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Sustainable Water Resources Management

Erschienen in:

01.08.2022 | Original Article

A comprehensive review on nitrate pollution and its remediation: conventional and recent approaches

verfasst von: Meena Choudhary, Monali Muduli, Sanak Ray

Erschienen in: Sustainable Water Resources Management | Ausgabe 4/2022

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Abstract

Recently, getting pure water easily is becoming a difficult task for the world. Different sources such as industrial, municipal, urban, and agricultural runoff are principal contributors to water pollution. Nitrate, an inorganic form of nitrogen, one of the water pollutants, can destroy water quality ecologically and clinically by causing eutrophication in the aquatic bodies and, methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome) in human infants, other health complications in animals. Traditionally, various methods have been trailed by the industries and wastewater plants to diminish the concentration of nitrate from the polluted water before discharging into the nearby water bodies. In the current decade, innovative, tremendous, and efficient technologies have been developed to reduce nitrate concentration and boost water quality. This paper highlights the most used physical and chemical approaches (ion exchange, reverse osmosis, adsorption, electrodialysis, electrocoagulation, electroreduction, etc.) and biological approaches (microbial, phytoremediation), other hybrid systems and their unique features. In addition, operational conditions, mechanisms, advantages, shortcomings, recent advancements, removal efficiency, and cost-effectiveness were discussed to help the world eliminate this significant problem associated with water pollution and further develop a sustainable hybrid system. Besides it, the paper presents the recovery procedure for nitrate and ammonium. From the detailed literature gathered, the hybrid technology was fantastic compared to stand-alone approaches. The biological methods were unmatchable with others regarding cost, energy consumption, nitrate reduction, nitrate removal, and energy harvest.

Vorheriger Artikel Comparison of parameter estimation methods of the two-parameter Weibull distribution

Nächster Artikel Water strategies and water–food Nexus: challenges and opportunities towards sustainable development in various regions of the World

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Titel: A comprehensive review on nitrate pollution and its remediation: conventional and recent approaches
verfasst von: Meena Choudhary
Monali Muduli
Sanak Ray
Publikationsdatum: 01.08.2022
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Sustainable Water Resources Management / Ausgabe 4/2022
Print ISSN: 2363-5037
Elektronische ISSN: 2363-5045
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00708-y

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