Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 2/2022

24.07.2021 | Original Research

CEO overconfidence and the level of short-selling activity

verfasst von: Jieqi Guan, Brian M. Lam, Ching Chi Lam, Ming Liu

Erschienen in: Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting | Ausgabe 2/2022

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This study examines the impact of CEO overconfidence on the level of short-selling activity, as proxied by the short interest ratio. This research employs 19,300 listed firm-year observations from the US market for the period 1998–2017. After controlling for firm and institutional characteristics, empirical results show that short interest is positively associated with CEO overconfidence. The findings further reveal that this positive correlation is more pronounced when the product market competition is high and when the firm is more financially constrained. This study is the first of its kind in that it comprehensively investigates the correlation between CEO overconfidence and short interest. The findings serve as valuable references for corporate governors with insights into the overconfidence effect of management. Likewise, investors benefit from information on the overconfidence effect as it allows them to better identify firms that match or do not match their financial goals and directions.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Fußnoten
1
In the psychology literature, overconfidence sometimes refers to the overestimation of the accuracy of one’s belief. Nevertheless, consistent with Kim et al. (2015), the overestimation of accuracy can also be classified as a positive illusion since it concerns one’s judgment.
 
2
Malmendier and Tate (2005) require the overconfident CEOs to hold options that are more than 67% in the money at least twice during the sample period.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Aghazadeh S, Sun L, Wang Q (2018) Investors’ perception of CEO overconfidence: evidence from the cost of equity capital. Rev Quant Financ Acc 51:1129–1150CrossRef Aghazadeh S, Sun L, Wang Q (2018) Investors’ perception of CEO overconfidence: evidence from the cost of equity capital. Rev Quant Financ Acc 51:1129–1150CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmed AS, Duellman S (2013) Managerial overconfidence and accounting conservatism. J Account Res 51:1–30CrossRef Ahmed AS, Duellman S (2013) Managerial overconfidence and accounting conservatism. J Account Res 51:1–30CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Alicke MD, Govorun O (2005) The better-than-average effect. In: Alicke MD, Dunning DA, Krueger JI (eds) The self in social judgment. Psychology Press, New York, pp 85–106 Alicke MD, Govorun O (2005) The better-than-average effect. In: Alicke MD, Dunning DA, Krueger JI (eds) The self in social judgment. Psychology Press, New York, pp 85–106
Zurück zum Zitat Allen F, Michaely R (2003) Payout policy. In: Arrow KJ, Intriligator MD (eds) Handbook in economics, vol 1. Part A. Elsevier B. V, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 337–429 Allen F, Michaely R (2003) Payout policy. In: Arrow KJ, Intriligator MD (eds) Handbook in economics, vol 1. Part A. Elsevier B. V, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp 337–429
Zurück zum Zitat Amihud Y, Murgia M (1997) Dividends, taxes, and signaling: evidence from Germany. J Financ 52:397–408CrossRef Amihud Y, Murgia M (1997) Dividends, taxes, and signaling: evidence from Germany. J Financ 52:397–408CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Angelis DD, Grullon G, Michenaud S (2017) The effects of short-selling threats on incentive contracts: evidence from an experiment. Rev Financial Stud 30:1628–1659CrossRef Angelis DD, Grullon G, Michenaud S (2017) The effects of short-selling threats on incentive contracts: evidence from an experiment. Rev Financial Stud 30:1628–1659CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baker M, Stein JC, Wurgler J (2003) When does the market matter? Stock prices and the investment of equity-dependent firms. Q J Econ 118:969–1005CrossRef Baker M, Stein JC, Wurgler J (2003) When does the market matter? Stock prices and the investment of equity-dependent firms. Q J Econ 118:969–1005CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baker H, Filbeck G, Ricciardi V (2017) financial behavior: players, services, products, and markets. Oxford University Press, NYCrossRef Baker H, Filbeck G, Ricciardi V (2017) financial behavior: players, services, products, and markets. Oxford University Press, NYCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ben-David I, Graham JR, Harvey CR (2010) Managerial miscalibration. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series No. 16215. Ben-David I, Graham JR, Harvey CR (2010) Managerial miscalibration. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series No. 16215.
Zurück zum Zitat Blau BM, Fuller KP, Van Ness RA (2011) Short selling around dividend announcements and ex-dividend days. J Corp Finan 17:628–639CrossRef Blau BM, Fuller KP, Van Ness RA (2011) Short selling around dividend announcements and ex-dividend days. J Corp Finan 17:628–639CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Boehmer E, Wu J (2013) Short selling and the price discovery process. Rev Financial Stud 26:287–322CrossRef Boehmer E, Wu J (2013) Short selling and the price discovery process. Rev Financial Stud 26:287–322CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brav A, Graham JR, Harvey CR, Michaely R (2005) Payout policy in the 21st century. J Financ Econ 77:483–527CrossRef Brav A, Graham JR, Harvey CR, Michaely R (2005) Payout policy in the 21st century. J Financ Econ 77:483–527CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Caby J (2020) The impact of short selling on firms: an empirical literature review. J Business Account Finance Perspect 2:1–9CrossRef Caby J (2020) The impact of short selling on firms: an empirical literature review. J Business Account Finance Perspect 2:1–9CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Camerer C, Lovallo D (1999) Overconfidence and excess entry: An experimental approach. Am Econ Rev 89:306–318CrossRef Camerer C, Lovallo D (1999) Overconfidence and excess entry: An experimental approach. Am Econ Rev 89:306–318CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Campbell TC, Gallmeyer M, Johnson SA, Rutherford J, Stanley BW (2011) CEO optimism and forced turnover. J Financ Econ 101:695–712CrossRef Campbell TC, Gallmeyer M, Johnson SA, Rutherford J, Stanley BW (2011) CEO optimism and forced turnover. J Financ Econ 101:695–712CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chang EC, Lin T-C, Ma X (2019) Does short selling threat discipline managers in mergers and acquisitions decisions? J Account Econ 68:101223CrossRef Chang EC, Lin T-C, Ma X (2019) Does short selling threat discipline managers in mergers and acquisitions decisions? J Account Econ 68:101223CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chen S, Lin B, Lu R, Ma H (2018) The disciplinary effects of short sales on controlling shareholders. J Empir Financ 46:56–76CrossRef Chen S, Lin B, Lu R, Ma H (2018) The disciplinary effects of short sales on controlling shareholders. J Empir Financ 46:56–76CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chen Y, Ho K, Yeh C (2020) CEO overconfidence and corporate cash holdings. J Corporate Finance 62:101577CrossRef Chen Y, Ho K, Yeh C (2020) CEO overconfidence and corporate cash holdings. J Corporate Finance 62:101577CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cheng L, Yan Z, Zhao Y, Chang W (2012) Short selling activity, price efficiency and fundamental value of IPO stocks. Pac Basin Financ J 20:809–824CrossRef Cheng L, Yan Z, Zhao Y, Chang W (2012) Short selling activity, price efficiency and fundamental value of IPO stocks. Pac Basin Financ J 20:809–824CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Christophe SE, Ferri MG, Hsieh J (2010) Informed trading before analyst downgrades: evidence from short sellers. J Financ Econ 95:85–106CrossRef Christophe SE, Ferri MG, Hsieh J (2010) Informed trading before analyst downgrades: evidence from short sellers. J Financ Econ 95:85–106CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Chyz J, Gaertner F, Kausar A, Watson L (2014) Overconfidence and aggressive corporate tax policy. In: Annual conference on taxation and minutes of the annual meeting of the national tax association, vol. 107, pp. 1–47. National Tax Association. Chyz J, Gaertner F, Kausar A, Watson L (2014) Overconfidence and aggressive corporate tax policy. In: Annual conference on taxation and minutes of the annual meeting of the national tax association, vol. 107, pp. 1–47. National Tax Association.
Zurück zum Zitat Cunha MP, Rego A, Clegg S, Jarvis WP (2021) Stewardship as process: a paradox perspective. Eur Manag J 39:247–259CrossRef Cunha MP, Rego A, Clegg S, Jarvis WP (2021) Stewardship as process: a paradox perspective. Eur Manag J 39:247–259CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dhaliwal D, Judd JS, Serfling M, Shaikh S (2016) Customer concentration risk and the cost of equity capital. J Account Econ 61:23–48CrossRef Dhaliwal D, Judd JS, Serfling M, Shaikh S (2016) Customer concentration risk and the cost of equity capital. J Account Econ 61:23–48CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Diamond DW, Verrecchia RE (1987) Constraints on short-selling and asset price adjustment to private information. J Financ Econ 18:277–311CrossRef Diamond DW, Verrecchia RE (1987) Constraints on short-selling and asset price adjustment to private information. J Financ Econ 18:277–311CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Easterbrook FH (1984) Two agency-cost explanations of dividends. Am Econ Rev 74:650–659 Easterbrook FH (1984) Two agency-cost explanations of dividends. Am Econ Rev 74:650–659
Zurück zum Zitat Eisenhardt KM (1989) Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review. Acad Manag Rev 14:57–74CrossRef Eisenhardt KM (1989) Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review. Acad Manag Rev 14:57–74CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Engelberg J, Reed A, Ringgenberg M (2010) How are shorts informed? Short sellers, news, and information processing. Working Paper. University of North Carolina. Engelberg J, Reed A, Ringgenberg M (2010) How are shorts informed? Short sellers, news, and information processing. Working Paper. University of North Carolina.
Zurück zum Zitat Fama E, French K (1998) Taxes, financing decisions, and firm value. J Financ 53:819–843CrossRef Fama E, French K (1998) Taxes, financing decisions, and firm value. J Financ 53:819–843CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fazzari SM, Hubbard RG, Peterson BC (1988) Financing constraints and corporate investment. Brook Pap Econ Act 1:141–195CrossRef Fazzari SM, Hubbard RG, Peterson BC (1988) Financing constraints and corporate investment. Brook Pap Econ Act 1:141–195CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ferris SP, Jayaraman N, Sabherwal S (2013) CEO overconfidence and international merger and acquisition activity. J Financ Quantitative Anal 48:137–164CrossRef Ferris SP, Jayaraman N, Sabherwal S (2013) CEO overconfidence and international merger and acquisition activity. J Financ Quantitative Anal 48:137–164CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Galasso A, Simcoe TS (2011) CEO overconfidence and innovation. Manage Sci 57:1469–1484CrossRef Galasso A, Simcoe TS (2011) CEO overconfidence and innovation. Manage Sci 57:1469–1484CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Giroud X, Mueller HM (2011) Corporate governance, product market competition, and equity prices. J Financ 66:563–600CrossRef Giroud X, Mueller HM (2011) Corporate governance, product market competition, and equity prices. J Financ 66:563–600CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Goel AM, Thakor AV (2008) Overconfidence, CEO selection, and corporate governance. J Financ 63:2737–2784CrossRef Goel AM, Thakor AV (2008) Overconfidence, CEO selection, and corporate governance. J Financ 63:2737–2784CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Graham JR, Harvey CR, Puri M (2013) Managerial attitudes and corporate actions. J Financ Econ 109:103–121CrossRef Graham JR, Harvey CR, Puri M (2013) Managerial attitudes and corporate actions. J Financ Econ 109:103–121CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hatoum K (2021) Theoretical model on CEO overconfidence impact on corporate investments. Q Rev Econ Finance 80:545–552CrossRef Hatoum K (2021) Theoretical model on CEO overconfidence impact on corporate investments. Q Rev Econ Finance 80:545–552CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hilary G, Hsu C (2011) Endogenous overconfidence in managerial forecasts. J Account Econ 51:300–313CrossRef Hilary G, Hsu C (2011) Endogenous overconfidence in managerial forecasts. J Account Econ 51:300–313CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hirshleifer DA, Low A, Teoh SH (2012) Are overconfident CEOs better innovators? J Financ 67:1457–1498CrossRef Hirshleifer DA, Low A, Teoh SH (2012) Are overconfident CEOs better innovators? J Financ 67:1457–1498CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Holm C, Thinggaard F (2014) Leaving a joint audit system: conditional fee reductions. Manag Audit J 29:131–152CrossRef Holm C, Thinggaard F (2014) Leaving a joint audit system: conditional fee reductions. Manag Audit J 29:131–152CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hribar P, Yang H (2016) CEO overconfidence and management forecasting. Contemp Account Res 33:204–227CrossRef Hribar P, Yang H (2016) CEO overconfidence and management forecasting. Contemp Account Res 33:204–227CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Huang W, Jiang F, Liu Z, Zhang M (2011) Agency cost, top executives’ overconfidence, and investment-cash flow sensitivity—Evidence from listed companies in China. Pac Basin Financ J 19:261–277CrossRef Huang W, Jiang F, Liu Z, Zhang M (2011) Agency cost, top executives’ overconfidence, and investment-cash flow sensitivity—Evidence from listed companies in China. Pac Basin Financ J 19:261–277CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hwang H, Kim H, Kim T (2020) The blind power: power-led CEO overconfidence and M&A decision making. North Am J Econ Financ 52:101141CrossRef Hwang H, Kim H, Kim T (2020) The blind power: power-led CEO overconfidence and M&A decision making. North Am J Econ Financ 52:101141CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat John K, Knyazeva A, Knyazeva D (2015) Governance and payout precommitment. J Corp Finan 33:101–117CrossRef John K, Knyazeva A, Knyazeva D (2015) Governance and payout precommitment. J Corp Finan 33:101–117CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jung CS, Kim W, Lee DW (2013) Short selling by individual investors: destabilizing or price discovering? Pac Basin Financ J 21:1232–1248CrossRef Jung CS, Kim W, Lee DW (2013) Short selling by individual investors: destabilizing or price discovering? Pac Basin Financ J 21:1232–1248CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kaplan SN, Zingales L (1997) Do investment–cash flow sensitivities provide useful measures of financing constraints? Q J Econ 112:169–215CrossRef Kaplan SN, Zingales L (1997) Do investment–cash flow sensitivities provide useful measures of financing constraints? Q J Econ 112:169–215CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kausar A, Shroff N, White H (2016) Real effects of the audit choice. J Account Econ 62:157–181CrossRef Kausar A, Shroff N, White H (2016) Real effects of the audit choice. J Account Econ 62:157–181CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JB, Liu X, Zheng L (2012) The impact of mandatory IFRS adoption on audit fees: Theory and evidence. Account Rev 87:2061–2094CrossRef Kim JB, Liu X, Zheng L (2012) The impact of mandatory IFRS adoption on audit fees: Theory and evidence. Account Rev 87:2061–2094CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JB, Wang Z, Zhang L (2016) CEO overconfidence and stock price crash risk. Contemp Account Res 33:1720–1749CrossRef Kim JB, Wang Z, Zhang L (2016) CEO overconfidence and stock price crash risk. Contemp Account Res 33:1720–1749CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kubick TR, Lynch DP, Mayberry MA, Omer TC (2014) Product market power and tax avoidance: Market leaders, mimicking strategies, and stock returns. Account Rev 90:675–702CrossRef Kubick TR, Lynch DP, Mayberry MA, Omer TC (2014) Product market power and tax avoidance: Market leaders, mimicking strategies, and stock returns. Account Rev 90:675–702CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lai Y, Tai VW (2019) Managerial overconfidence and directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. Pac Basin Financ J 57:1–34CrossRef Lai Y, Tai VW (2019) Managerial overconfidence and directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. Pac Basin Financ J 57:1–34CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lamont O, Polk C, Sa´a-Requejo J, (2001) Financial constraints and stock returns. Rev Financ Stud 14:529–554CrossRef Lamont O, Polk C, Sa´a-Requejo J, (2001) Financial constraints and stock returns. Rev Financ Stud 14:529–554CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lee J, Lin EMH, Lin JJ, Zhao Y (2020) Bank systemic risk and CEO overconfidence. North Am J Econ Financ 54:100946CrossRef Lee J, Lin EMH, Lin JJ, Zhao Y (2020) Bank systemic risk and CEO overconfidence. North Am J Econ Financ 54:100946CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lennox CS, Francis JR, Wang Z (2011) Selection models in accounting research. Account Rev 87:589–616CrossRef Lennox CS, Francis JR, Wang Z (2011) Selection models in accounting research. Account Rev 87:589–616CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li Y, Zhang L (2015) Short selling pressure, stock price behavior, and management forecast precision: evidence from a natural experiment. J Account Res 53:79–117CrossRef Li Y, Zhang L (2015) Short selling pressure, stock price behavior, and management forecast precision: evidence from a natural experiment. J Account Res 53:79–117CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lin YH, Hu SY, Chen MS (2005) Managerial optimism and corporate investment: some empirical evidence from Taiwan. Pac Basin Financ J 13:523–546CrossRef Lin YH, Hu SY, Chen MS (2005) Managerial optimism and corporate investment: some empirical evidence from Taiwan. Pac Basin Financ J 13:523–546CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Malmendier U, Tate G (2005) CEO overconfidence and corporate investment. J Financ 60:2661–2700CrossRef Malmendier U, Tate G (2005) CEO overconfidence and corporate investment. J Financ 60:2661–2700CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Malmendier U, Tate G (2008) Who makes acquisitions? CEO overconfidence and the market’s reaction. J Financ Econ 89:20–43CrossRef Malmendier U, Tate G (2008) Who makes acquisitions? CEO overconfidence and the market’s reaction. J Financ Econ 89:20–43CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Malmendier U, Tate G, Yan J (2011) Overconfidence and early-life experiences: The effect of managerial traits on corporate financial policies. J Financ 66:1687–1733CrossRef Malmendier U, Tate G, Yan J (2011) Overconfidence and early-life experiences: The effect of managerial traits on corporate financial policies. J Financ 66:1687–1733CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Markus H (1977) Self-schemata and processing information about the self. J Pers Soc Psychol 35:63–78CrossRef Markus H (1977) Self-schemata and processing information about the self. J Pers Soc Psychol 35:63–78CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Massa M, Zhang B, Zhang H (2015) The invisible hand of short selling: does short selling discipline earnings management? Rev Financ Stud 28:1701–1736CrossRef Massa M, Zhang B, Zhang H (2015) The invisible hand of short selling: does short selling discipline earnings management? Rev Financ Stud 28:1701–1736CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mitra S, Jaggi B, Al-Hayale T (2019) Managerial overconfidence, ability, firm-governance and audit fees. Rev Quant Financ Acc 52:841–870CrossRef Mitra S, Jaggi B, Al-Hayale T (2019) Managerial overconfidence, ability, firm-governance and audit fees. Rev Quant Financ Acc 52:841–870CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Moore DA, Healy PJ (2008) The trouble with overconfidence. Psychol Rev 115:502–517CrossRef Moore DA, Healy PJ (2008) The trouble with overconfidence. Psychol Rev 115:502–517CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Putnam RD (2001) Social capital: Measurement and consequences. Can J Policy Res 2:41–51 Putnam RD (2001) Social capital: Measurement and consequences. Can J Policy Res 2:41–51
Zurück zum Zitat Saffi PAC, Sigurdsson K (2011) Price efficiency and short selling. Rev Financ Stud 24:821–852CrossRef Saffi PAC, Sigurdsson K (2011) Price efficiency and short selling. Rev Financ Stud 24:821–852CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schrand CM, Zechman SLC (2012) Executive overconfidence and the slippery slope to financial misreporting. J Account Econ 53:311–329CrossRef Schrand CM, Zechman SLC (2012) Executive overconfidence and the slippery slope to financial misreporting. J Account Econ 53:311–329CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sheikh S (2018) The impact of market competition on the relation between CEO power and firm innovation. J Multinatl Financ Manag 44:36–50CrossRef Sheikh S (2018) The impact of market competition on the relation between CEO power and firm innovation. J Multinatl Financ Manag 44:36–50CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Snyder C, Shenkel RJ, Lowery CR (1977) Acceptance of personality interpretations: The “Barnum effect” and beyond. J Consult Clin Psychol 45:104–114CrossRef Snyder C, Shenkel RJ, Lowery CR (1977) Acceptance of personality interpretations: The “Barnum effect” and beyond. J Consult Clin Psychol 45:104–114CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Solomon SJ, Bendickson JS, Marvel MR, McDowell WC, Mahto R (2021) Agency theory and entrepreneurship: a cross-country analysis. J Bus Res 122:466–476CrossRef Solomon SJ, Bendickson JS, Marvel MR, McDowell WC, Mahto R (2021) Agency theory and entrepreneurship: a cross-country analysis. J Bus Res 122:466–476CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Swann WB, Read SJ (1981) Acquiring self-knowledge: The search for feedback that fits. J Pers Soc Psychol 41:1119–1128CrossRef Swann WB, Read SJ (1981) Acquiring self-knowledge: The search for feedback that fits. J Pers Soc Psychol 41:1119–1128CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor SE, Brown JD (1988) Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychol Bull 103:193–210CrossRef Taylor SE, Brown JD (1988) Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychol Bull 103:193–210CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Taylor SE, Gollwitzer PM (1995) Effects of mindset on positive illusions. J Pers Soc Psychol 69:213–226CrossRef Taylor SE, Gollwitzer PM (1995) Effects of mindset on positive illusions. J Pers Soc Psychol 69:213–226CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wooldridge JM (2002) Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass Wooldridge JM (2002) Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass
Metadaten
Titel
CEO overconfidence and the level of short-selling activity
verfasst von
Jieqi Guan
Brian M. Lam
Ching Chi Lam
Ming Liu
Publikationsdatum
24.07.2021
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting / Ausgabe 2/2022
Print ISSN: 0924-865X
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7179
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-021-01006-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2022

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting 2/2022 Zur Ausgabe