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Erschienen in:
Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2011 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Substation PSA Model

verfasst von : Liisa Haarla, Mikko Koskinen, Ritva Hirvonen, Pierre-Etienne Labeau

Erschienen in: Transmission Grid Security

Verlag: Springer London

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Abstract

Chapter 6 describes how to create the substation model, the core of the PSA application, for grid security. The model consists of event trees and fault trees described in Chap.​ 4. First, the modelling principles and then the details of the model are presented. The properties of the model are based, to some extent, on the actual Finnish 400 kV transmission grid, which shows that the method is applicable to grids of real size. The example presented to illustrate the method is for line faults.
The steps presented in the Chapter and needed in the construction of the substation reliability model are:
  • The selection of credible events (faults) for analysis and their frequency. Fault frequencies might vary according to the season.
  • Defining the substation functionality: the busbar and circuit breaker arrangements that affect the construction of the substation reliability model.
  • The selection of grid topologies and power flows included in the analysis.
  • Defining the extent of the model, for example the main protection relays, the structure of the protection, fault clearance times, the local and remote backup protection and their functionality, breaker failure protection.
  • Defining the principles for event tree and fault tree construction.
  • The construction and analysis of event tree and fault trees.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Grid Faults and Component Failures
Nächstes Kapitel Dynamic Consequence Analysis
Fußnoten
1
The unavailability of power line carrier telecommunication is dependent on the state of the line, failed or not failed. During 3-phase faults, all the phases carry the fault current and it is very probable that the telecommunication signal cannot pass the faulted line. In this case, the constant unavailability of the telecommunication is 1. This failure has a correlation with the state of the grid, therefore constant unavailability is not a correct way of modelling although often used.
 
2
The local or remote backup protection is not in included in the event trees and therefore, in the model, the fault current does not stop if the main protection or circuit breakers fail. If the operation of backup protection is of interest, one can include them in the model.
 
3
Permissive overreach of a distance protection uses telecommunication and with overreach setting in each relay, and where a signal is transmitted between the relays when a fault is at the overreach protection zone. The receipt of the signal at the receiving end permits sending the trip signal to circuit breakers. (IEC 60050-448).
 
4
If the initiating event is modelled with a probability rather than a frequency, the end branch result is a probability, too.
 
Literatur
1.
2.
Pottonen L, Pulkkinen U, Koskinen M (2004) A method for evaluating the reliability of protection. In: 8th IEE Int Conf on Dev in Power Syst Prot, 5–8 April 2004, pp 299–302
3.
Pottonen L, Pulkkinen U, Koskinen M (2004) The effect of relay protection on the substation reliability. In: PSAM7––ESREL´04, international conference on probabilistic safety assessment and management, Berlin, Germany 14–18 June 2004, 1002-1007
Metadaten
Titel
Substation PSA Model
verfasst von
Liisa Haarla
Mikko Koskinen
Ritva Hirvonen
Pierre-Etienne Labeau
Copyright-Jahr
2011
Verlag
Springer London
Buch
Transmission Grid Security

Print ISBN: 978-0-85729-144-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-0-85729-145-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2011

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-145-5_6