nach oben

Journal of Happiness Studies

Erschienen in:

20.12.2019 | Research Paper

The Body–Mind–Spirit Dimensions of Wellness Mediate Dispositional Gratitude and Life Satisfaction

verfasst von: Zane Asher Green, Uzma Noor, Firoza Ahmed

Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies | Ausgabe 8/2020

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

This study analyzed the mediating effect of the body–mind–spirit dimensions of wellness between dispositional gratitude and life satisfaction among bachelor’s students enrolled at a midsized private university in Islamabad. Rooted in the Broaden-and-Build theory, the study explains how the positive emotion of gratitude may develop personal resources in terms of wellness behaviors or resources, which subsequently foster life satisfaction. The study sample of 779 students was divided into subsample 1 (n = 389) and subsample 2 (n = 390) through a randomizer to obtain solid results. As predicted, the results from a parallel mediation analysis using Model 4 of the PROCESS macro indicated that the body, mind, and spirit dimensions of wellness mediated the dispositional gratitude → life satisfaction link in the two subsamples. The implications of the results for interventions and future research are discussed.

Vorheriger Artikel Being Here and Now: The Benefits of Belonging in Space and Time

Nächster Artikel The Meaning Frame Theory: Meaning Arises with Reference Points

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Albuquerque, B. (2016). What is subjective well-being? Understanding and measuring subjective well-being. Retrieved from http://positivepsychology.org.uk/subjective-well-being/. Accessed August 19, 2017.

Algoe, S. B. (2012). Find, remind, and bind: The functions of gratitude in everyday relationships. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6, 455–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2012.00439.x.CrossRef

Algoe, S. B., Gable, S. L., & Maisel, N. C. (2010). It’s the little things: Everyday gratitude as a booster shot for romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 17, 217–233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01273.x.CrossRef

Algoe, S. B., Haidt, J., & Gable, S. L. (2008). Beyond reciprocity: Gratitude and relationships in everyday life. Emotion, 8, 425–429. https://doi.org/10.1037/15283542.8.3.425.CrossRef

Alorani, O. I., & Alradaydeh, M. F. (2017). Spiritual well-being, perceived social support, and life satisfaction among university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 11(4), 330–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2017.1352522.CrossRef

Al-Seheel, A. Y., & Noor, N. M. (2016). Effects of an Islamic-based gratitude strategy on Muslim students’ level of happiness. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 19(7), 686–703. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2016.1229287.CrossRef

Amati, V., Meggiolaro, S., Rivellini, G., & Zaccarin, S. (2018). Social relations and life satisfaction: The role of friends. Genus, 74(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-018-0032-z.CrossRef

André, B., Canhão, H., Espnes, G. A., Ferreira Rodrigues, A. M., Gregorio, M. J., Nguyen, C., et al. (2017). Is there an association between food patterns and life satisfaction among Norway’s inhabitants ages 65 years and older? Appetite, 110, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.016.CrossRef

Antaramian, S. (2017). The importance of very high life satisfaction for students’ academic success. Cogent Education, 4, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2017.1307622.CrossRef

Armenta, C. N., Fritz, M. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2017). Functions of positive emotions: Gratitude as a motivator of self-improvement and positive change. Emotion Review, 9(3), 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073916669596.CrossRef

Arrindell, W. A., Heesink, J., & Feij, J. A. (1999). The satisfaction with life scale (SWLS): Appraisal with 1700 health young adults in The Netherlands. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 815–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00180-9.CrossRef

Bae, W Ik, Suh, Y., Ryu, J., & Heo, J. (2017). Physical activity levels and well-being in older adults. Psychological Reports, 120(2), 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116688892.CrossRef

Bartlett, M. Y., & DeSteno, D. (2006). Gratitude: Helping when it really costs you. Psychological Science, 17(4), 319–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01705.x.CrossRef

Bester, E., Naidoo, P., & Botha, A. (2015). The role of mindfulness in the relationship between life satisfaction and spiritual wellbeing amongst the elderly. Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk, 52(2), 245–264. https://doi.org/10.15270/52-2-503.CrossRef

Boehm, J. K., Lyubomirsky, S., & Sheldon, K. M. (2011). A longitudinal experimental study comparing the effectiveness of happiness enhancing strategies in Anglo-Americans and Asian Americans. Cognition and Emotion, 25, 1263–1272. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2010.541227.CrossRef

Brodáni, J., Spisiak, M., & Paska, L. (2015). The interaction of physical activity and quality of life of adolescents. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15, 518–524. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2015.03078.CrossRef

Caine, R. N., & Caine, G. (1991). Making connections: Teaching and the human brain. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Cenkseven-Önder, F. (2012). The influence of decision-making styles on early adolescents’ life satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 40, 1523–1536. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.9.1523.CrossRef

Chan, D. W. (2010). Gratitude, gratitude intervention and subjective well-being among Chinese school teachers in Hong Kong. Educational Psychology, 30, 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410903493934.CrossRef

Chen, L. H., Chen, M. Y., Kee, Y. H., & Tsai, Y. (2009). Validation of Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ) in Taiwanese undergraduate students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 655–664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-008-9112-7.CrossRef

Chen, L. H., Chen, M.-Y., & Tsai, Y.-M. (2012). Does gratitude always work? Ambivalence over emotional expression inhibits the beneficial effect of gratitude on well-being. International Journal of Psychology, 47(5), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2011.632009.CrossRef

Chen, S. X., Cheung, F. M., Bond, M. H., & Leung, J. (2006). Going beyond self-esteem to predict life satisfaction: The Chinese case. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 9, 24–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1367-2223.2006.00182.x.CrossRef

Cohn, M. A., Fredrickson, B. L., Brown, S. L., Mikels, J. A., & Conway, A. M. (2009). Happiness unpacked: Positive emotions increase life satisfaction by building resilience. Emotions, 9(3), 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015952.CrossRef

Datu, J. A. D., & Mateo, N. J. (2015). Gratitude and life satisfaction among Filipino adolescents: The mediating role of meaning in life. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 37(2), 198–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-015-9238-3.CrossRef

Deniz, M. (2006). The relationships among coping with stress, life satisfaction, decision-making styles and decision self-esteem: An investigation with Turkish university students. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 34, 1161–1170. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.9.1161.CrossRef

Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542.CrossRef

Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31, 103–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01207052.CrossRef

Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.653.CrossRef

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.CrossRef

Dunn, H. (1959). High level wellness for man and society. American Journal of Public Health, 49(6), 766–792.CrossRef

Dunn, H. L. (1977). High-level wellness. Thorofare, NJ: Charles B. Slack.

Emmons, R. A. (2004). Gratitude. In C. Peterson & M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.), Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification (pp. 553–568). New York: Oxford University Press.

Emmons, R. A. (2010). Why gratitude is good. Retrieved from https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/why_gratitude_is_good. Accessed April 19, 2019.

Emmons, R. A., & Crumpler, C. A. (2000). Gratitude as a human strength: Appraising the evidence. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 56–69. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2000.19.1.56.CrossRef

Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.377.CrossRef

Emmons, R. A., & Mishra, A. (2011). Why gratitude enhances well-being: What we know, what we need to know. In K. M. Sheldon, T. B. Kashdan, & M. F. Steger (Eds.), Series in positive psychology. Designing positive psychology: Taking stock and moving forward (pp. 248–262). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373585.003.0016.CrossRef

Emmons, R. A., & Shelton, C. M. (2002). Gratitude and the science of positive psychology. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 459–471). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Fabricatore, N., Handal, P. J., & Fenzel, L. M. (2000). Personal spirituality as a moderator of the relationships between stressors and subjective well-being. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 28(3), 221–229.CrossRef

Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218.CrossRef

Fredrickson, B. L. (2003). The value of positive emotions: The emerging science of positive psychology is coming to understand why it’s good to feel good. American Scientist, 91(4), 330–335.CrossRef

Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Gratitude, like other positive emotions, broadens and builds. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp. 145–166). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). Positive emotions broaden and build. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 1–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00001-2.CrossRef

Fredrickson, B. L., & Cohn, M. A. (2008). Positive emotions. In M. Lewis, J. Haviland, & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Coffey, K. A., Pek, J., & Finkel, S. M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1045–1062. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013262.CrossRef

Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional wellbeing. Psychological Science, 13(2), 172–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00431.CrossRef

Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. R. (2003). What good are positive emotions in crisis? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 365–376. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.365.CrossRef

Fritz, M. M., Armenta, C. N., Walsh, L. C., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2019). Gratitude facilitates healthy eating behavior in adolescents and young adults. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 81, 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.08.011.CrossRef

Froh, J. J., & Bono, G. (2008). The gratitude of youth. In S. J. Lopez (Ed.), Positive psychology: Exploring the best in people (Vol. 2, pp. 55–78). Westport: Greenwood Publishing Company.

Froh, J. J., Fan, J., Emmons, R. A., Bono, G., Huebner, E. S., & Watkins, P. (2011). Measuring gratitude in youth: Assessing the psychometric properties of adult gratitude scales in children and adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 23(2), 311–324. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021590.CrossRef

Froh, J. J., Yurkewicz, C., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences. Journal of Adolescence, 32(3), 633–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.06.006.CrossRef

Furnham, A., & Lester, D. (2012). The development of a short measure of character strength. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28, 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000096.CrossRef

Gocen, G. (2015). The relationships between gratitude, appreciation, psychological well-being and religiosity an empirical study with Turkish sample. In Z. Agilkaya-Sahin, H. Streib, A. Ayten, & R. W. Hood (Eds.), Psychology of religion in Turkey (pp. 214–233). Leiden: Koninklijke Brill.

Gocen, G. (2016). Qualitative investigation of relations between gratitude, spirituality and life satisfaction in Turkish-Muslim children. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 1(2), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.12738/spc.2016.2.0010.CrossRef

Gottfredson, L. S., & Deary, I. (2002). Intelligence predicts health and longevity, but why? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, B, 13, 1–4.

Grant, N., Wardle, J., & Steptoe, A. (2009). The relationship between life satisfaction and health behavior: A cross-cultural analysis of young adults. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16(3), 259–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-009-9032-x.CrossRef

Green, Z. A. (2019a). Fostering the X-factor in Pakistan’s university students. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00237-6.CrossRef

Green, Z. A. (2019b). The mediating effect of well-being between generalized self-efficacy and vocational identity development. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Development. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-019-09401-7.CrossRef

Green, Z. A. (2019c). Emotionalized learning experiences: Inspiring students in Pakistan to reinvent themselves to nurture social competence. Journal of College Student Development, 60(3), 337–360. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2019.0030.CrossRef

Green, Z. A., & Batool, S. (2017). Emotionalized learning experiences: Tapping into the affective domain. Evaluation and Program Planning, 62, 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2017.02.004.CrossRef

Green, Z. A., Noor, U., & Hashemi, M. N. (2019). Furthering proactivity and career adaptability among university students: Test of intervention. Journal of Career Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072719870739.CrossRef

Grégoire, S., Bouffard, T., & Vezeau, C. (2012). Personal goal setting as mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2(3), 236–250. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v2.i3.5.CrossRef

Gruszecka, E. (2015). Appreciating gratitude: Is gratitude an amplifier of well-being? Polish Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 186–196. https://doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2015-0025.CrossRef

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis: A regression based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Heo, J., Chun, S., Lee, S., & Kim, J. (2016). Life satisfaction and psychological well-being of older adults with cancer experience: The role of optimism and volunteering. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 83(3), 274–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415016652406.CrossRef

Hettler, B. (1980). Wellness promotion on a university campus. Family and Community Health: Journal of Health Promotion and Maintenance, 3, 77–95.CrossRef

Hey, W. T., Calderon, K. S., & Carroll, H. (2006). Use of body–mind–spirit dimensions for the development of a wellness behavior and characteristic inventory for college students. Health Promotion Practice, 7(1), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839904268525.CrossRef

Hill, P. L., & Allemand, M. (2011). Gratitude, forgivingness, and well-being in adulthood: Tests of moderation and incremental prediction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(5), 397–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2011.602099.CrossRef

Hill, P. L., Allemand, M., & Roberts, B. W. (2013). Examining the pathways between gratitude and self-rated physical health across adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(1), 92–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.08.011.CrossRef

Huebner, E. S., Suldo, S. M., & Gilman, R. (2006). Life satisfaction. In G. G. Bear & K. M. Minke (Eds.), Children’s needs III: Development, prevention, and correction (pp. 357–368). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.

Janoff-Bulman, R., & Berger, A. R. (2000). The other side of trauma: Towards a psychology of appreciation. In J. H. Harvey & E. D. Miller (Eds.), Loss and trauma: General and close relationship perspectives (pp. 29–44). New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.

Kashdan, T. B., & Breen, W. E. (2007). Materialism and diminished well-being: Experiential avoidance as a mediating mechanism. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(5), 521–539. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2007.26.5.521.CrossRef

Kashdan, T. B., & Ciarocchi, J. (Eds.). (2013). Mindfulness, acceptance, and positive psychology: The seven foundations of well-being. Oakland, CA: Context Press.

Knowles, M. (1990). The adult learner: A neglected species (4th ed.). Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing.

Kong, F., Ding, K., & Zhao, J. (2014). The relationships among gratitude, self-esteem, social support and life satisfaction among undergraduate students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(2), 477–489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9519-2.CrossRef

Lang, J., & Schmitz, B. (2016). Art-of-living training: Developing an intervention for students to increase art-of-living. Applied Psychology: Health and Wellbeing, 8(3), 279–300. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12072.CrossRef

Lau, B. H.-P., & Cheng, C. (2015). Gratitude and coping among familial caregivers of persons with dementia. Aging & Mental Health, 21(4), 445–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1114588.CrossRef

Lazarus, R. S., & Lazarus, B. N. (1994). Passion and reason: Making sense of our emotion. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Leganés-Lavall, E. N., & Pérez-Aldeguer, S. (2016). Social competence in higher education questionnaire (CCSES): Revision and psychometric analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1484. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01484.CrossRef

Leung, J. P., & Zhang, L. W. (2000). Modeling life satisfaction of Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/016502500383520.CrossRef

Liao, K. Y.-H., & Weng, C.-Y. (2018). Gratefulness and subjective well-being: Social connectedness and presence of meaning as mediators. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(3), 383–393. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000271.CrossRef

Lohr, M. J., Essex, M. J., & Klein, M. H. (1988). The relationships of coping responses to physical health status and life satisfaction among older women. Journal of Gerontology, 43(2), 54–60.CrossRef

Lyubomirsky, S., & Layous, K. (2013). How do simple positive activities increase well-being? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(1), 57–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412469809.CrossRef

Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9, 111–131. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111.CrossRef

Mareno, N., & James, K. S. (2010). Further validation of the body–mind–spirit wellness behavior and characteristic inventory for college students. Southern Online Journal of Nursing Research, 10(4), Art. 5.

Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Gomberg-Kaufman, S., & Blainey, K. (1991). A broader conceptualization of mood experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(1), 100–111. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.100.CrossRef

McCanlies, E. C., Gu, J. K., Andrew, M. E., & Violanti, J. M. (2018). The effect of social support, gratitude, resilience and satisfaction with life on depressive symptoms among police officers following Hurricane Katrina. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 64(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764017746197.CrossRef

McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. A. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 112–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112.CrossRef

McCullough, M. E., Kilpatrick, S. D., Emmons, R. A., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Gratitude as moral affect. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 249–266. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.249.CrossRef

McCullough, M. E., Tsang, J., & Emmons, R. A. (2004). Gratitude in intermediate affective terrain: Links of grateful moods to individual differences and daily emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.295.CrossRef

Mobin-Uddin, A. (2002). Gratitude to God is at the heart of Islam. Retrieved from http://www.asmamobinuddin.com/Gratitude.pdf. Accessed November 24, 2019.

Moyano-Díaz, E., Martínez-Molina, A., & Ponce, F. P. (2014). The price of gaining: Maximization in decision-making, regret and life satisfaction. Judgment and Decision Making, 9(5), 500–509.

Nelson, S. K., Della Porta, M. D., Jacobs Bao, K., Lee, H. C., Choi, I., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2015). “It’s up to you”: Experimentally manipulated autonomy support for prosocial behavior improves well-being in two cultures. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(5), 463–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.983959.CrossRef

Neto, F. (2007). Forgiveness, personality and gratitude. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(8), 2313–2323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.07.010.CrossRef

Norcross, J. C., & Vangarelli, D. J. (1989). The resolution solution: Longitudinal examination of New Year’s change attempts. Journal of Substance Abuse, 1, 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3289(88)80016-6.CrossRef

O’Donnell, A. M., Reeve, J., & Smith, J. K. (2009). Educational psychology: Reflection for action (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Odacı, H., & Cikrikci, Ö. (2018). Cognitive flexibility mediates the relationship between big five personality traits and life satisfaction. Applied Research in Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9651-y.CrossRef

Pacific Crest. (2010). Learn how to integrate critical thinking into learning and teaching processes—Student success workshop handbook. Lisle, IL: Pacific Crest.

Patel, R. N. (2010). Educational evaluation: Theory and practice (Rev ed.). Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House.

Perrone, K. M., Webb, L. K., Wright, S. L., Jackson, Z. V., & Ksiazak, T. M. (2006). Relationship of spirituality to work and family roles and life satisfaction among gifted adults. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 28(3), 253–268. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.28.3.81a1dlhwelblce0v.CrossRef

Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus the empty life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-004-1278-z.CrossRef

Puente-Diaz, R., & Meixueiro, G. (2016). An exploration of the relationships between gratitude, life satisfaction, and importance of helping others among a representative sample of the adult population of Mexico. Cogent Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2016.1160558.CrossRef

Roberts, R. C. (2004). The blessings of gratitude: A conceptual analysis. In R. A. Emmons & M. E. McCullough (Eds.), The psychology of gratitude (pp. 58–78). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

Rogers, C. R. (1969). Freedom to learn. Columbus, OH: Merrill.

Sargent, A. M. (2015). Moderation and mediation of the spirituality and subjective well-being relation (Doctoral thesis). Colorado State University.

Sari, S. V. (2017). Attaining career decision self-efficacy in life: Roles of the meaning in life and the life satisfaction. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9672-y.CrossRef

Schnettler, B., Miranda, H., Lobos, G., Orellana, L., Sepúlveda, J., Denegri, M., et al. (2015). Eating habits and subjective well-being: A typology of students in Chilean state universities. Appetite, 89, 203–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.008.CrossRef

Seaward, B. L. (2005). Managing stress (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Shaheen, F. (2015). A study of life satisfaction and optimism in relation to psychological well-being among working and non working women. International Journal of Education and Psychological Research, 4(4), 81–85.

Sharajabad, F. A., Charandabi, S. M., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2017). Life satisfaction and its relationship with spiritual well-being and religious practice in Iranian adolescent girls. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2017-0077.CrossRef

Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760500510676.CrossRef

Skarupski, K. A., Fitchett, G., Evans, D. A., & Mendes de Leon, C. F. (2013). Race differences in the association of spiritual experiences and life satisfaction in older age. Aging and Mental Health, 17(7), 888–895. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2013.793285.CrossRef

Skodol, A. E. (2010). Handbook of adult resilience. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Smith, B. W., Ortiz, J. A., Wiggins, K. T., Bernard, J. F., & Dalen, J. (2012). Spirituality, resilience, and positive emotions. Oxford Handbooks. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199729920.013.0028.CrossRef

Stephan, Y. (2009). Openness to experience and active older adults’ life satisfaction: A trait and facet-level analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(6), 637–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.025.CrossRef

Stringer, L. (2018, Spring). How the built environment can support mental health on campus. Learning by Design 14–18.

Sun, P., & Kong, F. (2013). Affective mediators of the influence of gratitude on life satisfaction in late adolescence. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1361–1369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0333-8.CrossRef

Sun, P., Wang, S., & Kong, F. (2014). Core self-evaluation as mediator and moderator of the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 118(1), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0413-9.CrossRef

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

Tian, L., Pi, L., Huebner, E. S., & Du, M. (2016). Gratitude and adolescents’ subjective well-being in school: The multiple mediating roles of basic psychological needs satisfaction at school. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1409. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01409.CrossRef

Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009.CrossRef

Ting, S. (2017). The difference between gratitude and indebtedness. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 7(4), 55–62.

Toepfer, S. M., Cichy, K., & Peters, P. (2012). Letters of gratitude: Further evidence for author benefits. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 13(1), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9257-7.CrossRef

Urquijo, I., Extremera, N., & Villa, A. (2015). Emotional intelligence, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being in graduates: The mediating role of perceived stress. Applied Research in Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-015-9432-9.CrossRef

Vitale, R. A. (2015). Spirituality, resilience, and social support as predictors of life satisfaction in young adults with a history of childhood trauma (Doctoral thesis). Kent State University College of Education, Health, and Human Services.

Wan, C. K., Jaccard, J., & Ramey, S. L. (1996). The relationship between social support and life satisfaction as a function of family structure. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(2), 502–513. https://doi.org/10.2307/353513.CrossRef

Wang, Y., & Kong, F. (2014). The role of emotional intelligence in the impact of mindfulness on life satisfaction and mental distress. Social Indicators Research, 116(3), 843–852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-0130327-6.CrossRef

Wang, W., Li, J., Sun, G., Cheng, Z., & Zhang, X. (2017). Achievement goals and life satisfaction: The mediating role of perception of successful agency and the moderating role of emotion reappraisal. Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica, 30(25), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-017-0078-4.CrossRef

Watkins, P. C., Woodward, K., Stone, T., & Kolts, R. (2003). Gratitude and happiness: Development of a measure of gratitude, and relationships with subjective wellbeing. Social Behavior and Personality, 31(5), 431–452. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.5.431.CrossRef

Weiner, B. (1986). An attributional theory of motivation and emotion. New York: Springer.CrossRef

Wing, R. R., & Jeffery, R. W. (1999). Benefits of recruiting participants with friends and increasing social support for weight loss and maintenance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 132–138. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.67.1.132.CrossRef

Wood, A. M., Froh, J. J., & Geraghty, A. W. A. (2010). Gratitude and well-being: A review and theoretical integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 890–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.005.CrossRef

Wood, A. M., Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. (2007). Coping style as a psychological resource of grateful people. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(9), 1076–1093. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2007.26.9.1076.CrossRef

Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Gillett, R., Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2008a). The role of gratitude in the development of social support, stress, and depression: Two longitudinal studies. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(4), 854–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.11.003.CrossRef

Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Stewart, N., Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2008b). A social-cognitive model of trait and state levels of gratitude. Emotion, 8(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.8.2.281.CrossRef

Yildirim, M., & Alanazi, Z. (2018). Gratitude and life satisfaction: Mediating role of perceived stress. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 10(3), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v10n3p21.CrossRef

Zhou, Y., & Xu, W. (2018). Short report: The mediator effect of meaning in life in the relationship between self-acceptance and psychological wellbeing among gastrointestinal cancer patients. Psychology, Health, & Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2018.1554252.CrossRef

Titel: The Body–Mind–Spirit Dimensions of Wellness Mediate Dispositional Gratitude and Life Satisfaction
verfasst von: Zane Asher Green
Uzma Noor
Firoza Ahmed
Publikationsdatum: 20.12.2019
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies / Ausgabe 8/2020
Print ISSN: 1389-4978
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7780
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00215-6

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2020

Ways to Greater Happiness: A Delphi Study

The Determinants of Subjective Well-Being in a Developing Country: The Ecuadorian Case

Cultural Evolution Shifts the Source of Happiness from Religion to Subjective Freedom

Being Here and Now: The Benefits of Belonging in Space and Time

Migration and Happiness: Evidence from Germany

The Relationship Between Gratitude and Happiness in Young Children