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2016 | Buch

Introduction Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Mechanism of Artificial Heart

verfasst von: Takashi Yamane

Verlag: Springer Japan

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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Über dieses Buch

This book first describes medical devices in relation to regenerative medicine before turning to a more specific topic: artificial heart technologies. Not only the pump mechanisms but also the bearing, motor mechanisms, and materials are described, including expert information. Design methods are described to enhance hemocompatibility: main concerns are reduction of blood cell damage and protein break, as well as prevention of blood clotting. Regulatory science from R&D to clinical trials is also discussed to verify the safety and efficacy of the devices.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
Organ transplantations, artificial organs, and regenerative medicine are compared their merits and demerits to understand medical care options to patients who have damaged organs and need organ replacement.
Takashi Yamane
Chapter 2. What Kinds of Artificial Hearts Are Available?
Abstract
There are two different applications whether a natural heart is retained or is removed when an artificial heart is applied. The artificial hearts have been developed from a bed-side type to an implantable type whose patients became able to be discharged out of hospital. The durability of artificial hearts has greatly enhanced as can be used without changing the pump for more than 10 years.
Takashi Yamane
Chapter 3. How Do We Select Pump Types?
Abstract
The mechanism of artificial heart has been changed historically from a large pulsatile type to a small rotary type. There are many kinds of available pump types. How do we design pump components is shown here for a centrifugal impeller, an axial-flow impeller, a casing with a volute and a diffuser.
Takashi Yamane
Chapter 4. Selection of Bearing Types: A Key to Durability
Abstract
The durability of blood pumps is governed by rotary bearings. The mechanisms of non-contact bearings, such as a magnetic bearing or a hydrodynamic bearing, are explained together with lubrication theory. Furthermore, pivot bearings, such as a double pivot bearing or a monopivot bearing, are also explained since the durability has been found to be sufficiently high. The maximum period of durability for VADs is tentatively almost ten years, which will be extended by clinical experiences.
Takashi Yamane
Chapter 5. Motor, Battery, and Magnetic Suspension
Abstract
The mechanism of a brushless DC motor and of a magnetic suspension is explained as well as battery/cables. The actual durability of VADs has been found to be governed by the fatigue life of cables, it is specified to each devices and any general theory is not available for it.
Takashi Yamane
Chapter 6. Flow Visualization and Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis
Abstract
Flow visualization such as particle image velocimetry can be used to clarify the environments where blood cells are exposed to. It clarified that blood cells are exposed to high shear only in the boundary layers whose thickness is 0.1–0.3 mm. The similarity laws for experimental models are also discussed. Numerical analysis using computers is another tool to clarify the blood environments, whose conditions for use are also listed here.
Takashi Yamane
Chapter 7. How Do We Select Materials?
Abstract
Hemocompatible materials for the pump structures and for the surface coatings are explained. Anticoagulation materials with sufficient strength have been studied historically for a VAD application. The materials for implantable rotary VADs are mostly titanium or titanium alloys presently though short-term pumps are made of polymers. Bearing materials are also discussed comparing their wear characteristics.
Takashi Yamane
Chapter 8. Enhancement of Hemocompatibility
Abstract
Blood cell/protein damage and blood coagulation should be avoided in medical devices in design and in clinical use. Typical issues are hemolysis, thrombosis, and von Willebrand syndrome. Their mechanism of generation and the corresponding evaluation methods are also described here.
Takashi Yamane
Chapter 9. System Evaluation
Abstract
The safety and the efficacy of medical devices should be evaluated not only in vitro/in vivo testing but also clinical testing for human patients. In actual use not only the characteristics of the device itself but also how and to whom we use the devices are also important. The evaluation process is called as regulatory science to make the process visible to all the people.
Takashi Yamane
Chapter 10. Remarks and Future Aspect
Abstract
Rotary pumps reduced the size to be portable or implantable. They also brought high-durability. These developments have been realized historically by the collaboration between a medical team, an engineering team, and an administrative team.
Takashi Yamane
Metadaten
Titel
Mechanism of Artificial Heart
verfasst von
Takashi Yamane
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Verlag
Springer Japan
Electronic ISBN
978-4-431-55831-6
Print ISBN
978-4-431-55829-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55831-6

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