12. Final Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter wraps up the discussions on ethnic data collection and positive action for Roma in Europe by summarising the main findings of the book and by making suggestions on how to move forward. Despite their long-term presence in Europe and the achievement of legal equality following the introduction of anti-discrimination legislation and human rights norms, an overwhelming number of Roma remain on the margins of European society due to persistent discrimination and high levels of socio-economic exclusion. The achievement of real and long-term changes is hindered because ethnic data collection and positive action are currently often missing in national policies that aim to improve this ethnic minority’s situation. First, the author looks back at the discussions on the legal feasibility and practical application of ethnic data collection and positive action to combat the discrimination against, and promote the inclusion of, Roma in Europe. Next, this chapter identifies three indispensable elements—awareness-raising, active participation, and genuine political will—that must be in place when using this human rights tool and instrument. The author also formulates several recommendations to EU legislators and policymakers. Some final remarks on trust round up this chapter, and so also this book.