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Erschienen in: Journal of Logic, Language and Information 3-4/2016

01.12.2016

Reflecting on Social Influence in Networks

verfasst von: Zoé Christoff, Jens Ulrik Hansen, Carlo Proietti

Erschienen in: Journal of Logic, Language and Information | Ausgabe 3-4/2016

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Abstract

In many social contexts, social influence seems to be inescapable: the behavior of others influences us to modify ours, and vice-versa. However, social psychology is full of examples of phenomena where individuals experience a discrepancy between their public behavior and their private opinion. This raises two central questions. First, how does an individual reason about the behavior of others and their private opinions in situations of social influence? And second, what are the laws of the resulting information dynamics? In this paper, we address these questions by introducing a formal framework for representing reasoning about an individual’s private opinions and public behavior under the dynamics of social influence in social networks. Moreover, we dig deeper into the involved information dynamics by modeling how individuals can learn about each other based on this reasoning. This compels us to introduce a new formal notion of reflective social influence. Finally, we initialize the work on proof theory and automated reasoning for our framework by introducing a sound and complete tableaux system for a fragment of our logic. Furthermore, this constitutes the first tableau system for the “Facebook logic” of J. Seligman, F. Liu, and P. Girard.

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Fußnoten
1
Models for diffusion of innovations (Granovetter 1978) or of creation of micro-cultures Axelrod (1997) are two among many important examples of the power of social network models in explaining complex social phenomena.
 
2
In line with the tradition in modal and epistemic logic we may also refer to such states as (possible) worlds.
 
3
In other words, we will define knowledge and uncertainty in the traditional S5 way of epistemic logic.
 
4
To avoid circular definitions, the set \(\mathcal {L}\) should be forbidden to have precondition formulas involving \([\mathcal {L}]\) itself. Nevertheless, we can allow formulas of \(\mathcal {L}_\mathcal {KDL}\) in \(\mathcal {L}\) constructed at an “earlier stage” in a simultaneous inductive definition of learning modalities and the language \(\mathcal {L}_\mathcal {KDL}\).
Similar restrictions will be imposed in the definition of \(\mathsf {DT}\) below in Definition 7.
 
5
We use the standard abbreviations for \(\vee , \rightarrow \), and \(\leftrightarrow \). Moreover we will denote the dual of F by \(\langle F \rangle \) and the dual of K by \(\langle K \rangle \), in other words \(\langle F \rangle \varphi := \lnot F \lnot \varphi \) and \(\langle K \rangle \varphi := \lnot K\lnot \varphi \).
 
6
Similarly as for modalities \([\mathcal {L}]\) in Definition 4, the dynamic transformation \(\mathcal {D} = (\varPhi , \mathsf {post})\) should not contain precondition formulas in \(\varPhi \) involving \([\mathcal {D}]\) itself, but can contain formulas of \(\mathcal {L}_\mathcal {KDL}\) constructed on an “earlier stage” in a simultaneous inductive definition of dynamic transformations and the language \(\mathcal {L}_\mathcal {KDL}\). In other words, one should view Definitions 7 and 4 as one simultaneous recursive definition.
 
7
Note that our framework does not rely on the assumption that the network structure is common knowledge.
 
8
Modulo a translation of standard atomic propositions into our feature propositions for a countable set of properties taking only two values.
 
9
It should be mentioned, however, that Sano (2014) has very recently independently developed a labeled sequent system and an axiomatization for the Facebook logic. The labeled sequent system of Sano have not yet been fully published, thus it remains difficult to give a proper comparison with our tableau system. Still, the approaches seem to differ considerably. However, as noted by Fitting (2012) for modal logic, there is a correspondence between nested sequent systems and prefixed tableaux. Nevertheless, we leave this non-trivial comparison with Sano’s system for future work.
 
10
The symbols “\(\asymp \)” and “\(\sim \)” were also used to represent the network and epistemic accessibility in our semantics, but here we reuse them for accessibility formulas. Since the accessibility formulas are intended to specify the structure of the model constructed in the completeness proof this reuse seems natural.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Reflecting on Social Influence in Networks
verfasst von
Zoé Christoff
Jens Ulrik Hansen
Carlo Proietti
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2016
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Journal of Logic, Language and Information / Ausgabe 3-4/2016
Print ISSN: 0925-8531
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-9583
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10849-016-9242-y

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