Drying dissipative structures of Chinese black ink on a cover glass and in a dish

Macroscopic and microscopic dissipative structural patterns are formed in the course of drying a suspension of Chinese black ink on a cover glass and in a dish. The time for the drying and the pattern area increased as the particle concentration increased. The broad ring patterns of the hills accumulated with the particles formed around the outside edges on a macroscopic scale. The height and the width of the broad ring increased as the particle concentration increased. The spokelike patterns of the rims accumulated with particles were also formed on a macroscopic scale. Microscopic patterns of colloidal accumulation were observed over the whole region of the pattern area. Various types of convection cells were observed on a cover glass and in a dish at 25–80 °C. A time-resolved observation of the drying process was also made. The convections of water and the colloidal particles at different rates under gravity and the translational and rotational Brownian movement of the particles were important for the macroscopic pattern formation. Microscopic patterns were determined by the translational Brownian diffusion of the particles and the electrostatic and the hydrophobic interactions between the particles and/or between the particles and the cell wall in the course of the solidification of the particles.