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Erschienen in:
A Simpler Variant of Universally Composable Security for Standard Multiparty Computation Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2015 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Constant-Round MPC with Fairness and Guarantee of Output Delivery

verfasst von : S. Dov Gordon, Feng-Hao Liu, Elaine Shi

Erschienen in: Advances in Cryptology -- CRYPTO 2015

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

We study the round complexity of multiparty computation with fairness and guaranteed output delivery, assuming existence of an honest majority. We demonstrate a new lower bound and a matching upper bound. Our lower bound rules out any two-round fair protocols in the standalone model, even when the parties are given access to a common reference string (CRS). The lower bound follows by a reduction to the impossibility result of virtual black box obfuscation of arbitrary circuits.
Then we demonstrate a three-round protocol with guarantee of output delivery, which in general is harder than achieving fairness (since the latter allows the adversary to force a fair abort). We develop a new construction of a threshold fully homomorphic encryption scheme, with a new property that we call “flexible” ciphertexts. Roughly, our threshold encryption scheme allows parties to adapt flexible ciphertexts to the public keys of the non-aborting parties, which provides a way of handling aborts without adding any communication.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Concurrent Secure Computation with Optimal Query Complexity
Nächstes Kapitel Statistical Concurrent Non-malleable Zero-Knowledge from One-Way Functions
Fußnoten
1
For more restricted corruption settings, we do know how to construct 2-round protocols. See related work for more discussions.
 
2
An authenticated broadcast channel enables a party to send a message to all other parties, ensuring that each party knows both the identity of the sender and that all other parties have received the same message.
 
3
Indistinguishable obfuscation for general circuits is a stronger assumption. We know that indistinguishable obfuscation for general circuits implies witness encryption for general NP statements, but the other way is unclear.
 
4
Our lower bound holds even when the eavesdropper only listens to some channels.
 
5
Although we allow the eavesdropping adversary to corrupt two private channels at once, we do not allow it to corrupt the parties themselves, so we do still maintain an honest majority. However, there is still room to consider a weaker model where the eavesdropper can only listen to a single channel.
 
6
We describe the definition of VBB obfuscation in the full version of this paper [14].
 
7
Our setting of parameters is slightly different from that of the work [12], so our parameters in the lemma are slightly different. The analysis is essentially identical.
 
8
Basically, a semi-malicious attacker is one whose behavior follows the protocol with some input and randomness he must know. Protocols that achieve such security can be upgraded to malicious security without adding a coin flipping round (c.f. Sect. 5). See the full version of this paper [14] for further details about the notion and its advantage.
 
9
In the semi-malicious setting, this can be easily implemented by reliable public point-to-point channels, where an eavesdropper can listen to the all channels but cannot modify the messages.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Constant-Round MPC with Fairness and Guarantee of Output Delivery
verfasst von
S. Dov Gordon
Feng-Hao Liu
Elaine Shi
Copyright-Jahr
2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch
Advances in Cryptology -- CRYPTO 2015

Print ISBN: 978-3-662-47999-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-48000-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2015

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48000-7_4

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