Skip to main content

2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Q-matrix Extraction from Real Response Data Using Nonnegative Matrix Factorizations

verfasst von : Gabriella Casalino, Ciro Castiello, Nicoletta Del Buono, Flavia Esposito, Corrado Mencar

Erschienen in: Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2017

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this paper we illustrate the use of Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) to analyze real data derived from an e-learning context. NMF is a matrix decomposition method which extracts latent information from data in such a way that it can be easily interpreted by humans. Particularly, the NMF of a score matrix can automatically generate the so called Q-matrix. In an e-learning scenario, the Q-matrix describes the abilities to be acquired by students to correctly answer evaluation exams. An example on real response data illustrates the effectiveness of this factorization method as a tool for EDM.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
The actual values of W and H have been normalized to allow the heatmap representation.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Alonso, J.M., Castiello, C., Mencar, C.: Interpretability of fuzzy systems: current research trends and prospects. In: Kacprzyk, J., Pedrycz, W. (eds.) Springer Handbook of Computational Intelligence, pp. 219–237. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). doi:10.1007/978-3-662-43505-2_14 CrossRef Alonso, J.M., Castiello, C., Mencar, C.: Interpretability of fuzzy systems: current research trends and prospects. In: Kacprzyk, J., Pedrycz, W. (eds.) Springer Handbook of Computational Intelligence, pp. 219–237. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-662-43505-2_​14 CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Beheshti, B., Desmarais, M.C., Naceur, R.: Methods to find the number of latent skills. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, EDM 2012, pp. 81–86 (2012) Beheshti, B., Desmarais, M.C., Naceur, R.: Methods to find the number of latent skills. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, EDM 2012, pp. 81–86 (2012)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Berry, M.W., Browne, M., Langville, A.N., Pauca, V.P., Plemmons, R.J.: Algorithms and applications for approximate nonnegative matrix factorization. Comput. Stat. Data Anal. 52, 155–173 (2007)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Berry, M.W., Browne, M., Langville, A.N., Pauca, V.P., Plemmons, R.J.: Algorithms and applications for approximate nonnegative matrix factorization. Comput. Stat. Data Anal. 52, 155–173 (2007)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Brunet, J.P., Tamayo, P., Golub, T.R., Mesirov, J.P.: Metagenes and molecular pattern discovery using matrix factorization. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 101(12), 4164–4169 (2004)CrossRef Brunet, J.P., Tamayo, P., Golub, T.R., Mesirov, J.P.: Metagenes and molecular pattern discovery using matrix factorization. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 101(12), 4164–4169 (2004)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Del Buono, N., Esposito, F., Fumarola, F., Boccarelli, A., Coluccia, M.: Breast cancer’s microarray data: pattern discovery using nonnegative matrix factorizations. In: Pardalos, P.M., Conca, P., Giuffrida, G., Nicosia, G. (eds.) MOD 2016. LNCS, vol. 10122, pp. 281–292. Springer, Cham (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51469-7_24 CrossRef Del Buono, N., Esposito, F., Fumarola, F., Boccarelli, A., Coluccia, M.: Breast cancer’s microarray data: pattern discovery using nonnegative matrix factorizations. In: Pardalos, P.M., Conca, P., Giuffrida, G., Nicosia, G. (eds.) MOD 2016. LNCS, vol. 10122, pp. 281–292. Springer, Cham (2016). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-319-51469-7_​24 CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Casalino, G., Del Buono, N., Mencar, C.: Subtractive clustering for seeding non-negative matrix factorizations. Inf. Sci. 257, 369–387 (2014)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Casalino, G., Del Buono, N., Mencar, C.: Subtractive clustering for seeding non-negative matrix factorizations. Inf. Sci. 257, 369–387 (2014)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Casalino, G., Del Buono, N., Mencar, C.: Non negative matrix factorizations for intelligent data analysis. In: Naik, G.R. (ed.) Non-negative Matrix Factorization Techniques: Advances in Theory and Applications. SCT, pp. 49–74. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48331-2_2 CrossRef Casalino, G., Del Buono, N., Mencar, C.: Non negative matrix factorizations for intelligent data analysis. In: Naik, G.R. (ed.) Non-negative Matrix Factorization Techniques: Advances in Theory and Applications. SCT, pp. 49–74. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-662-48331-2_​2 CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Desmarais, M.C.: Conditions for effectively deriving a q-matrix from data with non-negative matrix factorization (2011) Desmarais, M.C.: Conditions for effectively deriving a q-matrix from data with non-negative matrix factorization (2011)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Desmarais, M.C., Beheshti, B., Naceur, R.: Item to skills mapping: deriving a conjunctive q-matrix from data. In: Cerri, S.A., Clancey, W.J., Papadourakis, G., Panourgia, K. (eds.) ITS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7315, pp. 454–463. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30950-2_58 CrossRef Desmarais, M.C., Beheshti, B., Naceur, R.: Item to skills mapping: deriving a conjunctive q-matrix from data. In: Cerri, S.A., Clancey, W.J., Papadourakis, G., Panourgia, K. (eds.) ITS 2012. LNCS, vol. 7315, pp. 454–463. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-30950-2_​58 CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Desmarais, M.C., Naceur, R.: A matrix factorization method for mapping items to skills and for enhancing expert-based q-matrices. In: Lane, H.C., Yacef, K., Mostow, J., Pavlik, P. (eds.) AIED 2013. LNCS, vol. 7926, pp. 441–450. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39112-5_45 CrossRef Desmarais, M.C., Naceur, R.: A matrix factorization method for mapping items to skills and for enhancing expert-based q-matrices. In: Lane, H.C., Yacef, K., Mostow, J., Pavlik, P. (eds.) AIED 2013. LNCS, vol. 7926, pp. 441–450. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-39112-5_​45 CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Donoho, D., Stodden, V.: When does non-negative matrix factorization give a correct decomposition into parts? In: Thrun, S., Saul, L., Schölkopf, B. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16. MIT Press, Cambridge (2004) Donoho, D., Stodden, V.: When does non-negative matrix factorization give a correct decomposition into parts? In: Thrun, S., Saul, L., Schölkopf, B. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16. MIT Press, Cambridge (2004)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaujoux, R., Seoighe, C.: A flexible R package for nonnegative matrix factorization. BMC Bioinform. 11(1), 1 (2010)CrossRef Gaujoux, R., Seoighe, C.: A flexible R package for nonnegative matrix factorization. BMC Bioinform. 11(1), 1 (2010)CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Gillis, N.: The Why and How of Nonnegative Matrix Factorization. Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition Series. Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (2014). pp. 257–291 Gillis, N.: The Why and How of Nonnegative Matrix Factorization. Machine Learning and Pattern Recognition Series. Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (2014). pp. 257–291
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Gulliksen, H.: Theory of Mental Tests. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1950)CrossRef Gulliksen, H.: Theory of Mental Tests. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale (1950)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Hutchins, L.N., Murphy, S.M., Singh, P., Graber, J.H.: Position-dependent motif characterization using non-negative matrix factorization. Bioinformatics 24, 2684–2690 (2008)CrossRef Hutchins, L.N., Murphy, S.M., Singh, P., Graber, J.H.: Position-dependent motif characterization using non-negative matrix factorization. Bioinformatics 24, 2684–2690 (2008)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, H., Park, H.: Nonnegative matrix factorization based on alternating nonnegativity constrained least squares and active set method. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 30(2), 713–730 (2008)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Kim, H., Park, H.: Nonnegative matrix factorization based on alternating nonnegativity constrained least squares and active set method. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 30(2), 713–730 (2008)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, D.D., Seung, H.S.: Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization. In: Proceedings of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems Conference, vol. 13, pp. 556–562. MIT Press (2000) Lee, D.D., Seung, H.S.: Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization. In: Proceedings of the Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems Conference, vol. 13, pp. 556–562. MIT Press (2000)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Little, R.J.A.: A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 83(404), 1198–1202 (1988)MathSciNetCrossRef Little, R.J.A.: A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 83(404), 1198–1202 (1988)MathSciNetCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Lord, F.: A theory of test scores. Psychometrika Monogr. 7 (1952) Lord, F.: A theory of test scores. Psychometrika Monogr. 7 (1952)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Mencar, C., Castiello, C., Fanelli, A.M.: Fuzzy user profiling in e-learning contexts. In: Lovrek, I., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C. (eds.) KES 2008. LNCS, vol. 5178, pp. 230–237. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85565-1_29 CrossRef Mencar, C., Castiello, C., Fanelli, A.M.: Fuzzy user profiling in e-learning contexts. In: Lovrek, I., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C. (eds.) KES 2008. LNCS, vol. 5178, pp. 230–237. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-540-85565-1_​29 CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Mencar, C., Torsello, M., Dell’Agnello, D., Castellano, G., Castiello, C.: Modeling user preferences through adaptive fuzzy profiles. In: ISDA 2009–9th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, pp. 1031–1036 (2009) Mencar, C., Torsello, M., Dell’Agnello, D., Castellano, G., Castiello, C.: Modeling user preferences through adaptive fuzzy profiles. In: ISDA 2009–9th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, pp. 1031–1036 (2009)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Monti, S., Tamayo, P., Mesirov, J., Golub, T.: Consensus clustering: a resampling-based method for class discovery and visualization of gene expression microarray data. Mach. Learn. 52(1), 91–118 (2003)CrossRefMATH Monti, S., Tamayo, P., Mesirov, J., Golub, T.: Consensus clustering: a resampling-based method for class discovery and visualization of gene expression microarray data. Mach. Learn. 52(1), 91–118 (2003)CrossRefMATH
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Oeda, S., Yamanishi, K.: Extracting time-evolving latent skills from examination time series. In: EDM2013, pp. 340–341 (2013) Oeda, S., Yamanishi, K.: Extracting time-evolving latent skills from examination time series. In: EDM2013, pp. 340–341 (2013)
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Romero, C., Ventura, S.: Data mining in education. WIREs Data Min. Knowl. Discov. 3, 12–27 (2013)CrossRef Romero, C., Ventura, S.: Data mining in education. WIREs Data Min. Knowl. Discov. 3, 12–27 (2013)CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Silva, C., Fonseca, J.: Educational data mining: a literature review. In: Rocha, Á., Serrhini, M., Felgueiras, C. (eds.) Europe and MENA Cooperation Advances in Information and Communication Technologies. AISC, vol. 520, pp. 87–94. Springer, Cham (2017). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46568-5_9 CrossRef Silva, C., Fonseca, J.: Educational data mining: a literature review. In: Rocha, Á., Serrhini, M., Felgueiras, C. (eds.) Europe and MENA Cooperation Advances in Information and Communication Technologies. AISC, vol. 520, pp. 87–94. Springer, Cham (2017). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-319-46568-5_​9 CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Tatsuoka, K.K.: Rule space: an approach for dealing with misconceptions based on item response theory. J. Educ. Measur. 20(4), 345–354 (1983)CrossRef Tatsuoka, K.K.: Rule space: an approach for dealing with misconceptions based on item response theory. J. Educ. Measur. 20(4), 345–354 (1983)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Q-matrix Extraction from Real Response Data Using Nonnegative Matrix Factorizations
verfasst von
Gabriella Casalino
Ciro Castiello
Nicoletta Del Buono
Flavia Esposito
Corrado Mencar
Copyright-Jahr
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62392-4_15

Premium Partner