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Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

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01.01.2010 | Original Article

Clean Development Mechanism Potential and Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa

verfasst von: Govinda R. Timilsina, Christophe de Gouvello, Massamba Thioye, Felix B. Dayo

Erschienen in: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change | Ausgabe 1/2010

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Abstract

Sub-Saharan Africa lags far behind other regions in terms of the implementation of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects due to several reasons. One of the reasons is a general perception that, since the region contributes very little to global GHG emissions, it also offers few opportunities to reduce these emissions. Using a bottom-up approach, this study investigates the technical potential of reducing GHG emissions from the energy sector in Sub-Saharan Africa through the CDM. The study finds that sub-Saharan Africa could develop 3,227 CDM projects, including 361 programs of activities, which could reduce approximately 9.8 billion tons of GHG emissions during the CDM project cycles. The study also estimates that the realization of this CDM potential could significantly enhance sustainable development in the region as it would attract more than US$200 billion in investment and could generate US$98 billion of CDM revenue at a CER price of US$10/tCO2. Another notable finding of the study is that the realization of this CDM potential could supply clean electricity by doubling the current capacity and thereby providing access of electricity to millions of people in the region. However, realization of this CDM potential is severely constrained by a number of financial, technical, regulatory and institutional barriers.

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However, there exists a number of studies on biological and geological sequestration of carbon dioxide emissions in SSA countries (e.g., Henry et al. 2009; Surridge and Cloete 2009; Williams et al. 2008; Unruh 2008; Roncoli et al. 2007; Perez et al. 2007).

A programme of activities is an action that implements any policy/measure or stated goal (i.e. incentive schemes), which leads to GHG reductions or removal. This allows to bundle several similar CDM project activities to implement them under a single program.

As May 29, 2009, about 118 methodologies had been approved, which includes 63 large scale CDM methodologies, along with 14 consolidated methodologies covering a wide range of activities and 41 simplified methodologies designed for small-scale projects. Each of the approved methodologies has unleashed a large number of mitigation activities. An additional 35 methodologies have been proposed and are under consideration. To date, about 1,647 projects have had their descriptions posted freely on the website of the UNFCCC secretariat. Please visit http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/index.html for latest information on CDM project activities and methodologies.

Because the technical potential of clean energy generation is larger than current energy demand, it could meet future demand growth and thus avoid additional GHG emissions under a business-as-usual development scenario.

This figure does not include investment required for projects representing 36% of added power-generation capacity and 21% of emission reductions due to a lack of data.

A detailed economic analysis of GHG mitigation options is beyond the scope of this study; it could be an interesting further analysis.

CTF is an innovative funding mechanism established in 2008 by the World Bank Group in consultation with the regional development banks and developed and developing countries, and other development partners to support climate change mitigation activities in developing countries. The CTF aims to demonstrate how financial and other incentives can be scaled-up to accelerate deployment, diffusion and transfer of low-carbon technologies (World Bank 2009b).

Some SSA countries, such as Rwanda, Botswana and Malawi have been recently regarded as the top reformers to improve their business environment (World Bank 2009a).

African countries are presenting themselves in the Copenhagen climate conference as a single group thereby strengthening their position during the negotiation.

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Titel: Clean Development Mechanism Potential and Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa
verfasst von: Govinda R. Timilsina
Christophe de Gouvello
Massamba Thioye
Felix B. Dayo
Publikationsdatum: 01.01.2010
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change / Ausgabe 1/2010
Print ISSN: 1381-2386
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-1596
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-009-9206-5

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