2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
Privacy-Free Garbled Circuits with Applications to Efficient Zero-Knowledge
verfasst von : Tore Kasper Frederiksen, Jesper Buus Nielsen, Claudio Orlandi
Erschienen in: Advances in Cryptology - EUROCRYPT 2015
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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In the last few years garbled circuits (GC) have been elevated from being merely a component in Yao’s protocol for secure two-party computation, to a cryptographic primitive in its own right, following the growing number of applications that use GCs. Zero-Knowledge (ZK) protocols is one of these examples: In a recent paper Jawurek
et al.
[
JKO13
] showed that GCs can be used to construct efficient ZK proofs for unstructured languages. In this work we show that due to the property of this particular scenario (i.e., one of the parties knows all the secret input bits, and therefore all intermediate values in the computation), we can construct more efficient garbling schemes specifically tailored to this goal. As a highlight of our result, in one of our constructions only
one ciphertext
per gate needs to be communicated and XOR gates never require any cryptographic operations. In addition to making a step forward towards more practical ZK, we believe that our contribution is also interesting from a conceptual point of view: in the terminology of Bellare
et al.
[
BHR12
] our garbling schemes achieve authenticity, but no privacy nor obliviousness, therefore representing the first
natural
separation between those notions.