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2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. European Space Activities in the Global Context

verfasst von : Cenan Al-Ekabi

Erschienen in: Yearbook on Space Policy 2011/2012

Verlag: Springer Vienna

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Abstract

In the reporting period covering the second half of 2011 and the first half of 2012, the world economy seemed to be on a successful path out of the financial and economic crisis. The booming economies of China, India, Brazil, Russia in particular, and some other emerging and developing countries were providing impetus to global economic recovery. Due to strong export orientation, industrialised countries, such as Germany, had benefitted from demand from these countries. Thus Germany had record growth rates and declining unemployment.

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Nächstes Kapitel Developments in Space Policies, Programmes and Technologies Throughout the World and in Europe

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“European Commission Urged To Put GMES Back in Budget.” Space News 12 Sept. 2011: 3.

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De Selding, Peter B. “European Governments Trim Galileo System Cost Overruns.” Space News 27 June 2011: 5.

De Selding, Peter B. “European Commission Adds Voice to LightSquared Opposition.” Space News 25 July 2011: 21.

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109

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Id.

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De Selding, Peter. “Eutelsat Forecasts Slower Pentagon Sales Growth.” Space News 20 Feb. 2012: 12.

175

“Abertis Telecom To Sell Half of its Eutelsat Stake.” Space News 16 Jan. 2012: 3.

176

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177

“Telenor: Exchange Rates Contribute to Revenue Drop.” Space News 13 Feb. 2012: 8.

178

De Selding, Peter. “Earth Imagery Firm RapidEye Seeking Bankrupcy Protection.” Space News 6 June 2011: 6.

179

De Selding, Peter. “Drop in Services Business Keeps Astrium Revenue Flat.” 8 Mar. 2012 Space News 3 May 2012 http://spacenews.com/satellite_telecom/120308-astrium-revenue-flat.html.

180

De Selding, Peter. “Astrium Efficiency Initiative to Eliminate 2,000 Positions by 2015.” Space News 27 June 2011: 12.

181

De Selding, Peter. “With Pleiades in Orbit, Astrium Sets Sights on DigitalGlobe, GeoEye.” Space News 9 Jan. 2012: 7.

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184

2010 Registration Document. Thales 23 May 2012 http://www.thalesgroup.com/Workarea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=15726&LangType=2057.

185

See generally 2011 Registration Document, 132.

186

2010 Registration Document, 41.

187

“Financials: Ohb AG (OHBG.DE).” Reuters 3 May 2012 http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/financialHighlights?rpc=66&symbol=OHBG.D.

188

De Selding, Peter. “OHB Purchases SSC’s Space System Division.” Space News 27 June 2011: 11.

189

De Selding, Peter. “Astrium Efficiency Initiative to Eliminate 2,000 Positions by 2015.” Space News 27 June 2011: 12.

190

RUAG Annual Report 2011. RUAG 9 May 2012: 98 http://www.ruag.com/de/Konzern/Media/Geschaeftsberichte/2011/2011_e/RUAG_GFB_2011_E.pdf.

Id. at 26.

Id. at 24.

Id.

De Selding, Peter B. “Lack of Interest Dooms MDA, Intelsat In-Orbit Servicing Deal.” Space News 23 Jan. 2012: 7.

195

Ledbetter III, Titus. “U.S. Officials Mull Standards in Wake of LightSquared Controversy.” Space News 13 Feb. 2012: 6.

196

Leone, Dan. “Stratolaunch Charts Course for a Tough Market.” Space News 16 Jan. 2012: 6.

197

“GeoEye Wins Contract for Mapping Russian Properties.” Space News 9 Jan. 2012: 8.

198

De Selding, Peter B. “SpaceX To Launch Pair of Satellites for AsiaSat.” 8 Feb. 2012. Space News 3 May 2012 http://www.spacenews.com/contracts/120208-spacex-launch-asiasat-sats.html.

199

“SpaceX Breaks Ground on West Coast Launch Pad.” Space News 25 July 2011: 8.

200

Associated Press. “SpaceX Breaks Ground on California Launch Pad.” 13 July 2011. ABC News 3 May 2012 http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory?id=14059673.

201

De Selding, Peter B. “Boeing, ULA Wrangle with Air Force Over Delta 4 Launch Contract Prices.” 29 Apr. 2011. Space News 9 May 2012 http://www.spacenews.com/military/110429-boeing-ula-wrangle-af-delta-prices.html.

202

Klotz, Irene. “SpaceX Expanding Florida Facilities to Meet Launch Demand.” Space News 28 Nov. 2011: 5.

203

Space News Staff. “SpaceX Delivers Falcon 9 to Orbit.” 22 May 2012. Space News 23 May 2012 http://spacenews.com/launch/120522-spacex-falcon-delivers-dragon-orbit.html.

204

Boyle, Alan. “SpaceX station launch set for May 19.” 4 May 2012. Cosmic Log on MSNBC.com 3 May 2012 http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/05/04/11543790-spacex-station-launch-set-for-may-19?lite.

205

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206

De Selding, Peter B. “LightSquared Deal a Boon To Inmarsat’s Otherwise Flat Business.” Space News 7 Nov. 2011: 16.

207

Bergin, Chris. “Zenit 3SLB launches successfully with Intelsat-18 satellite.” 5 Oct. 2011. NASAspaceflight.com 2 May 2012 http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/10/live-zenit-2slb-launch-intelsat-18/.

208

De Selding, Peter B. “Sea Launch Back in Business with Successful Eutelsat Launch.” Space News 3 Oct. 2011: 5.

209

Kallender-Umezu, Paul. “NEC Tapped to Build Second Asteroid-bound Hayabusa Probe.” Space News 30 Jan. 2012: 10.

210

“Melco Expansion Aimed at Doubling Satellite Revenue.” Space News 13 June 2011: 9.

211

Leone, Dan. “U.S. Report Supports Sweeping Reform of Satellite Export Rules.” 18 Apr. 2012. Space News 23 May 2012 http://www.spacenews.com/policy/120418-report-backs-reform-sat-export.html.

212

De Selding, Peter B. “Chinese Rocket Launches Eutelsat’s W3C Satellite.” Space News 10 Oct. 2011: 4.

213

De Selding, Peter B. “AsiaSat Reports Rising Profit, Remains Bullish on Satellite TV Market.” 22 Mar. 2012. Space News 3 May 2012 http://www.spacenews.com/satellite_telecom/120322-asiasat-rising-profit.html.

214

De Selding, Peter B. “Despite Barriers, SES Invests Heavily in Indian Satellite Market.” Space News 6 June 2011: 6.

215

De Selding, Peter B. “Satellite Fleet Operators Protest Indian Tax Proposal.” 5 Apr. 2012. Space News 9 May 2012 http://www.spacenews.com/policy/120405-sat-operators-protest-indian-tax.html.

216

De Selding, Peter B. “Satellite Orders Drop but Near-Term Launch Manifests Are Full.” Space News 9 Jan. 2012: 11 and 12.

217

De Selding, Peter B. “Com Dev to Focus on Increasing Profitability, Not Revenue, for 2012.” Space News 16 Jan. 2012: 10.

218

De Selding, Peter B. “Honeywell Buying EMS Technologies for $491 M.” Space News 20 June 2011: 15.

219

“Satellite Operator Thaicom Reports Turnaround in 2011.” Space News 20 Feb. 2012: 9.

220

Commercial Space Transportation: 2011 Year in Review, 3.

221

Commercial Space Transportation: 2011 Year in Review, 32.

222

Figure 1.12.

223

Id. at 6. Payloads are assigned to the nation that commissioned them, not according to the nationality of the manufacturer.

224

Id. at 22.

225

Id.

226

“Satellite Orders Report – 2011 Year-End Summary.” Futron 15 May 2012 http://www.futron.com/upload/wysiwyg/Resources/FoF/2011/FutronSM2011-EOY.pdf.

227

The Space Report 2012. Colorado Springs: The Space Foundation, 2012: 58.

228

Id.

229

Euroconsult Report 2012. Overview – Global Dynamics in Government Space Programs: 12.

230

The Space Report 2012, 58.

231

Euroconsult Report 2012, 12.

232

Id.

233

Id.

234

The Space Report 2012, 38.

235

Id. at 55. Cf. The Space Report 2011. Colorado Springs: The Space Foundation, 2011: 52.

236

Cf. Euroconsult Report 2012, 12.

237

Id.

238

Id.

239

De Selding, Peter B. “Five European Nations Agree to Pool Resources for Satellite Bandwidth Buys.” Space News 5 Dec. 2011: 5.

240

De Selding, Peter B. “Norway, Spain Expected to Order Milcom Satellite Before New Year.” Space News 5 Dec. 2011: 6.

241

“Elisa – Mapping radar stations from Space.” CNES 12 May 2012 http://www.cnes.fr/web/CNES-en/5940-elisa.php.

242

“Pleiades – Imagery to Meet European Civil and Military Challenges.” CNES 12 May 2012 http://www.cnes.fr/web/CNES-en/3236-pleiades.php.

243

“First Pléiades Satellite to Launch 16 December.” 9 Dec. 2011. CNES 12 May 2012 http://www.cnes.fr/web/CNES-en/9844-gp-first-pleiades-satellite-to-launch-16-december.php.

244

Cf. The Space Report 2012, 44 & The Space Report 2011, 43.

245

The Space Report 2012, 58.

246

Euroconsult Report 2012, 12.

247

Ledbetter III, Titus. “U.S. Military Space Spending To Decline 22 Percent in 2013.” 13 Feb. 2012. Space News 12 May 2012 http://www.spacenews.com/military/120213-mil-space-spending-decline.html.

248

Id.

249

Ledbetter III, Titus. “Missile Defense Agency Seeks Big Increase in Space Spending.” 14 Feb. 2012. Space News 12 May 2012 http://www.spacenews.com/military/120214-mda-seeks-increase-spending.html.

250

Turner, Brinton. “MDA Budget Would Ramp Up Spending on European Missile Shield.” 28 Feb. 2011. Space News 12 May 2012 http://www.spacenews.com/military/110228-mda-budget-spending-european-missile-shield.html.

251

De Selding, Peter B. “Ariane 5 Lofts Hosted Payload for U.S. Air Force.” 22 Sept. 2011 Space News 12 May 2012 http://www.spacenews.com/launch/ariane-lofts-hosted-payload-for-air-force.html.

252

Commercial Space Transportation: 2011 Year in Review, 9.

253

Boyle, Alan. “How satellites helped get Osama.” 2 May 2011. Cosmic Log – MSNBC 12 May 2012 http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/05/02/6571688-how-satellites-helped-get-osama?lite.

254

Cf. Euroconsult Report 2012, 12.

255

Commercial Space Transportation: 2011 Year in Review, 22.

256

Id. at 2, 7.

257

Id. at 2–5.

258

Clark, Stephan. “Russian early warning satellite orbited by Proton.” 30 Mar 2012. Spaceflight Now 12 May 2012 http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1203/30proton/.

259

Graham, William. “Russian Proton-K completes 45 years of service with US-KMO satellite launch.” 29 Mar. 2012. NASA Spaceflight.com 12 May 2012 http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/03/russian-proton-k-rocket-launch-us-kmo/.

260

“Russian Military Orders Missile Early Warning Satellites.” 25 Apr. 2012. Defence Talk 12 May 2012 http://www.defencetalk.com/russian-military-orders-missile-early-warning-satellites-41939/.

261

Commercial Space Transportation: 2011 Year in Review, 22.

262

According to Euroconsult 2010 data.

263

Clark, Stephan. “Proton rocket replenishes Russian navigation system.” 4 Nov. 2011. Spaceflight Now 12 May 2012 http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1111/03proton/.

264

Brown, Mark. “Dead Russian military satellite drops into the Pacific ocean.” 10 Apr. 2012. WIRED.CO.UK 12 May 2012 http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-04/10/molniya-satellite.

265

Cf. Euroconsult Report 2012, 459.

266

Cf. The Space Report 2012, 55 & The Space Report 2011, 52.

267

“Japan to Boost Military Space Spending in 2012.” Space News, 10 Oct. 2011: 8.

268

“National Defense Program Guidelines for FY 2011 and Beyond.” Japan Ministry of Defense 11 May 2012 http://www.mod.go.jp/e/d_act/d_policy/pdf/guidelinesFY2011.pdf.

269

Kallender-Umezu, Paul. “Japan Launches IGS Radar Reconnaissance Satellite”. 13 Dec. 2011. Space News 8 May 2012 http://www.spacenews.com/launch/121311-japanlaunches-latest-radar-reconnaissance-satellite.html.

270

“H-2A Launch Helps Rebuild Japan’s IGS Constellation.” Space News 3 Oct. 2011: 3.

271

“JAXA to get National Security Role; NASA Password Leaked.” 14 Jan. 2012. The Japan Times 9 May 2012. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/rss/nn20120114x2.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+japantimes_news+%28The+Japan+Times+Headline+News+−+News+%26+Business%29.

272

Weisgerber, Marcus. “U.S. Wants Changes to EU Space Code of Conduct.” Space News 16 Jan. 2012: 3.

273

Ledbetter III, Titus. “U.S., Japan To Explore Space Surveillance Data Sharing.” 1 May 2012. Space News 9 May 2012 http://www.spacenews.com/military/120501-us-japan-space-data-sharing.html.

274

Euroconsult Report 2012, 17.

275

Cheng, Dean. “Five Myths about China’s Space Program.” 29 Sept. 2011. The Heritage Foundation 10 May 2012 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/09/five-myths-about-chinas-space-program.

276

De Selding, Peter B. “German Experiments Onboard Chinese Shenzhou-8 Capsule.” Space News 7 Nov. 2011: 12.

277

Cheng, Dean. “China’s Space Program in the National Security Context.” 18 Jan. 2012. The Heritage foundation 10 May 2012 http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/01/us-needs-to-meet-chinas-space-challenge-of-the-next-5-years.

278

De Selding, Peter B. “China Outlines Space Priorities: Debris Mitigation, New Rocket.” Space News 9 Jan. 2012: 14.

279

“China Launches Imaging Satellite.” Space News 14 Nov. 2011: 3.

280

Houpt, Danny. “A New Policy Typology to Better Understand the Goals of China’s Space Program.” 31 Oct. 2011. The Space Review 10 May 2012 http://thespacereview.com/article/1958/1.

281

“Agni-V Test-Fired Successfully, Expands India’s Missile Reach from China to Eastern Europe.” 19 Apr. 2012. IBN Live 11 May 2012 http://ibnlive.in.com/news/china-to-europe-agniv-expands-indias-reach/249977-3.html.

282

Bhatt, Sheela. “Agni-5 Has Put India in the Elite Club.” 20 Apr. 2012. Rediff News 10 May 2012 http://www.rediff.com/news/report/agni-5-has-put-india-in-the-elite-club/20120420.htm.

283

“India Developing Anti-Satellite Weapons.” 21 Apr. 2012. United Press International 10 May 2012 http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2012/04/23/India-developing-anti-satellite-weapons/UPI-87941335189998/#ixzz1uO2euIGT.

284

“After Agni-V Launch, DRDO’s New Target is Anti-Satellite Weapons.” 21 Apr. 2012. The Economic Times 10 May 2012 http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/after-agni-v-launch-drdos-new-target-is-anti-satellite-weapons/articleshow/12772355.cms.

285

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286

Egozi, Arie. “India Successfully Launches New Long-Range Ballistic Missile.” 19 Apr. 2012. Israel Defense 10 May 2012 http://www.israeldefense.com/?CategoryID=472&ArticleID=1186.

287

Egozi, Arie. “India Expansion of Israeli Support to India in the Space Field Is on the Agenda.” 14 Feb. 2012. Israel Defense 09 May 2012 http://www.israeldefense.com/?CategoryID=472&ArticleID=927.

288

India Takes on China.

289

“Iran sends first home-built satellite into orbit.” 03 Feb. 2009. AFP 10 May 2012 http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h6jwhaLtMvmnBIjBipoPXdLDlgpw.

290

Cf. Euroconsult Report 2012, 8.

291

Derakhshi, Reza. “Iran unveils missiles and satellites as warning to foes” 07 Feb. 2011. Reuters 10 May 2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/07/us-iran-military-missiles-idUSTRE7162F520110207.

292

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293

Malik, Tariq. “Iran Launches Small Earth-Watching Satellite Into Orbit: Report.” 03 Feb. 2012. SPACE.com 10 May 2012 http://www.space.com/14464-iran-launches-small-satellite-orbit.html.

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295

Hsu, Jeremy. “Iran’s Space Program: Lots of Talk, but a Chance to Shine.” 09 Nov. 2011. SPACE.com 10 May 2012 http://www.space.com/9499-iran-space-program-lots-talk-chance-shine.html.

296

“Iran Launches Rocket Capable of Carrying Satellite.” 17 Aug. 2008. The Telegraph 10 May 2012 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/2575063/Iran-launches-rocket-capable-of-carrying-satellite.html.

297

Kass, Lee. “Iran’s Space Program: The Next Genie in a Bottle?” Sept. 2006. The Middle East Review of International Affairs 10 May 2012 http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2006/issue3/jv10no3a2.html.

298

Kahn, Gabe. “The Iranian Space Monkey Cometh.” 17 June 2011. Israel National News 10 May 2012 http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/144990#.T6o56egx_zA.

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300

Iran’s Space Program: The Next Genie in a Bottle?

301

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Titel: European Space Activities in the Global Context
verfasst von: Cenan Al-Ekabi
Verlag: Springer Vienna
Buch: Yearbook on Space Policy 2011/2012
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-1648-7

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-7091-1649-4

Copyright-Jahr: 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1649-4_1

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