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1983 | Buch

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Spatial Analysis of Interacting Economies

The Role of Entropy and Information Theory in Spatial Input-Output Modeling

verfasst von: David F. Batten

Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Enthalten in: Professional Book Archive

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6. 2 Basic Model Characteristics 185 6. 3 A Closed Model Approach to Interregional Estimation 189 7 Towards an Integrated System of Models for National and Regional Development 205 7. 1 Introduction 205 7. 2 In Search of a Framework for Integration 207 7. 3 National Development Scenarios 222 7. 4 The National-Regional Interlace 231 7. 5 Regional Development Scenarios 236 7. 6 Concluding Remarks 244 Appendixes 253 A Basic Microstate Descriptions 253 B Incomplete Prior Information: A Simple Example 257 C Computing Capital Coefficients and Turnpike Solutions: The DYNIO Package 259 D Minimizing Information Losses in Simple Aggregation: Two Test Problems 274 E Computing Interregional and Intersectoral Flows: 276 References 287 Index 305 vi LIST OF FIGURES 1. 1 A Three-Dimensional Guide to Later Chapters 12 2. 1 Historical Development of the Entropy Concept 32 2. 2 Selected Applications of Information Theory to Input-Output Analysis and Interaction Modelling 48 3. 1 The Bose-Einstein Analogy 58 5. 1 The Dog-Leg Input-Output Table 159 7. 1 A General Multilevel Social System 219 7. 2 The Hierarchical System of Models 219 7. 3 Choice of Production Techniques 230 7. 4 The National-Regional Interface 235 7. 5 A Sequential Compromise Procedure 243 7. 6 The Integrated Modelling System 246 vii LIST OF TABLES 3. 1 Production-Constrained Microstate Descriptions 59 3. 2 Production-Constrained Entropy Formulae 62 3. 3 Production-Constrained Solutions 65 3. 4 Doubly-Constrained Solutions 73 4. 1 The Static Input-Output Table 85 4.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

1. Introduction

Abstract

In post-war economics, a great deal of theoretical and empirical attention has been devoted to the subject of input-output analysis following the appearance of Leontief’s original national model.¹ There are several sound reasons for this. Firstly, input-output analysis is a theoretically simple technique for recognizing the interdependent nature of an economic system. By grouping the productive activities of firms into various industries or sectors, it is possible to describe the overall balance between the supply of, and the demand for, various products in terms of a simple set of linear equations.

David F. Batten

2. A Review of Entropy and Information Theory

Abstract

Despite its long history, which stretches back in excess of one hundred years, to many the term entropy still appears esoteric. In the early days of classical thermodynamics, perhaps it was; even though its original meaning was grounded in a bedrock of physical facts. But nowadays it is becoming increasingly popular in one field after another. To some extent, these more recent adaptations are related in a purely formal way to a simple algebraic formula which is the cloak under which entropy grows more familiar to an increasing number of social scientists.¹

David F. Batten

3. Probability Distributions for Commodity Flows

Abstract

In elementary statistical mechanics, the entropy of a physical system of particles can be determined statistically by counting the number of possible microstates which correspond to a given macrostate. Although all of the early microstate descriptions were based upon Boltzmann statistics, the advance of quantum mechanics focused attention on three other statistical forms, namely Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distributions. Each of these forms corresponds to a particular assumption about the manner in which microstates are grouped into macrostates.

David F. Batten

4. Non-Spatial Input-Output Analysis

Abstract

In Chapter 3, we analysed shipments of goods by considering each commodity in isolation. In this chapter, we shall link these commodity flows together by describing the economy as a system of interdependent activities being carried out by a number of mutually interrelated industries. The traditional method of describing these economic interdependencies is known as input-output analysis, and was developed initially for the American economy by Leontief.¹

David F. Batten

5. Intersectoral Flows in Space: Static Formulations

Abstract

Intraregional and interregional input-output models both represent spatial disaggregations of the standard Leontief model introduced in Chapter 4. Leontief’s original model was developed primarily for a national economy. A regional economy is, however, much more open or trade-oriented than its national counterpart. Interregional transactions therefore play a significant role in determining the structure of economic activity within any single region or system of regions.

David F. Batten

6. Intersectoral Flows in Space: Dynamic Formulations

Abstract

The static formulations discussed in Chapter 5 provide a useful introduction to the various approaches which facilitate the estimation of intersectoral flows over space. However, they do suffer from two major deficiencies. Firstly, their failure to distinguish between the individual components of final demand renders them incapable of estimating the gross intersectoral flows. Secondly, their inability to quantify the repercussions of regional and sectoral growth restricts their relevance to analyses in the short run. For medium- to long-term forecasting, the need for a dynamic model is obvious.

David F. Batten

7. Towards an Integrated System of Models for National and Regional Development

Abstract

In earlier chapters, we have been concerned predominantly with the estimation of intersectoral and interregional commodity flows from a limited database of industrial and multiregional information. Our main purpose has been to demonstrate a practical means by which the economic analyst can minimize his survey needs, which can be both extensive and expensive for intersectoral and interregional models.¹ However, such estimates of flow coefficients can also be used to analyse feasible paths of economic development over space and time. To demonstrate this important role is the task of this final chapter.

David F. Batten

Backmatter

Titel: Spatial Analysis of Interacting Economies
verfasst von: David F. Batten
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Electronic ISBN: 978-94-017-3040-2
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-3042-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3040-2

Springer Professional

Über dieses Buch

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

1. Introduction

2. A Review of Entropy and Information Theory

3. Probability Distributions for Commodity Flows

4. Non-Spatial Input-Output Analysis

5. Intersectoral Flows in Space: Static Formulations

6. Intersectoral Flows in Space: Dynamic Formulations

7. Towards an Integrated System of Models for National and Regional Development

Backmatter