Skip to main content

2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Inertial Sensors and Their Applications

verfasst von : Jussi Collin, Pavel Davidson, Martti Kirkko-Jaakkola, Helena Leppäkoski

Erschienen in: Handbook of Signal Processing Systems

Verlag: Springer New York

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Due to the universal presence of motion, vibration, and shock, inertial motion sensors can be applied in various contexts. Development of the microelectromechanical (MEMS) technology opens up many new consumer and automotive applications for accelerometers and gyroscopes. The large variety of application creates different requirements to inertial sensors in terms of accuracy, size, power consumption and cost. It makes it difficult to choose sensors that are suited best for the particular application. Signal processing methods depend on the application and should reflect on the physical principles behind this application. This chapter describes the principles of operation of accelerometers and gyroscopes, different applications involving the inertial sensors. It also gives examples of signal processing algorithms for pedestrian navigation and motion classification.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
In short, non-holonomic constraints allow to neglect the lateral and vertical speeds of the vehicle.
 
2
Scale factors are not exactly constant: for instance, the scale factors of MEMS sensors depend strongly on the temperature.
 
3
There exist higher-order Gauss–Markov process where the difference equation (3) contains older values of the process.
 
4
The growth is almost quadratic with small heading errors; however, with larger heading errors, the sine and cosine functions in (19) bound the error growth.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Allan, D.W.: Statistics of atomic frequency standards. Proc. IEEE 54(2), 221–230 (1966)CrossRef Allan, D.W.: Statistics of atomic frequency standards. Proc. IEEE 54(2), 221–230 (1966)CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Altun, K., Barshan, B., Tunçel, O.: Comparative study on classifying human activities with miniature inertial and magnetic sensors. Pattern Recogn. 43, 3605–3620 (2010)MATHCrossRef Altun, K., Barshan, B., Tunçel, O.: Comparative study on classifying human activities with miniature inertial and magnetic sensors. Pattern Recogn. 43, 3605–3620 (2010)MATHCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Armenise, M.N., Ciminelli, C., Dell’Olio, F., Passaro, V.: Advances in Gyroscope Technologies. Springer Verlag (2010) Armenise, M.N., Ciminelli, C., Dell’Olio, F., Passaro, V.: Advances in Gyroscope Technologies. Springer Verlag (2010)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Broffit, J.D.: Nonparametric classification. In: P.R. Krishnaiah, L.N. Kanal (eds.) Handbook of Statistics 2. North-Holland (1990) Broffit, J.D.: Nonparametric classification. In: P.R. Krishnaiah, L.N. Kanal (eds.) Handbook of Statistics 2. North-Holland (1990)
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown, R.G., Hwang, P.Y.C.: Introduction to Random Signals and Applied Kalman Filtering, 3rd edn. John Wiley & Sons (1997) Brown, R.G., Hwang, P.Y.C.: Introduction to Random Signals and Applied Kalman Filtering, 3rd edn. John Wiley & Sons (1997)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Foxlin, E.: Pedestrian tracking with shoe-mounted inertial sensors. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 25(6), 38–46 (2005)CrossRef Foxlin, E.: Pedestrian tracking with shoe-mounted inertial sensors. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 25(6), 38–46 (2005)CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Gianchandani, Y.B., Tabata, O., Zappe, H.P.: Comprehensive microsystems. Elsevier (2008) Gianchandani, Y.B., Tabata, O., Zappe, H.P.: Comprehensive microsystems. Elsevier (2008)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat IEEE Std 528-2001: IEEE standard for inertial sensor terminology. standard, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, NY, U.S.A. (2001) IEEE Std 528-2001: IEEE standard for inertial sensor terminology. standard, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, NY, U.S.A. (2001)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat IEEE Std 647-1995: IEEE standard specification format guide and test procedure for single-axis laser gyros. standard, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, NY, U.S.A. (1996) IEEE Std 647-1995: IEEE standard specification format guide and test procedure for single-axis laser gyros. standard, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, NY, U.S.A. (1996)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Jahn, J., Batzer, U., Seitz, J., Patino-Studencka, L., Gutiérrez Boronat, J.: Comparison and evaluation of acceleration based step length estimators for handheld devices. In: Proc. Int. Conf. on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation, pp. 1–6. Zurich, Switzerland (2010) Jahn, J., Batzer, U., Seitz, J., Patino-Studencka, L., Gutiérrez Boronat, J.: Comparison and evaluation of acceleration based step length estimators for handheld devices. In: Proc. Int. Conf. on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation, pp. 1–6. Zurich, Switzerland (2010)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Kantola, J., Perttunen, M., Leppänen, T., Collin, J., Riekki, J.: Context awareness for GPS-enabled phones. In: Proc. ION ITM, pp. 117–124. San Diego, CA (2010) Kantola, J., Perttunen, M., Leppänen, T., Collin, J., Riekki, J.: Context awareness for GPS-enabled phones. In: Proc. ION ITM, pp. 117–124. San Diego, CA (2010)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Käppi, J., Syrjärinne, J., Saarinen, J.: MEMS-IMU based pedestrian navigator for handheld devices. In: Proc. ION GPS, pp. 1369–1373. Salt Lake City, UT (2001) Käppi, J., Syrjärinne, J., Saarinen, J.: MEMS-IMU based pedestrian navigator for handheld devices. In: Proc. ION GPS, pp. 1369–1373. Salt Lake City, UT (2001)
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Keshner, M.S.: 1 ∕ f noise. Proc. IEEE 70(3), 212–218 (1982)CrossRef Keshner, M.S.: 1 ∕ f noise. Proc. IEEE 70(3), 212–218 (1982)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirkko-Jaakkola, M., Collin, J., Takala, J.: Bias prediction for MEMS gyroscopes. IEEE Sensors J. (2012). DOI 10.1109/JSEN.2012.2185692 Kirkko-Jaakkola, M., Collin, J., Takala, J.: Bias prediction for MEMS gyroscopes. IEEE Sensors J. (2012). DOI 10.1109/JSEN.2012.2185692
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Könönen, V., Mäntyjärvi, J., Similä, H., Pärkkä, J., Ermes, M.: Automatic feature selection for context recognition in mobile devices. Pervasive Mob. Comput. 6, 181–197 (2010)CrossRef Könönen, V., Mäntyjärvi, J., Similä, H., Pärkkä, J., Ermes, M.: Automatic feature selection for context recognition in mobile devices. Pervasive Mob. Comput. 6, 181–197 (2010)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Krobka, N.I.: Differential methods of identifying gyro noise structure. Gyroscopy and Navigation 2, 126–137 (2011)CrossRef Krobka, N.I.: Differential methods of identifying gyro noise structure. Gyroscopy and Navigation 2, 126–137 (2011)CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Ladetto, Q.: On foot navigation: continuous step calibration using both complementary recursive prediction and adaptive Kalman filtering. In: Proc. ION GPS, pp. 1735–1740. Salt Lake City, UT (2000) Ladetto, Q.: On foot navigation: continuous step calibration using both complementary recursive prediction and adaptive Kalman filtering. In: Proc. ION GPS, pp. 1735–1740. Salt Lake City, UT (2000)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Leland, R.P.: Mechanical-thermal noise in MEMS gyroscopes. IEEE Sensors J. 5(3), 493–500 (2005)CrossRef Leland, R.P.: Mechanical-thermal noise in MEMS gyroscopes. IEEE Sensors J. 5(3), 493–500 (2005)CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Levi, R.W., Judd, T.: Dead reckoning navigational system using accelerometer to measure foot impacts. U.S. Patent 5,583,776 (1996) Levi, R.W., Judd, T.: Dead reckoning navigational system using accelerometer to measure foot impacts. U.S. Patent 5,583,776 (1996)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Meriheinä, U.: Method and device for measuring the progress of a moving person. U.S. Patent 7,962,309 (2007) Meriheinä, U.: Method and device for measuring the progress of a moving person. U.S. Patent 7,962,309 (2007)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Mezentsev, O., Collin, J., Lachapelle, G.: Pedestrian Dead Reckoning – A Solution to Navigation in GPS Signal Degraded Areas. Geomatica 59(2), 175–182 (2005) Mezentsev, O., Collin, J., Lachapelle, G.: Pedestrian Dead Reckoning – A Solution to Navigation in GPS Signal Degraded Areas. Geomatica 59(2), 175–182 (2005)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Misra, P., Enge, P.: Global Positioning System: Signals, Measurements, and Performance, 2nd edn. Ganga–Jamuna Press (2006) Misra, P., Enge, P.: Global Positioning System: Signals, Measurements, and Performance, 2nd edn. Ganga–Jamuna Press (2006)
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Roetenberg, D., Luinge, H., Slycke, P.: Xsens MVN: Full 6DOF human motion tracking using miniature inertial sensors. Tech. rep., Xsens Motion Technologies BV (2009) Roetenberg, D., Luinge, H., Slycke, P.: Xsens MVN: Full 6DOF human motion tracking using miniature inertial sensors. Tech. rep., Xsens Motion Technologies BV (2009)
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Savage, P.G.: Laser gyros in strapdown inertial navigation systems. In: Proc. IEEE Position, Location, and Navigation Symp. San Diego, CA (1976) Savage, P.G.: Laser gyros in strapdown inertial navigation systems. In: Proc. IEEE Position, Location, and Navigation Symp. San Diego, CA (1976)
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Sierociuk, D., Tejado, I., Vinagre, B.M.: Improved fractional Kalman filter and its application to estimation over lossy networks. Signal Process. 91(3), 542–552 (2011)MATHCrossRef Sierociuk, D., Tejado, I., Vinagre, B.M.: Improved fractional Kalman filter and its application to estimation over lossy networks. Signal Process. 91(3), 542–552 (2011)MATHCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Stirling, R., Collin, J., Fyfe, K., Lachapelle, G.: An innovative shoe-mounted pedestrian navigation system. In: Proc. ENC GNSS, pp. 110–115. Graz, Austria (2003) Stirling, R., Collin, J., Fyfe, K., Lachapelle, G.: An innovative shoe-mounted pedestrian navigation system. In: Proc. ENC GNSS, pp. 110–115. Graz, Austria (2003)
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Syrjärinne, J., Käppi, J.: Method and apparatus for lowering power use by a ranging receiver. U.S. Patent 7,409,188 (2008) Syrjärinne, J., Käppi, J.: Method and apparatus for lowering power use by a ranging receiver. U.S. Patent 7,409,188 (2008)
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Titterton, D.H., Weston, J.L.: Strapdown Inertial Navigation Technology, 2nd edn. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA (2004)CrossRef Titterton, D.H., Weston, J.L.: Strapdown Inertial Navigation Technology, 2nd edn. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA (2004)CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Voss, R.F.: 1 ∕ f (flicker) noise: A brief review. In: Proc. 33rd Ann. Symp. Frequency Control, pp. 40–46 (1979) Voss, R.F.: 1 ∕ f (flicker) noise: A brief review. In: Proc. 33rd Ann. Symp. Frequency Control, pp. 40–46 (1979)
31.
Zurück zum Zitat VTI Technologies Oy: SCC1300-D04 combined gyroscope and 3-axis accelerometer with digital SPI interfaces. rev. 1.0.3. Doc.Nr. 82 1131 00 A, Data sheet (2010) VTI Technologies Oy: SCC1300-D04 combined gyroscope and 3-axis accelerometer with digital SPI interfaces. rev. 1.0.3. Doc.Nr. 82 1131 00 A, Data sheet (2010)
32.
Metadaten
Titel
Inertial Sensors and Their Applications
verfasst von
Jussi Collin
Pavel Davidson
Martti Kirkko-Jaakkola
Helena Leppäkoski
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer New York
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6859-2_3

Neuer Inhalt