Skip to main content

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Probabilistic Timed Graph Transformation Systems

verfasst von : Maria Maximova, Holger Giese, Christian Krause

Erschienen in: Graph Transformation

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Today, software has become an intrinsic part of complex distributed embedded real-time systems. The next generation of embedded real-time systems will interconnect the today unconnected systems via complex software parts and the service-oriented paradigm. Therefore besides timed behavior and probabilistic behavior also structure dynamics, where the architecture can be subject to changes at run-time, e.g. when dynamic binding of service end-points is employed or complex collaborations are established dynamically, is required. However, a modeling and analysis approach that combines all these necessary aspects does not exist so far.
To fill the identified gap, we propose Probabilistic Timed Graph Transformation Systems (PTGTSs) as a high-level description language that supports all the necessary aspects of structure dynamics, timed behavior, and probabilistic behavior. We introduce the formal model of PTGTSs in this paper and present a mapping of models with finite state spaces to probabilistic timed automata (PTA) that allows to use the PRISM model checker to analyze PTGTS models with respect to PTCTL properties.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
An alternative approach for graph transformation systems with time was developed in [11]. However, this approach is not suitable in our context since symbolic state space representations and quantitative analysis methods are not considered in [11].
 
2
Also stochastic graph transformation systems (SGTSs) [13] that incorporate stochastic timed behavior into GTSs by including continuous-time probability distributions that describe the average delay of firing of rules, once they are enabled, have been proposed. However, note that they do neither support probabilistic behavior nor real-time behavior as they assume a different model of time.
 
3
For an arbitrary set M, \(2_{\mathrm {fn}}^{M} \) denotes the set of finite nonempty subsets of M.
 
4
\( rhs (\rho )\) denotes the right-hand side of the rule \(\rho \).
 
5
For the priority function it holds that the higher the number assigned to a rule the higher is the priority of the rule.
 
6
For morphisms between clocks we omit the restricted notation https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-319-61470-0_10/453698_1_En_10_IEq199_HTML.gif and use the unrestricted notation https://static-content.springer.com/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-319-61470-0_10/453698_1_En_10_IEq200_HTML.gif to simplify the representation.
 
7
The range of the considered probabilities for non-successful connection attempts has been taken from [20] where for close range communication and high data rates an error rate of at most 13% has been observed for wireless communication.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Agha, G., Meseguer, J., Sen, K.: PMaude: rewrite-based specification language for probabilistic object systems. ENTCS 153, 213–239 (2006) Agha, G., Meseguer, J., Sen, K.: PMaude: rewrite-based specification language for probabilistic object systems. ENTCS 153, 213–239 (2006)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Becker, B., Giese, H.: On safe service-oriented real-time coordination for autonomous vehicles. In: ISORC 2008, pp. 203–210 (2008) Becker, B., Giese, H.: On safe service-oriented real-time coordination for autonomous vehicles. In: ISORC 2008, pp. 203–210 (2008)
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bouyssounouse, B., Sifakis, J. (eds.): Embedded Systems Design: The ARTIST Roadmap for Research and Development. Springer, Heidelberg (2005) Bouyssounouse, B., Sifakis, J. (eds.): Embedded Systems Design: The ARTIST Roadmap for Research and Development. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Daws, C., Olivero, A., Tripakis, S., Yovine, S.: The tool Kronos. In: Alur, R., Henzinger, T.A., Sontag, E.D. (eds.) HS 1995. LNCS, vol. 1066, pp. 208–219. Springer, Heidelberg (1996). doi:10.1007/BFb0020947 CrossRef Daws, C., Olivero, A., Tripakis, S., Yovine, S.: The tool Kronos. In: Alur, R., Henzinger, T.A., Sontag, E.D. (eds.) HS 1995. LNCS, vol. 1066, pp. 208–219. Springer, Heidelberg (1996). doi:10.​1007/​BFb0020947 CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Ehrig, H., Ehrig, K., Prange, U., Taentzer, G.: Fundamentals of Algebraic Graph Transformation. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)MATH Ehrig, H., Ehrig, K., Prange, U., Taentzer, G.: Fundamentals of Algebraic Graph Transformation. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)MATH
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Giese, H.: Modeling and verification of cooperative self-adaptive mechatronic systems. In: Kordon, F., Sztipanovits, J. (eds.) Monterey Workshop 2005. LNCS, vol. 4322, pp. 258–280. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71156-8_14 CrossRef Giese, H.: Modeling and verification of cooperative self-adaptive mechatronic systems. In: Kordon, F., Sztipanovits, J. (eds.) Monterey Workshop 2005. LNCS, vol. 4322, pp. 258–280. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-540-71156-8_​14 CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Gyapay, S., Varró, D., Heckel, R.: Graph transformation with time. Fundam. Inf. 58, 1–22 (2003)MathSciNetMATH Gyapay, S., Varró, D., Heckel, R.: Graph transformation with time. Fundam. Inf. 58, 1–22 (2003)MathSciNetMATH
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Habel, A., Heckel, R., Taentzer, G.: Graph grammars with negative application conditions. Fundam. Inf. 26(3,4), 287–313 (1996)MathSciNetMATH Habel, A., Heckel, R., Taentzer, G.: Graph grammars with negative application conditions. Fundam. Inf. 26(3,4), 287–313 (1996)MathSciNetMATH
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Heckel, R., Lajios, G., Menge, S.: Stochastic graph transformation systems. Fundam. Inf. 74, 63–84 (2006)MathSciNetMATH Heckel, R., Lajios, G., Menge, S.: Stochastic graph transformation systems. Fundam. Inf. 74, 63–84 (2006)MathSciNetMATH
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Henzinger, T.A., Kupferman, O.: From quantity to quality. In: Maler, O. (ed.) HART 1997. LNCS, vol. 1201, pp. 48–62. Springer, Heidelberg (1997). doi:10.1007/BFb0014712 CrossRef Henzinger, T.A., Kupferman, O.: From quantity to quality. In: Maler, O. (ed.) HART 1997. LNCS, vol. 1201, pp. 48–62. Springer, Heidelberg (1997). doi:10.​1007/​BFb0014712 CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Kastenberg, H., Rensink, A.: Model checking dynamic states in GROOVE. In: Valmari, A. (ed.) SPIN 2006. LNCS, vol. 3925, pp. 299–305. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). doi:10.1007/11691617_19 CrossRef Kastenberg, H., Rensink, A.: Model checking dynamic states in GROOVE. In: Valmari, A. (ed.) SPIN 2006. LNCS, vol. 3925, pp. 299–305. Springer, Heidelberg (2006). doi:10.​1007/​11691617_​19 CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Krause, C., Giese, H.: Probabilistic graph transformation systems. In: Ehrig, H., Engels, G., Kreowski, H.-J., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) ICGT 2012. LNCS, vol. 7562, pp. 311–325. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33654-6_21 CrossRef Krause, C., Giese, H.: Probabilistic graph transformation systems. In: Ehrig, H., Engels, G., Kreowski, H.-J., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) ICGT 2012. LNCS, vol. 7562, pp. 311–325. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-33654-6_​21 CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D.: PRISM 4.0: verification of probabilistic real-time systems. In: Gopalakrishnan, G., Qadeer, S. (eds.) CAV 2011. LNCS, vol. 6806, pp. 585–591. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22110-1_47 CrossRef Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D.: PRISM 4.0: verification of probabilistic real-time systems. In: Gopalakrishnan, G., Qadeer, S. (eds.) CAV 2011. LNCS, vol. 6806, pp. 585–591. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-22110-1_​47 CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Sproston, J., Wang, F.: Symbolic model checking for probabilistic timed automata. Inf. Comput. 205, 1027–1077 (2007)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Sproston, J., Wang, F.: Symbolic model checking for probabilistic timed automata. Inf. Comput. 205, 1027–1077 (2007)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwiatkowska, M.Z., Norman, G., Segala, R., Sproston, J.: Automatic verification of real-time systems with discrete probability distributions. TCS 282(1), 101–150 (2002)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Kwiatkowska, M.Z., Norman, G., Segala, R., Sproston, J.: Automatic verification of real-time systems with discrete probability distributions. TCS 282(1), 101–150 (2002)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Lan, K., Chou, C., Jin, D.: The effect of 802.11 a on DSRC for ETC communication. In: WCNC 2012, pp. 2483–2487 (2012) Lan, K., Chou, C., Jin, D.: The effect of 802.11 a on DSRC for ETC communication. In: WCNC 2012, pp. 2483–2487 (2012)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Maximova, M., Giese, H., Krause, C.: Probabilistic timed graph transformation systems. Technical report 118, Hasso-Plattner Institute at the University of Potsdam (2017) Maximova, M., Giese, H., Krause, C.: Probabilistic timed graph transformation systems. Technical report 118, Hasso-Plattner Institute at the University of Potsdam (2017)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Neumann, S.: Modellierung und Verifikation zeitbehafteter Graphtransformationssysteme mittels Groove. Master’s thesis, University of Paderborn (2007) Neumann, S.: Modellierung und Verifikation zeitbehafteter Graphtransformationssysteme mittels Groove. Master’s thesis, University of Paderborn (2007)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Ölveczky, P.C., Meseguer, J.: Semantics and pragmatics of real-time Maude. HOSC 20, 161–196 (2007)MATH Ölveczky, P.C., Meseguer, J.: Semantics and pragmatics of real-time Maude. HOSC 20, 161–196 (2007)MATH
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Schäfer, W., Wehrheim, H.: The challenges of building advanced mechatronic systems. In: FOSE 2007, pp. 72–84 (2007) Schäfer, W., Wehrheim, H.: The challenges of building advanced mechatronic systems. In: FOSE 2007, pp. 72–84 (2007)
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Segala, R.: Modeling and verification of randomized distributed real-time systems. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1996) Segala, R.: Modeling and verification of randomized distributed real-time systems. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1996)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Sen, K., Viswanathan, M., Agha, G.A.: VESTA: a statistical model-checker and analyzer for probabilistic systems. In: QEST 2005, pp. 251–252 (2005) Sen, K., Viswanathan, M., Agha, G.A.: VESTA: a statistical model-checker and analyzer for probabilistic systems. In: QEST 2005, pp. 251–252 (2005)
Metadaten
Titel
Probabilistic Timed Graph Transformation Systems
verfasst von
Maria Maximova
Holger Giese
Christian Krause
Copyright-Jahr
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61470-0_10

Premium Partner