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Erschienen in:
Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

10. The Caribbean

verfasst von : Carlos E. Ludena

Erschienen in: Sustainable Development of Biofuels in Latin America and the Caribbean

Verlag: Springer New York

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Abstract

This chapter analyzes the potential and current status of ethanol and biodiesel production in Caribbean countries. It first assesses the potential for biofuel production, given actual feedstock availability in these countries, and potential biofuel mandates. It then analyzes the current situation of biofuel production, and the impacts that trade policies, such as the Caribbean Basin Initiative, have had on investments in biofuels in the last several years. The largest biofuel sectors in the region are for sugarcane-based ethanol production in Jamaica, Cuba, and Trinidad and Tobago. The chapter surveys the status of nine individual countries and territories, and reviews the current situation of biofuel production, based on the latest available information from published literature and media press releases.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Mexico
Nächstes Kapitel Conclusions
Fußnoten
1
Jatropha curcas is not included in the analysis because the FAO does not currently record data on production of this crop, nor is it included in the FAO/IIASA database.
 
2
The Caribbean countries for which FAO/IIASA data are available include Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Jamaica. FAO data show that there is no production of oil palm fruit, soybeans, sugar cane, maize, sorghum, or cassava in Anguilla, Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Turks and Caicos Islands. For those countries present in the FAO database, but not in FAO/IIASA, we present only the average harvested areas for the period 2008–2011.
 
3
The estimates of potential expansion are mutually exclusive between crops, as suitable areas of production for certain crops may overlap, not only among biofuel crops, but for other food crops too.
 
4
However, any land use for biofuel production seems unlikely, given the current policies in place as explained later in this chapter.
 
5
Organization of American States and Winrock International (2011) note that there are 47,000 ha of suitable land available for sugar cane production to supply all domestic demand (sugar, molasses, and rum production), including an E10 blend of gasoline. This amount of land is comparable to what has been estimated here, which is around 42,000 ha (the current 27,000 ha plus the additional 15,000 for the E10 blend).
 
6
The CBERA covers Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Panama, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago.
 
7
The IDB has also developed a Sustainability Scorecard for Biofuels (www.​iadb.​org/​biofuelsscorecar​d) to evaluate projects on various aspects of sustainability such as crop management and social impacts.
 
8
The US Virgin Islands produced ethanol only between 2007 and 2009; we present that information later on in the chapter.
 
9
However, as noted in other chapters, Jatropha may compete with food crops for land.
 
10
Most statistics of production of Jatropha are either not available or not very unreliable. Jatropha Book (2013), a social networking website for Jatropha developers and researchers, notes the Dominican Republic has 10,000 ha under production at the time of writing. However, the reader should take this information with caution, as the statistics have not been independently verified.
 
11
In addition, there are several Haitian projects listed in the Jatropha Book database (Jatropha Book 2013). As with the projects in the Dominican Republic, little data are available and the projects’ current status is unknown.
 
Literatur
Blechinger PFH, Shah KU (2011) A multi-criteria evaluation of policy instruments for climate change mitigation in the power generation sector of Trinidad and Tobago. Energ Policy 39(10):331–6343
Fischer G, Texeira E, Tohne Hizsnyik E, Velthuizen H van (2008) Land use dynamics and sugar cane production. In: Zuurbier P, van de Vooren J (eds) Sugar cane ethanol. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Franco R (2011) Reintroduction of natural gas as alternate transportation fuel in Trinidad and Tobago. Port of Spain: National Gas Company of Trinidad and Tobago—Natural Gas Vehicle Task Force, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
Goddard R (2007) Biofuels in Barbados. Paper presented at the II Latin American and Caribbean Biofuels Seminar, San Salvador, El Salvador, 26–28 September
Gómez FR (2011) Situación biocombustibles en República Dominicana. Paper presented at the V Latin American and Caribbean Biofuels Seminar, San Salvador, El Salvador, 20 November–1 December
Gómez FR (2012) Situación biocombustibles en República Dominicana. Paper presented at the VI Latin American and Caribbean Biofuels Seminar, Cuernavaca, Mexico, 17 August 2012
Ministry of Energy and Mining of Jamaica (2010) National Biofuels Policy 2010–2030, Kingston, Jamaica
Nathaniel C (2012) The implementation of a sustainable biodiesel industry in Trinidad and Tobago. Master of Science Thesis, KTH School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Stockholm
National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST) (2012) Biofuels development in developing economies, summary. Paper presented at the 4th International Conference on Biofuels Standards: Current Issues, Future Trends, Gaithersburg, Maryland
Organization of American States (OAS) (2009) Desarrollo de mercados de biocombustibles en la Republica Dominicana, Washington, DC
Organization of American States (OAS) and Winrock International (2011) Assistance for biofuels development and policy support in Jamaica, Washington, DC
PHS Group (2011) Jatropha biodiesel project—Dominican Republic, document submitted to the Inter-American Development Bank, under project number: ATN/MC-11813-DR, DR-T1063, Washington, DC
Raso C, C Ludeña, A Saucedo, S Astete-Miller, J Hepp and A Vildósola (2007) Producción de biomasa para biocombustibles líquidos: el potencial de América Latina y el Caribe. CEPAL, Serie Desarrollo Productivo No. 187. Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Rothkopf G (2009) A blueprint for green energy in the America, vol 2. Table 6.4a. Legal Framework and Guiding Principles, by Country. Report prepared for the Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC
Vieira de Carvalho A (2009) Biofuels: feasibility analysis and investment recommendation, Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC
Vieira de Carvalho A (2012) Apoyo a biocombustibles. Paper presented at the VI Latin American and Caribbean Biofuels Seminar, Cuernavaca, Mexico, 17 Aug 2012
Worldwatch Institute (2007) Biofuels for transport: global potential and implications for sustainable energy and agriculture. Worldwatch Institute, Washington, DC
Yacobucci BD (2008) Ethanol imports and the Caribbean Basin Initiative. Congressional Research Service, Report to Congress, Washington, DC
Metadaten
Titel
The Caribbean
verfasst von
Carlos E. Ludena
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Verlag
Springer New York
Buch
Sustainable Development of Biofuels in Latin America and the Caribbean

Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-9274-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-9275-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2014

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9275-7_10