Interpretation of hardness evolution in metals processed by high-pressure torsion

The processing of metals through the application of high-pressure torsion (HPT) provides the potential for achieving exceptional grain refinement in bulk disks. Numerous reports are now available describing the application of HPT to a range of pure metals and simple alloys. Excellent grain refinement was achieved using this processing technique with the average grain size often reduced to the nanoscale range. By contrast, the development of microstructure and local hardness is different depending upon the material properties. In order to make HPT processing more practical, it is indispensable to investigate the nature of the sample characteristics immediately after conventional HPT processing. Accordingly, this report demonstrates the different models of hardness evolution using representative materials of AZ31 magnesium alloy, high-purity aluminum, and Zn–22 % Al eutectoid alloy processed by HPT. Separate models are described for the evolution of hardness with equivalent strain, and the correlation between these models is suggested by the homologous temperature of HPT processing. A special emphasis is placed on examining the numerical expression of the level of strain hardening or softening of these metals with increasing equivalent strain.