smell represents something “probably wrong” in the code, while an anti-pattern is certainly a design problem in source code. In other words, a code smell might indicate an antipattern. As example, a Large Class (bad smell) is one of the symptoms of a Blob Class (antipattern).

Note that some of these approaches are also able to identify the design flaw besides suggesting how to solve it.

The only exception is represented by the approach proposed by Maruyama and Shima [44] that exploits historical information.

For more information on simulation techniques to evaluate recommendation systems, see Walker and Holmes [68] in Chap. 12.

Abadi, A., Ettinger, R., Feldman, Y.A.: Fine slicing for advanced method extraction. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Refactoring Tools (2009)

Abadi, A., Ettinger, R., Feldman, Y.A.: Fine slicing: theory and applications for computation extraction. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7212, pp. 471–485 (2012). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28872-2_32?

Abdeen, H., Ducasse, S., Sahraoui, H.A., Alloui, I.: Automatic package coupling and cycle minimization. In: Proceedings of the Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pp. 103–112 (2009). doi:10.1109/WCRE.2009.13

Abebe, S.L., Tonella, P.: Automated identifier completion and replacement. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, pp. 263–272 (2013). doi:10.1109/CSMR.2013.35

Atkinson, D.C., King, T.: Lightweight detection of program refactorings. In: Proceedings of the Asia–Pacific Software Engineering Conference, pp. 663–670 (2005). doi:10.1109/APSEC.2005.76

Baeza-Yates, R., Ribeiro-Neto, B.: Modern Information Retrieval. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1999)

Basili, V.R., Briand, L., Melo, W.L.: A validation of object-oriented design metrics as quality indicators. IEEE T. Software Eng. 22(10), 751–761 (1995). doi:10.1109/32.544352CrossRef

Bavota, G., De Carluccio, B., De Lucia, A., Di Penta, M., Oliveto, R., Strollo, O.: When does a refactoring induce bugs?: an empirical study. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation, pp. 104–113 (2012a). doi:10.1109/SCAM.2012.20

Bavota, G., De Lucia, A., Marcus, A., Oliveto, R.: Automating extract class refactoring: an improved method and its evaluation. Empir. Software Eng. (2013a, in press). doi:10.1007/s10664-013-9256-x

10.

Bavota, G., De Lucia, A., Marcus, A., Oliveto, R.: Using structural and semantic measures to improve software modularization. Empir. Software Eng. 18(5), 901–932 (2013b). doi:10.1007/s10664-012-9226-8?CrossRef

11.

Bavota, G., De Lucia, A., Marcus, A., Oliveto, R., Palomba, F.: Supporting extract class refactoring in Eclipse: the ARIES project. In: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 1419–1422 (2012b). doi:10.1109/ICSE.2012.6227233

12.

Bavota, G., De Lucia, A., Oliveto, R.: Identifying extract class refactoring opportunities using structural and semantic cohesion measures. J. Syst. Software 84(3), 397–414 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.918CrossRef

13.

Bavota, G., Dit, B., Oliveto, R., Di Penta, M., Poshyvanyk, D., De Lucia, A.: An empirical study on the developers’ perception of software coupling. In: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 692–701 (2013c). doi:10.1109/ICSE.2013.6606615

14.

Bavota, G., Gethers, M., Oliveto, R., Poshyvanyk, D., De Lucia, A.: Improving software modularization via automated analysis of latent topics and dependencies. ACM T. Software Eng. Meth. (2013d, in press)

15.

Beck, K., Andres, C.: Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (2004)

16.

Binkley, A.B., Schach, S.R.: Validation of the coupling dependency metric as a predictor of run-time failures and maintenance measures. In: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 452–455 (1998). doi:10.1109/ICSE.1998.671604

17.

Briand, L.C., Wuest, J., Lounis, H.: Using coupling measurement for impact analysis in object-oriented systems. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, pp. 475–482 (1999a). doi:10.1109/ICSM.1999.792645

18.

Briand, L.C., Wüst, J., Ikonomovski, S.V., Lounis, H.: Investigating quality factors in object-oriented designs: an industrial case study. In: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 345–354 (1999b). doi:10.1145/302405.302654

19.

Brown, W.J., Malveau, R.C., Brown, W.H., McCormick III, H.W., Mowbray, T.J.: Anti Patterns: Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in Crisis. Wiley, New York (1998)

20.

Chang, J., Blei, D.M.: Hierarchical relational models for document networks. Ann. Appl. Stat. 4(1), 124–150 (2010). doi:10.1214/09-AOAS309CrossRefMATHMathSciNet

21.

Chidamber, S.R., Kemerer, C.F.: A metrics suite for object oriented design. IEEE T. Software Eng. 20(6), 476–493 (1994). doi:10.1109/32.295895CrossRef

22.

Das, A.S., Datar, M., Garg, A., Rajaram, S.: Google news personalization: scalable online collaborative filtering. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on the World Wide Web, pp. 271–280 (2007). doi:10.1145/1242572.1242610

23.

Deerwester, S., Dumais, S., Furnas, G., Landauer, T., Harshman, R.: Indexing by latent semantic analysis. J. Am. Soc. Inform. Sci. 41(6), 391–407 (1990). doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199009)41:6⟨391::AID-ASI1⟩3.0.CO;2-9CrossRef

24.

Du Bois, B., Demeyer, S., Verelst, J.: Refactoring: improving coupling and cohesion of existing code. In: Proceedings of the Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, pp. 144–151 (2004). doi:10.1109/WCRE.2004.33

25.

Fokaefs, M., Tsantalis, N., Chatzigeorgiou, A., Sander, J.: Decomposing object-oriented class modules using an agglomerative clustering technique. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, pp. 93–101 (2009)

26.

Fokaefs, M., Tsantalis, N., Stroulia, E., Chatzigeorgiou, A.: Identification and application of extract class refactorings in object-oriented systems. J. Syst. Software 85(10), 2241–2260 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.jss.2012.04.013CrossRef

27.

Fowler, M.: Refactoring: improving the design of existing code. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1999)

28.

Gui, G., Scott, P.D.: Coupling and cohesion measures for evaluation of component reusability. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Mining Software Repositories, pp. 18–21 (2006). doi:10.1145/1137983.1137989

29.

Gyimóthy, T., Ferenc, R., Siket, I.: Empirical validation of object-oriented metrics on open source software for fault prediction. IEEE T. Software Eng. 31(10), 897–910 (2005). doi:10.1109/TSE.2005.112CrossRef

30.

Harman, M., Hierons, R.M., Proctor, M.: A new representation and crossover operator for search-based optimization of software modularization. In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp. 1351–1358 (2002)

31.

Hartigan, J.A.: Clustering Algorithms. Wiley, New York (1975)MATH

32.

Kerievsky, J.: Refactoring to Patterns. Pearson, London (2004)

33.

Khomh, F., Vaucher, S., Guéhéneuc, Y.G., Sahraoui, H.: BDTEX: a GQM-based Bayesian approach for the detection of antipatterns. J. Syst. Software 84(4), 559–572 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.921CrossRef

34.

Kim, M., Zimmermann, T., Nagappan, N.: A field study of refactoring challenges and benefits. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering, pp. 50:1–50:11 (2012). doi:10.1145/2393596.2393655

35.

Lanza, M., Marinescu, R.: Object-Oriented Metrics in Practice: Using Software Metrics to Characterize, Evaluate, and Improve the Design of Object-Oriented Systems. Springer, Berlin (2006). doi:10.1007/3-540-39538-5

36.

Lawrie, D., Morrell, C., Feild, H., Binkley, D.: Effective identifier names for comprehension and memory. Innov. Syst. Software Eng. 3(4), 303–318 (2007). doi:10.1007/s11334-007-0031-2?CrossRef

37.

Lee, Y.S., Liang, B.S., Wu, S.F., Wang, F.J.: Measuring the coupling and cohesion of an object-oriented program based on information flow. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Quality, pp. 81–90 (1995)

38.

Li, W., Henry, S.: Maintenance metrics for the object oriented paradigm. In: Proceedings of the International Software Metrics Symposium, pp. 52–60 (1993). doi:10.1109/METRIC.1993.263801

39.

Liu, Y., Poshyvanyk, D., Ferenc, R., Gyimóthy, T., Chrisochoides, N.: Modeling class cohesion as mixtures of latent topics. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, pp. 233–242 (2009). doi:10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306318

40.

Mancoridis, S., Mitchell, B.S., Rorres, C., Chen, Y.F., Gansner, E.R.: Using automatic clustering to produce high-level system organizations of source code. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehenension, pp. 45–52 (1998). doi:10.1109/WPC.1998.693283

41.

Marcus, A., Poshyvanyk, D., Ferenc, R.: Using the conceptual cohesion of classes for fault prediction in object-oriented systems. IEEE T. Software Eng. 34(2), 287–300 (2008). doi:10.1109/TSE.2007.70768CrossRef

42.

Marinescu, R.: Detection strategies: metrics-based rules for detecting design flaws. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, pp. 350–359 (2004). doi:10.1109/ICSM.2004.1357820

43.

Martin, R.C. (ed.): Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2009)

44.

Maruyama, K., Shima, K.: Automatic method refactoring using weighted dependence graphs. In: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 236–245 (1999). doi:10.1145/302405.302627

45.

Mens, T., Tourwe, T.: A survey of software refactoring. IEEE T. Software Eng. 30(2), 126–139 (2004). doi:10.1109/TSE.2004.1265817CrossRef

46.

Mens, T., Van Eetvelde, N., Demeyer, S., Janssens, D.: Formalizing refactorings with graph transformations. J. Software Maint. Evol. R. 17(4), 247–276 (2005). doi:10.1002/smr.316CrossRef

47.

Mitchell, B.S., Mancoridis, S.: On the automatic modularization of software systems using the Bunch tool. IEEE T. Software Eng. 32(3), 193–208 (2006). doi:10.1109/TSE.2006.31CrossRef

48.

Moha, N., Guéhéneuc, Y.G., Duchien, L., Le Meur, A.F.: DECOR: a method for the specification and detection of code and design smells. IEEE T. Software Eng. 36(1), 20–36 (2010). doi:10.1109/TSE.2009.50CrossRef

49.

Murphy-Hill, E., Parnin, C., Black, A.P.: How we refactor, and how we know it. IEEE T. Software Eng. 38(1), 5–18 (2011). doi:10.1109/TSE.2011.41CrossRef

50.

Nierstrasz, O., Ducasse, S., Demeyer, S.: Object-Oriented Reengineering Patterns. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2003)MATH

51.

O’Keeffe, M., Ó Cinnéide, M.: Search-based software maintenance. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, pp. 249–260 (2006). doi:10.1109/CSMR.2006.49

52.

Oliveto, R., Gethers, M., Bavota, G., Poshyvanyk, D., De Lucia, A.: Identifying method friendships to remove the feature envy bad smell. In: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, pp. 820–823 (2011). doi:10.1145/1985793.1985913

53.

Oppenheim, A.N.: Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement. Pinter, New York(1992)

54.

Overbey, J.L., Johnson, R.E.: Differential precondition checking: a lightweight, reusable analysis for refactoring tools. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, pp. 303–312 (2011). doi:10.1109/ASE.2011.6100067

55.

Poshyvanyk, D., Marcus, A., Ferenc, R., Gyimóthy, T.: Using information retrieval based coupling measures for impact analysis. Empir. Software Eng. 14(1), 5–32 (2009). doi:10.1007/s10664-008-9088-2?CrossRef

56.

Praditwong, K., Harman, M., Yao, X.: Software module clustering as a multi-objective search problem. IEEE T. Software Eng. 37(2), 264–282 (2011). doi:10.1109/TSE.2010.26CrossRef

57.

Prete, K., Rachatasumrit, N., Sudan, N., Kim, M.: Template-based reconstruction of complex refactorings. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, pp. 1–10 (2010). doi:10.1109/ICSM.2010.5609577

58.

Rao, A.A., Reddy, K.N.: Detecting bad smells in object oriented design using design change propagation probability matrix. In: Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists. Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science, pp. 1001–1007 (2008)

59.

Reichenbach, C., Coughlin, D., Diwan, A.: Program metamorphosis. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5653, pp. 394–418 (2009). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03013-0_18

60.

Rousseeuw, P.J.: Silhouettes: a graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 20, 53–65 (1987). doi:10.1016/0377-0427(87)90125-7CrossRefMATH

61.

Schäfer, M., Verbaere, M., Ekman, T., de Moor, O.: Stepping stones over the refactoring Rubicon. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5653, pp. 369–393 (2009). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03013-0_17

62.

Seng, O., Stammel, J., Burkhart, D.: Search-based determination of refactorings for improving the class structure of object-oriented systems. In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp. 1909–1916 (2006). doi:10.1145/1143997.1144315

63.

Simon, F., Steinbrückner, F., Lewerentz, C.: Metrics based refactoring. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, pp. 30–38 (2001). doi:10.1109/.2001.914965

64.

Thulasiraman, K., Swamy, M.N.S.: Graphs: Theory and Algorithms. Wiley, New York (1992)CrossRefMATH

65.

Travassos, G., Shull, F., Fredericks, M., Basili, V.R.: Detecting defects in object-oriented designs: using reading techniques to increase software quality. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications, pp. 47–56 (1999). doi:10.1145/320384.320389

66.

Tsantalis, N., Chatzigeorgiou, A.: Identification of move method refactoring opportunities. IEEE T. Software Eng. 35, 347–367 (2009). doi:10.1109/TSE.2009.1CrossRef

67.

Tsantalis, N., Chatzigeorgiou, A.: Identification of extract method refactoring opportunities for the decomposition of methods. J. Syst. Software 84(10), 1757–1782 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.jss.2011.05.016CrossRef

68.

Walker, R.J., Holmes, R.: Simulation: a methodology to evaluate recommendation systems in software engineering. In: Robillard, M., Maalej, W., Walker, R.J., Zimmermann, T. (eds.) Recommendation Systems in Software Engineering, Springer, Heidelberg, Chap. 12 (2014)

69.

Weiser, M.: Program slicing. IEEE T. Software Eng. 10(4), 352–357 (1984). doi:10.1109/TSE.1984.5010248CrossRefMATH

70.

Wen, Z., Tzerpos, V.: An effectiveness measure for software clustering algorithms. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehenension, pp. 194–203 (2004). doi:10.1109/WPC.2004.1311061

71.

Wu, J., Hassan, A.E., Holt, R.C.: Comparison of clustering algorithms in the context of software evolution. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, pp. 525–535 (2005). doi:10.1109/ICSM.2005.31

Titel: Recommending Refactoring Operations in Large Software Systems
verfasst von: Gabriele Bavota
Andrea De Lucia
Andrian Marcus
Rocco Oliveto
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Recommendation Systems in Software Engineering
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-45134-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-642-45135-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45135-5_15

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Premium Partner