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2015 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Globalization and Public Policy

A European Perspective

herausgegeben von: David Audretsch, Erik Lehmann, Aileen Richardson, Silvio Vismara

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This volume of selected articles was released in light of the new economic, social and environmental challenges Europe and the United States have been faced with following the end of the Cold War and in the evolving era of globalization. National security, immigration, and the provision of health and other key social services call for a radically different outlook in terms of policy discussions. The contributors of this book focus on seven key policy issues and challenges that currently affect the United States and Europe: income distribution, the gender pay gap, crime and security, unemployment, health care, the demographic question, and environmental regulation. The purpose of this volume is to analyze how public policy within the European context is responding to the challenges posed by this new global era.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Introduction
Abstract
This volume analyzes and assess seven key policy issues facing the European Union and the United States and suggest various policy solutions in order to make the U.S. and the EU more competitive in these key sectors. The term globalization has exploded in the literature since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The world is growing ever-more interconnected and because of world’s greater connectivity, there comes a slew of more problems, but also a greater variety of available policy solutions as countries can look to one another. This chapter addresses the effect that globalization has had, particularly on Europe and its partnership with the United States. Furthermore, the chapter introduces the seven topics to be discussed throughout the volume: income distribution, gender pay gap, crime and security, unemployment, health care, demographics, and environmental regulation.
David B. Audretsch, Erik E. Lehmann, Aileen Richardson, Silvio Vismara
The Impact of Globalization on Income Distribution and Income Inequality
Abstract
This paper investigates how globalization is related to income distribution and income inequality, especially in the United States, Germany and Norway. Information on income distribution among the citizenry, causes of inequality, the consequences of inequality, and potential policy solutions will be discussed. Income inequality in advanced, developed countries is resultant of a variety of factors, consisting of, but not limited to, tax policy, financial and capital flows, education access and equality, as well as access to transportation services and the equality thereof. This work examines the impact these variables have on income inequality in the United States, Germany and Norway and moreover suggests potential solutions to combat income inequality and their practicality in the current political and economic environment. The findings indicate that the reviewed factors have a significant impact on the distribution of income and that there are several policy solutions that can serve to meaningfully reduce income inequality in these countries.
Giulia Paola Luongo, Hugo Menendez, Theresa Pautzke, Daniel Rupp, Justin Tait
The Gender Pay Gap
Abstract
The difference between salaries of male and female employees has been persistent despite the effort employed by government agencies in reducing it. The gender pay gap amounts to 16 % in the European Union (EU) and 23 % in the United States (US) in 2011, and has not varied substantially over the last 20 years. In this paper, we provide a detailed picture of the gender pay gap phenomenon by reviewing the contributions provided by previous literature. We also analyze the role played by the increasing globalization on gender wage inequality, and identify both positive and negative effects. Then, we provide a detailed picture of the regulatory interventions implemented so far to deter the gender pay gap, and identify some of the best practices that national governments could adopt as a response to this phenomenon. Finally, we propose alternative strategies and potential solutions aimed at progressively eliminating the gap.
Davide Manetti, Hugo Menendez, Ashley Meruani, Isabella Wagner, Roman Zenetti
Crime and Security in Europe and the US
Abstract
National security issues are always raised after crimes have been committed which attract the attention of the public. Examples can be found manifold: jewelry theft during the international film festival in Cannes, cyber-attacks on bank accounts or tax fraud worth millions of dollars. All those criminal activities lead to the question why those crimes are conducted. The answer to this question seems simple: it pays off. This chapter focuses on the economic motives behind criminal activities as well as highlights three distinct types of crime: violent crime, white-collar crime, and organized crime. As all different crimes result from diverse intentions and are mainly conducted by different social classes, every single characteristic is discussed separately. Since crime is an international phenomenon which is not limited to national borders, security systems and their interconnectedness in Europe and the US are described and explained. Getting a deeper understanding of the motives and causes of crime is crucial to establish an effective judicial system which tries to minimize any kind of crime.
Paolo Ferrucci, Liam Foran, Elisa Hilgers, Matthias Menter, Markus Steinbauer
Recession and Unemployment: A Comparative Analysis of Germany and the United States
Abstract
Unemployment is a long-term, cyclical problem that plagues governments and citizens in states across the globe. During periods of high unemployment, individual citizens struggle to provide basic needs for their families as they continue to search for gainful work. Consequently, governments become hard pressed to produce quality public service in the face of the dipping levels of tax revenue that results from low citizen income. Never has this systemic issue been more apparent than during the most recent economic recession.
In exploring the large and complex phenomena of unemployment, taking a comparative analytical approach can bring useful insights to light. This paper discusses unemployment from the perspective of Germany and the United States. By comparing and contrasting these two highly developed economies and governments, it will be explained how they handle unemployment differently through their public policy practices. Analyzing the differences, successes, and failures of these two nations will then reveal what they can learn from each other as they continue to move forward economically and attempt to prevent another surge in unemployment.
Tanja Bosh, Jonah Otto, Martin Preuβ, Savini Ranaweera
A Cross Comparative Analysis of the U.S., German, and Italian Healthcare System
Abstract
This chapter is a comparison between the German, Italian, and American Healthcare Systems. All three systems are designed to be redistributive and help needy populations receive healthcare. While the American system is treated as ineffective since it does not cover vast portions of the population, problems in Italy are grounded in the local governments and its power on funding the system. And the future of the universal healthcare system in Germany is threatened by a large demographic shift towards an aged population. This chapter briefly compares the health care system in the three countries, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, and illuminates healthcare policy from a global point of view. The chapter ends with some policy recommendations indicating a direction for future global healthcare policies.
James Hennes, Franziska Kieselbach, Robin Klädtke, Katharine Wirsching, Roberta Zucchinali
The Demographic Change in Germany: Implications for the Pension Scheme
Abstract
Similar to other advanced industrialized countries, Germany’s low population growth and aging workforce put considerable pressure on its national pension system. This chapter begins with an overview of the country’s changing demographics and the pressures they place on the pension system. Next, the chapter reviews some of the major reforms that have been implemented to relieve the strain. The closing section considers several policy strategies that might improve the country’s demographic profile and ensure proper functioning of the pension system. Immigration reforms, family support policies, reduction of future pension obligations and public awareness campaigns are among the most likely measures to improve the pension system performance in the long-run.
Steffen Bamann, Mohammad Imran Qureshi, Swita Samimi, Nathan Viets, Daniela Zanga, Elizaveta Kundas
US and German Regulations of CO2 Emissions from Passenger Cars
Abstract
Global air pollution, especially through the burning of fossil fuels, has reached a state of urgency that very soon will not be bearable anymore for the planet. CO2 emissions from passenger vehicles are a major contributing factor to this. A variety of regulations exist to control CO2 emissions, but nations do not share a common goal, a uniform standard. This paper seeks to give an insight into the problem of non-uniform environmental regulations throughout the world. Through the use of primary and secondary sources, it will provide a qualitative case study of CO2 emission regulations for passenger vehicles in Germany and the United States. In the context of an increasingly globalized world, policy recommendations, which will help in harmonizing regulations for all countries, are obtained. These recommendations include incorporating emission standards into the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, attaching a yet greater importance to environmental education and generating homogeneous standards within the automotive sector.
Clayton De Fur, Aileen Richardson, Austin Roach, Gabriela Wiesent
Metadaten
Titel
Globalization and Public Policy
herausgegeben von
David Audretsch
Erik Lehmann
Aileen Richardson
Silvio Vismara
Copyright-Jahr
2015
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-17692-5
Print ISBN
978-3-319-17691-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17692-5

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