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2009 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Innovations in Digital Watermarking Techniques

verfasst von: Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Studies in Computational Intelligence

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

Information security and copyright protection are more important today than before. Digital watermarking is one of the widely used techniques used in the world in the area of information security.

This book introduces a number of digital watermarking techniques and is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the importance of watermarking techniques and intelligent technology. The second part includes a number of watermarking techniques. The third part includes the hybrid watermarking techniques and the final part presents conclusions.

This book is directed to students, professors, researchers and application engineers who are interested in the area of information security.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Introduction and Background

Frontmatter
Introduction
Abstract
With the rapid development of digital technology, the treatments for digital data such as copyright protection and ownership demonstration are becoming more and more of greater importance. Due to this, the motivation and the goals of this book are to introduce some watermarking methods for solving the problems encountered. In this chapter, the reasons why digital watermarking and intelligent techniques are significant in providing solutions for problems in the current digital world are introduced. The motivation, the aims, and the organisation of this book are then introduced in the following sections. Some test images used in the experiments and some notes regarding the introduced systems are also given in this chapter.
Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain
Digital Watermarking Techniques
Abstract
In this chapter, some basic concepts about digital watermarking are described in as general terms as possible. An introduction is given first. The classification of watermarking, the functions provided by watermarking, and the benchmarks and evaluating measurements for watermarking systems are then introduced in the following sections.
Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain
Intelligent Techniques
Abstract
In this chapter, the reasons for considering optimization techniques in the watermarking research area is explained. The fundamental knowledge of genetic algorithms and tabu search are then introduced. With the knowledge of optimization techniques, we can design some training procedures for watermarking techniques. In Part 2 of this book, some training procedures proposed in the literature for optimizing the developed watermarking schemes will be introduced.
Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain

Intelligent Watermarking

Frontmatter
Spatial-Based Watermarking Schemes and Pixel Selection
Abstract
Spatial domain based watermarking is one of the fundamental techniques at the beginning of digital watermarking. Generally speaking, spatial domain based watermarking schemes possess the advantages, such as easy implementation and low complexity, than other domain based watermarking schemes. But also, they posses the shortages like weak robustness and non-practical usage than other domain based watermarking schemes.
In this chapter, we concentrate on spatial domain based watermarking techniques and the procedure that improves their performance. We begin with the introduction of this area in the first section, then follow by illustrating two spatial-based watermarking schemes in the second section. The first scheme is the last-significant-bit (LSB) modification method, which is a well-known classical scheme. The second one is a pixel surrounding method, which provides better robustness. Experimental results and comparison are also given in this section. In the third section, a training procedure called genetic pixel selection (GPS) is introduced. It takes the considered methods of attack into account, and employs genetic algorithms to find a better way to select a number of pixels from the cover image to carry the watermark signal. Comparisons of the simulation results with and without the GPS procedure are addressed in the fourth section. Finally, the last section summarises this chapter.
Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain
Discrete Cosine Transform Based Watermarking Scheme and Band Selection
Abstract
Compared with spatial domain based watermarking techniques, transform domain based watermarking techniques have become the main stream of this research area for a long time, since transform domain based watermarking schemes can provide not only good watermarked image quality, but also stronger robustness under general attacks or noise affection. In this chapter, our focus is shifting to the transform domain based watermarking scheme, where a watermarking scheme based on the most popular discrete cosine transform (DCT) is presented. The DCT-based scheme first transforms the cover image into frequency domain. It then selects a number of DCT bands according to the user-specified key and modifies these bands to carry the watermark bits. To have better coding results, the concept of introducing intelligent techniques into the watermarking scheme is employed again. Here a training procedure named genetic band selection (GBS) is illustrated. It employs the genetic algorithm (GA) to select a group of suitable DCT bands for watermarking. The trained result is then used in the mentioned DCT-based watermarking scheme. With the trained result of the GBS procedure, we expect the original watermarking scheme could have better performance.
We begin with the introduction of the general background in Sect.5.1, then detail the DCT-based watermarking method in Sect.5.2. Experimental results, comparisons, and discussions are also included in this section. In Sect.5.3, the GBS procedure is explained. Here except the demonstration of the simulation results, comparisons and discussions are also given here to highlight its performance. Finally, Sect.5.4 summarises this chapter.
Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain
Vector Quantisation Based Watermarking Schemes and Codebook Partition
Abstract
Watermarking techniques based on vector quantisation (VQ) have been getting more and more popular in recent years, since they enhance the traditional VQ systems by adding the ability of watermarking. In this chapter, our focus is on VQ-based watermarking schemes and the training procedure which improves the performance of the watermarking schemes introduced. We begin with the introduction of the general background in Sect.6.1, then illustrate the traditional VQ coding method in Sect.6.2. In Sect.6.3 three watermarking schemes are presented. Experimental results, comparisons, and discussions are also included in this section. In Sect.6.4, a training procedure named genetic codebook partition (GCP) is introduced. It employs the genetic algorithm (GA) to find a better way to split the codebook used, so that the trained result can be used in the mentioned VQ-based watermarking scheme to provide better watermarking results. Experimental results, comparisons, and discussions presented will hi-light its performance. Finally, Sect.6.5 summarises this chapter.
Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain
Genetic Index Assignment
Abstract
To increase the capacity of a watermarking system, compressing the original watermark into a smaller size is one of the reasonable solutions. In this chapter, a VQ-based coding procedure [100] [101] with an index-assignment procedure is illustrated for general watermarking schemes to enlarge their capacity. It employs the VQ operator to compress the gray watermark and adjusts the compressed result according to an index table. Then, a genetic index assignment (GIA) [96] procedure is introduced to find a better way to assign the indices in order to have better imperceptibility.
Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain
Genetic Watermark Modification
Abstract
Two watermark modification methods – a lossless method and a lossy method – and a GA training procedure for improving the performance of general watermarking schemes are introduced in this chapter. These methods improve the imperceptibility and embedding capacity by modifying and compressing the original watermark according to the block table given and the indices assigned. Also, by introducing the GA training procedure, a better way to assign the indices according to the signal of the cover image can be found. This therefore provides better imperceptibility.
Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain

Hybrid Systems of Digital Watermarking

Frontmatter
Watermarking Based on Multiple Description VQ
Abstract
Considering transferring watermarked data over channels, we may encounter one question: can the signals of the embedded watermark(s) survived under the noise of the channels? In this chapter, unlike the watermarking systems introduced previously which apply artificial procedures (or attacks in other term) to test the robustness, we focus on the channel noise and introduce a hybrid watermarking scheme to overcome the losses caused by channel errors. The system is based on VQ and multiple description coding (MDC), and also has the ability of embedding dual watermarks. The VQ-based watermarking system first modifies the VQ indices to hide the first watermark, as illustrated in Chap.6, and applies the well-known traditional LSB scheme to hide the second watermark, as introduced in Chap.4. The concept of MDC is then employed to generate the considered number of descriptions, which are transmitted to the receivers via different channels. On the receiver side, accoring to the number of descriptions received, the embedded dual watermarks can be extracted by applying the corresponding inverse embedding procedures. At the end of this chapter, we present the simulation results to highlight the superiority of this scheme.
Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain
Fake Watermark Embedding Scheme Based on Multi-Stage VQ
Abstract
A multiple fake-watermark embedding system based on multi-stage vector quantisation (MSVQ) for security enhancement is given in this chapter. This system first creates a non-recognizable reference watermark by referring to the genuine watermark and a number of fake watermarks. It then performs the MSVQ to encode the cover image. In each stage of the MSVQ system, a polarity stream is established according to the VQ indices obtained. The exclusive-OR (XOR) operation is then applied to the polarity and the corresponding watermark, which may be a fake watermark or the reference watermark, so that a user key can be created. To reveal the genuine watermark, the MSVQ is first performed on the watermarked image. In each stage of the MSVQ system, a watermark can be extracted using the key generated previously. By stacking all the extracted watermarks together, the original watermark can be recovered.
Due to the use of visible fake watermarks, the security of the watermarking system is improved. Moveover, by assigning the keys generated to the related users, the introduced system allows multi-users to share the hidden information together.
Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain
Watermarking with Visual Cryptography and Gain-Shape VQ
Abstract
Employing the concept of visual cryptography to design a watermarking scheme is introduced in this chapter. A modified visual cryptography is applied to split the genuine watermark into two shadow watermarks. The gain-shape vector quantisation (GSVQ) procedure is then performed to encode the cover image. Afterwards, the shadow watermarks and the VQ indices obtained are processed to generate two user-keys.
The watermarking system presented possesses a number of advantages, including easy implementation (the structure of the GSVQ system is not altered) and stronger security. Experimental results will show its performance.
Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain

Summary

Frontmatter
Conclusions and Future Directions
Abstract
In this chapter, we conclude the book by emphasizing the contribution of the introduced watermarking techniques, and propose some possible further research directions for digital watermarking.
Feng-Hsing Wang, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Lakhmi C. Jain
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Innovations in Digital Watermarking Techniques
verfasst von
Feng-Hsing Wang
Jeng-Shyang Pan
Lakhmi C. Jain
Copyright-Jahr
2009
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-642-03187-8
Print ISBN
978-3-642-03186-1
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03187-8

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