Introduction
Experimental
Materials
Methods
Physical and mechanical measurements
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)
Flammability measurements
Results and discussion
Physical and mechanical properties
Material | Apparent density (kg/m3) | Hardness (kPa) | Flexibility (%) | Irreversible strain (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
FPF | 25.0 | 4.19 | 44.1 | 2.4 |
FPF + FPNX | 25.6 | 4.23 | 41.9 | 4.3 |
FPF + EG | 26.2 | 4.63 | 43.0 | 2.4 |
FPF + FPNX + EG | 27.1 | 4.80 | 41.9 | 2.7 |
TGA
Material | 5 % mass loss (°C) | 50 % mass loss (°C) | Residue in 600°C (%) |
Tmax1 (°C) |
Tmax2 (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FPF | 245.8 | 363.3 | 0.72 | 282.1 | 381.7 |
FPF + FPNX | 242.3 | 369.5 | 1.02 | 279.4 | 382.6 |
FPF + EG | 245.7 | 367.2 | 2.10 | 283.2 | 382.5 |
FPF + FPNX + EG | 246.1 | 372.6 | 2.03 | 283.4 | 384.9 |
DMA
Material |
T
g
(°C) | Storage modulus (MPa) |
---|---|---|
FPF | −27.21 | 1.957 |
FPF + FPNX | −28.39 | 2.210 |
FPF + EG | −19.42 | 2.984 |
FPF + FPNX + EG | −28.44 | 3.525 |
FT-IR
Material | DPS |
---|---|
FPF | 0.63 |
FPF + FPNX | 0.50 |
FPF + EG | 0.71 |
FPF + FPNX + EG | 0.63 |
Flammability properties
Material |
tHRR1 (s) |
THRR1 (°C) | HRC (J/g K) = HRR1 (W/g) |
---|---|---|---|
FPF | 216.00 | 274.15 | 114.56 |
FPF + FPNX | 214.01 | 270.88 | 114.08 |
FPF + EG | 224.50 | 282.53 | 123.71 |
FPF + FPNX + EG | 226.00 | 280.71 | 99.76 |
Material |
tHRRmax (s) |
THRRmax (°C) | HRC (J/g K) = HRRmax (W/g) |
---|---|---|---|
FPF | 320.50 | 380.01 | 385.02 |
FPF + FPNX | 323.50 | 382.91 | 348.11 |
FPF + EG | 328.51 | 386.70 | 411.43 |
FPF + FPNX + EG | 332.51 | 388.12 | 421.64 |