Sensitivity enhancement of refractive index-based surface plasmon resonance sensor for glucose detection

Diabetes is a life-threatening disease caused by excessive glucose intake. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensor is the most advanced technology for glucose detection. A multilayer SPR-based sensor for detecting glucose in the urine is presented using nanolayers of silver, MXene, ZnO, and graphene over a BK7 prism. The suggested sensor's performance parameters like sensitivity, quality factor, full width half maximum, and signal-to-noise ratio have all been evaluated. In urine samples, the sensitivity for glucose concentration 0–15 mg/dL is evaluated to be 123 deg/RIU, and for 0.625 g/dL concentration, it has been computed as 131 deg/RIU. Likewise, it has been calculated as 126 deg/RIU, 132 deg/RIU, 132.33 deg/RIU, and 133.5 deg/RIU for 1.25 g/dL, 2.5 g/dL, 5 g/dL, and 10 g/dL, respectively. The corresponding computed values for full width half maximum, quality factor are3.35 deg, 3.37 deg, 3.39 deg, 3.41 deg, 3.48 deg, 3.64 deg and \(36.6\;{\mathrm{RIU}}^{-1}\),\(38.7\;{ \mathrm{RIU}}^{-1}\), \(37\;{\mathrm{RIU}}^{-1}\), \(38.6\;{ \mathrm{RIU}}^{-1}\), \(37.9\;{ \mathrm{RIU}}^{-1}\), \(37.4\;{\mathrm{RIU}}^{-1}\) respectively. The proposed SPR sensor's improved performance makes it a good structure for detecting glucose in urine samples, expanding its application in the medical industry.