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1993 | Buch

Fallacies of the Public Goods Theory and the Production of Security Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

The Economics and Ethics of Private Property

Studies in Political Economy and Philosophy

verfasst von: Hans-Hermann Hoppe

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Enthalten in: Professional Book Archive

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Über dieses Buch

The collapse of socialism across Eastern Europe - as manifested most dramatically by the events of the forever memorable November 9, 1989, when the Germans of East and West reunited, moved and overjoyed, on top of the Berlin Wall - has added more support and urgency to the central thesis of this volume than I had ever hoped for. Whether the following studies deal with economic topics, such as employment, interest, money, banking, business cycles, taxes, public goods, or growth; with philosophical problems as the foundations of know ledge, and of economics and ethics in particular; or the reconstruction and theoretical explanation of historical and sociological phenomena such as exploitation, the rise and fall of civilizations, international politics, war, imperialism, and the role of ideas and ideological movements in the course of social evolution - each ultimately contributes to but one conclusion: The right to private property is an indisputably valid, absolute principle of ethics and the basis for continuous 'optimal' economic progress. To rise from the ruins of socialism and overcome the stagnation of the Western welfare states, nothing will suffice but the uncompromizing privatization of all socialized, that is, government, property and the establishment of a contractual society based on the recognition of the absoluteness of private property rights. *** In writing the following studies I received help from many sides. Special thanks go to my wife Margaret, who again took on the task of de­ Germanizing my English; to Llewellyn H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Economics

Frontmatter
Chapter One. Fallacies of the Public Goods Theory and the Production of Security
Abstract
In 1849, at a time when classical liberalism was still the dominant ideological force and “economist” and “socialist” were generally — and rightly so — considered antonyms, Gustave de Molinari, a renowned Belgian economist, wrote, “If there is one well-established truth in political economy, it is this: That in all cases, of all commodities that serve to provide for the tangible or intangible need of the consumer, it is in the consumer’s best interest that labor and trade remain free, because the freedom of labor and trade have as their necessary and permanent result the maximum reduction of price. And this: That the interest of the consumer of any commodity whatsoever should always prevail over the interests of the producer. Now, in pursuing these principles, one arrives at this rigorous conclusion: That the production of security should in the interest of consumers of this intangible commodity remain subject to the law of free competition. Whence it follows: That no government should have the right to prevent another government from going into competition with it, or require consumers of security to come exclusively to it for this commodity.” 1 And he comments on this whole argument by saying, “Either this is logical and true, or else the principles on which economic science is based are invalid.”2
Hans-Hermann Hoppe
Chapter Two. The Economics and Sociology of Taxation
Abstract
As the title of the chapter indicates, I have set myself two goals. First, I want to explain the general economic effect of taxation. This part of the chapter represents a praxeological analysis of taxation and as such should not be expected to go much beyond what has already been said by other economists.
Hans-Hermann Hoppe
Chapter Three. Banking, Nation States and International Politics. A Sociological Reconstruction of the Present Economic Order
Abstract
In order to explain the emergence of barter nothing more than the assumption of a narrowly defined self-interest is required. If and insofar as man prefers more choices and goods to fewer, he will choose barter and division of labor over self-sufficiency.
Hans-Hermann Hoppe
Chapter Four. Marxist and Austrian Class Analysis
Abstract
Iwant to do the following in this chapter: First to present a series of theses that constitute the hard-core of the Marxist theory of history. I claim that all of them are essentially correct. Then I will show how these true theses are derived in Marxism from a false starting point. Finally, I want to demonstrate how Austrianism in the Mises-Rothbard tradition can give a correct but categorically different explanation of their validity.
Hans-Hermann Hoppe
Chapter Five. Theory of Employment, Money, Interest, and the Capitalist process. the misesian Case Against Keynes
Abstract
It is my goal to reconstruct some basic truths regarding the process of economic development, and the role played in it by employment, money, and interest. These truths neither originated with the Austrian school of economics, nor are they an integral part of this tradition of economic thinking alone. In fact, most of them were part and parcel of what is now called classical economics, and it was the recognition of their validity that uniquely distinguished the economist from the crackpot. Yet the Austrian school, in particular Ludwig v. Mises and, later, Murray N. Rothbard, has given the clearest and most complete presentation of these truths.1 Moreover, they have also presented their most rigorous defense by showing them to be ultimately deducible from basic, incontestable propositions (such as that man acts and knows what it means to act) so as to establish them as truths whose denial would not only be factually incorrect but, much more decisively, would amount to logical-praxeological contradictions and absurdities.2
Hans-Hermann Hoppe

Philosophy

Frontmatter
Chapter Six. On Praxeology and the Praxeological Foundation of Epistemology
Abstract
As have most great and innovative economists, Ludwig von Mises intensively and repeatedly analyzed the problem of the logical status of economic propositions, i.e., how we come to know them and how we validate them. Indeed, Mises ranks foremost among those who hold that such a concern is indispensable in order to achieve systematic progress in economics. For any misconception regarding the answer to such fundamental questions of one’s intellectual enterprise would have to lead to intellectual disaster, i.e., to false economic doctrines. Accordingly, three of Mises’s books are devoted entirely to clarifying the logical foundations of economics: His early Epistemological Problems of Economics, published in German in 1933; his Theory and History of 1957; and his Ultimate Foundations of Economic Science of 1962, Mises’s last book, appearing when he was already well past his eightieth birthday. And his works in the field of economics proper also invariably display the importance which Mises attached to the analysis of epistemological problems. Most characteristically, Human Action, his masterpiece, deals in its first hundred odd pages exclusively with such problems, and the other nearly 800 pages of the book are permeated with epistemological considerations.
Hans-Hermann Hoppe
Chapter 7. Is Research Based on Causal Scientific Principles Possible in the Social Sciences?
Abstract
The use of mathematical and statistical techniques is becoming more and more widespread in the social sciences. It is becoming all the more important, therefore, to demonstrate by a detailed description of these techniques that there are reasons to doubt their applicability in the field of the social sciences.
Hans-Hermann Hoppe
Chapter 8. From the Economics of Laissez Faire to the Ethics of Libertarianism
Abstract
Ludwig von Mises, without a doubt one of the most rigorous defenders in the history of economic thought of a social system of laissez faire unhampered by any governmental intervention, admits to two and only two deficiencies of a pure market system. While according to Mises it is generally true that a market economy produces the highest possible standard of living, this will not happen if any firm succeeds in securing monopoly prices for its goods. And the market cannot itself produce the goods of law and order. Law and order, or the protection of the legal framework underlying the market order, are rather considered by Mises, in current terminology, as “public goods,” whose production must be undertaken by the state, which is not itself subject to the discipline of the market, but instead relies on coercion, in particular on compulsory taxation.
Hans-Hermann Hoppe
Chapter Nine. The Justice of Economic Efficiency
Abstract
The central problem of political economy is how to organize society so as to promote the production of wealth. The central problem of political philosophy is how to arrange society so as to make it a just social order.
Hans-Hermann Hoppe
Chapter Ten. On the Ultimate Justification of the Ethics of Private Property
Abstract
Ludwig von Mises, in his masterpiece Human Action presents and explains the entire body of economic theory as implied in, and deducible from, one’s conceptual understanding of the meaning of action (plus that of a few general, explicitly introduced assumptions about the empirical reality in which action is taking place). He calls this conceptual knowledge the “axiom of action,” and he demonstrates in which sense the meaning of action from which economic theory sets out, i.e., of values, ends, and means, of choice, preference, profit, loss, and cost, must be considered a priori knowledge: it is not derived from sense impressions but from reflection (one does not see actions, but rather interprets certain physical phenomena as actions!); and, most importantly, it can not possibly be invalidated by any experience whatsoever, because any attempt to do so would already presuppose the existence of action and an actor’s understanding of the categories of action (experiencing something is, after all, itself an intentional action!).
Hans-Hermann Hoppe
Chapter Eleven. Austrian Rationalism in the Age of the Decline of Positivism
Abstract
Philosophical rationalism claims that man is capable of recognizing ultimate foundations and principles of knowledge; that all such knowledge is ultimately justified, or a priori valid, which must be presupposed insofar as one argues about any knowledge claim whatsoever — such as the law of contradiction — and which thus cannot be meaningfully disputed, because it is the precondition of meaningful doubt; and that man, based on the recognition of such ultimate truths, is capable of systematic scientific progress.
Hans-Hermann Hoppe
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
The Economics and Ethics of Private Property
verfasst von
Hans-Hermann Hoppe
Copyright-Jahr
1993
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Electronic ISBN
978-94-015-8155-4
Print ISBN
978-94-015-8157-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8155-4