Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Computing 3/2013

01.03.2013

The role of models@run.time in supporting on-the-fly interoperability

verfasst von: N. Bencomo, A. Bennaceur, P. Grace, G. Blair, V. Issarny

Erschienen in: Computing | Ausgabe 3/2013

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Models at runtime can be defined as abstract representations of a system, including its structure and behaviour, which exist in tandem with the given system during the actual execution time of that system. Furthermore, these models should be causally connected to the system being modelled, offering a reflective capability. Significant advances have been made in recent years in applying this concept, most notably in adaptive systems. In this paper we argue that a similar approach can also be used to support the dynamic generation of software artefacts at execution time. An important area where this is relevant is the generation of software mediators to tackle the crucial problem of interoperability in distributed systems. We refer to this approach as emergent middleware, representing a fundamentally new approach to resolving interoperability problems in the complex distributed systems of today. In this context, the runtime models are used to capture meta-information about the underlying networked systems that need to interoperate, including their interfaces and additional knowledge about their associated behaviour. This is supplemented by ontological information to enable semantic reasoning. This paper focuses on this novel use of models at runtime, examining in detail the nature of such runtime models coupled with consideration of the supportive algorithms and tools that extract this knowledge and use it to synthesise the appropriate emergent middleware.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Aßmann U, Bencomo N, Cheng BHC, France RB (2011) Models@run.time (dagstuhl seminar 11481). Dagstuhl Rep 1(11):91–123 Aßmann U, Bencomo N, Cheng BHC, France RB (2011) Models@run.time (dagstuhl seminar 11481). Dagstuhl Rep 1(11):91–123
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Baresi L, Di Nitto E, Ghezzi C (2006) Toward open-world software: issue and challenges. IEEE Comput 39(10):36–43CrossRef Baresi L, Di Nitto E, Ghezzi C (2006) Toward open-world software: issue and challenges. IEEE Comput 39(10):36–43CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Baresi L, Ghezzi C (2010) The disappearing boundary between development-time and run-time. In: Proceedings of the FSE/SDP workshop on future of software engineering research, ACM, pp 17–22 Baresi L, Ghezzi C (2010) The disappearing boundary between development-time and run-time. In: Proceedings of the FSE/SDP workshop on future of software engineering research, ACM, pp 17–22
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bencomo N, Blair GS, Fleurey F, Jeanneret C (2010) Summary of the 5th international workshop on models@run.time. In MoDELS workshops, pp 204–208 Bencomo N, Blair GS, Fleurey F, Jeanneret C (2010) Summary of the 5th international workshop on models@run.time. In MoDELS workshops, pp 204–208
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bennaceur A, Issarny V, Richard J, Alessandro M, Romina S, Sykes D (2011) Automatic service categorisation through machine learning in emergent middleware. In: Software technologies concertation on formal methods for components and objects (FMCO’11) Bennaceur A, Issarny V, Richard J, Alessandro M, Romina S, Sykes D (2011) Automatic service categorisation through machine learning in emergent middleware. In: Software technologies concertation on formal methods for components and objects (FMCO’11)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bennaceur A, Richard J, Alessandro M, Romina S, Sykes D, Saadi R, Issarny V (2011) Inferring affordances using learning techniques. In: International workshop on eternal systems (EternalS’11) Bennaceur A, Richard J, Alessandro M, Romina S, Sykes D, Saadi R, Issarny V (2011) Inferring affordances using learning techniques. In: International workshop on eternal systems (EternalS’11)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Blair G, Bencomo N, France RB (2009) Models@run.time. Computer 42(10):22–27CrossRef Blair G, Bencomo N, France RB (2009) Models@run.time. Computer 42(10):22–27CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Blair GS, Bennaceur A, Georgantas N, Grace P, Issarny V, Nundloll V, Paolucci M (2011) The role of ontologies in emergent middleware: supporting interoperability in complex distributed systems. In: Middleware’11, pp 410–430 Blair GS, Bennaceur A, Georgantas N, Grace P, Issarny V, Nundloll V, Paolucci M (2011) The role of ontologies in emergent middleware: supporting interoperability in complex distributed systems. In: Middleware’11, pp 410–430
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Bromberg Y-D, Grace P, Réveillère L (2011) Starlink: runtime interoperability between heterogeneous middleware protocols. In: Distributed computing systems (ICDCS), 2011, 31st international conference, IEEE, pp 446–455 Bromberg Y-D, Grace P, Réveillère L (2011) Starlink: runtime interoperability between heterogeneous middleware protocols. In: Distributed computing systems (ICDCS), 2011, 31st international conference, IEEE, pp 446–455
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Bromberg Y-D, Grace P, Réveillère L, Blair GS (2011) Bridging the interoperability gap: overcoming combined application and middleware heterogeneity. In: Middleware’11, pp 390–409 Bromberg Y-D, Grace P, Réveillère L, Blair GS (2011) Bridging the interoperability gap: overcoming combined application and middleware heterogeneity. In: Middleware’11, pp 390–409
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Bromberg Y-D, Issarny V (2005) INDISS: interoperable discovery system for networked services. In: Middleware’11, pp 164–183 Bromberg Y-D, Issarny V (2005) INDISS: interoperable discovery system for networked services. In: Middleware’11, pp 164–183
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Calinescu R, Shinji K (2010) Formal methods@run.time. In: Monterey, workshop, pp 122–135 Calinescu R, Shinji K (2010) Formal methods@run.time. In: Monterey, workshop, pp 122–135
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Caporuscio M, Raverdy P-G, Moungla H, Issarny V (2008) ubisoap: a service oriented middleware for seamless networking. In: ICSOC, pp 195–209 Caporuscio M, Raverdy P-G, Moungla H, Issarny V (2008) ubisoap: a service oriented middleware for seamless networking. In: ICSOC, pp 195–209
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Cavallaro L, Di Nitto E, Pradella M (2009) An automatic approach to enable replacement of conversational services. In: Proceedings of ICSOC/ServiceWave. Springer, Berlin, pp 159–174 Cavallaro L, Di Nitto E, Pradella M (2009) An automatic approach to enable replacement of conversational services. In: Proceedings of ICSOC/ServiceWave. Springer, Berlin, pp 159–174
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Chang H, Mariani L, Pezzè M (2009) In-field healing of integration problems with cots components. In: ICSE, pp 166–176 Chang H, Mariani L, Pezzè M (2009) In-field healing of integration problems with cots components. In: ICSE, pp 166–176
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Cimpian E , Adrian M (2005) WSMX process mediation based on choreographies. In: Proceedings of business process management, workshop, pp 130–143 Cimpian E , Adrian M (2005) WSMX process mediation based on choreographies. In: Proceedings of business process management, workshop, pp 130–143
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Dashofy EM, van der Hoek A, Tylor RN (2002) Towards architecture-based self-healing systems. In: Proceedings of the first workshop on self-healing systems, WOSS ’02, pp 21–26. ACM, New York Dashofy EM, van der Hoek A, Tylor RN (2002) Towards architecture-based self-healing systems. In: Proceedings of the first workshop on self-healing systems, WOSS ’02, pp 21–26. ACM, New York
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Denaro G, Pezzè M, Tosi D (2009) Ensuring interoperable service-oriented systems through engineered self-healing. In: ESEC/SIGSOFT FSE, pp 253–262 Denaro G, Pezzè M, Tosi D (2009) Ensuring interoperable service-oriented systems through engineered self-healing. In: ESEC/SIGSOFT FSE, pp 253–262
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Deng T, Fan W, Libkin L, Wu Y (2010) On the aggregation problem for synthesized web services. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on database theory, ICDT, pp 242–251 Deng T, Fan W, Libkin L, Wu Y (2010) On the aggregation problem for synthesized web services. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on database theory, ICDT, pp 242–251
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Floch J, Hallsteinsen S, Stav E, Eliassen F, Lund K, Gjorven E (2006) Using architecture models for runtime adaptability. Softw IEEE 23(2):62–70CrossRef Floch J, Hallsteinsen S, Stav E, Eliassen F, Lund K, Gjorven E (2006) Using architecture models for runtime adaptability. Softw IEEE 23(2):62–70CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Flores-Cortés CA, Grace P, Blair GS (2011) Sedim: a middleware framework for interoperable service discovery in heterogeneous networks. TAAS 6(1):6 Flores-Cortés CA, Grace P, Blair GS (2011) Sedim: a middleware framework for interoperable service discovery in heterogeneous networks. TAAS 6(1):6
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Garlan D (2010) Software engineering in an uncertain world. In FoSER, pp 125–128 Garlan D (2010) Software engineering in an uncertain world. In FoSER, pp 125–128
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Georgas JC, van der Hoek A, Taylor RN (2009) Using architectural models to manage and visualize runtime adaptation. Computer 42(10):52–60CrossRef Georgas JC, van der Hoek A, Taylor RN (2009) Using architectural models to manage and visualize runtime adaptation. Computer 42(10):52–60CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Grace P, Blair GS, Issarny V (2012) Emergent middleware. ERCIM News 88:27–28 Grace P, Blair GS, Issarny V (2012) Emergent middleware. ERCIM News 88:27–28
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Haller A, Cimpian E, Mocan A, Oren E, Bussler C (2005) Wsmx: a semantic service-oriented architecture. In: ICWS, pp 321–328 Haller A, Cimpian E, Mocan A, Oren E, Bussler C (2005) Wsmx: a semantic service-oriented architecture. In: ICWS, pp 321–328
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Issarny V, Bennaceur A, Bromberg Y-D (2011) Middleware-layer connector synthesis: beyond state of the art in middleware interoperability. In: SFM-11. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 6659. Springer, Berlin, pages 217–255 Issarny V, Bennaceur A, Bromberg Y-D (2011) Middleware-layer connector synthesis: beyond state of the art in middleware interoperability. In: SFM-11. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 6659. Springer, Berlin, pages 217–255
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Issarny V, Steffen B, Jonsson B, Blair GS, Grace P, Kwiatkowska MZ, Calinescu R, Inverardi P, Tivoli M, Bertolino A, Sabetta A (2009) Connect challenges: towards emergent connectors for eternal networked systems. In: ICECCS, pp 154–161 Issarny V, Steffen B, Jonsson B, Blair GS, Grace P, Kwiatkowska MZ, Calinescu R, Inverardi P, Tivoli M, Bertolino A, Sabetta A (2009) Connect challenges: towards emergent connectors for eternal networked systems. In: ICECCS, pp 154–161
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Josifovski V, Risch T (1999) Integrating heterogenous overlapping databases through object-oriented transformations. In: VLDB, pp 435–446 Josifovski V, Risch T (1999) Integrating heterogenous overlapping databases through object-oriented transformations. In: VLDB, pp 435–446
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Keller RM (1976) Formal verification of parallel programs. Commun ACM 19(7):371–384MATHCrossRef Keller RM (1976) Formal verification of parallel programs. Commun ACM 19(7):371–384MATHCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Krka I, Brun Y, Daniel P, Garcia J, Medvidovic N (2010) Using dynamic execution traces and program invariants to enhance behavioral model inference. ICSE 2:179–182 Krka I, Brun Y, Daniel P, Garcia J, Medvidovic N (2010) Using dynamic execution traces and program invariants to enhance behavioral model inference. ICSE 2:179–182
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Lam SS (1988) Protocol conversion. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 14(3):353–362CrossRef Lam SS (1988) Protocol conversion. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 14(3):353–362CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Liskov B, Wing JM (1994) A behavioral notion of subtyping. ACM Trans Program Lang Syst 16(6):1811–1841CrossRef Liskov B, Wing JM (1994) A behavioral notion of subtyping. ACM Trans Program Lang Syst 16(6):1811–1841CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Lorenzoli D, Mariani L, Pezzè M (2008) Automatic generation of software behavioral models. In: ICSE, pp 501–510 Lorenzoli D, Mariani L, Pezzè M (2008) Automatic generation of software behavioral models. In: ICSE, pp 501–510
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Merten M, Steffen B, Howar F, Margaria T (2011) Next generation learnlib. In: TACAS, pp 220–223 Merten M, Steffen B, Howar F, Margaria T (2011) Next generation learnlib. In: TACAS, pp 220–223
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Milner R (1989) Communication and concurrency. PHI Series in computer science. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs Milner R (1989) Communication and concurrency. PHI Series in computer science. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Mokhtar SB, Raverdy P-G, Urbieta A, Cardoso RS (2010) Interoperable semantic and syntactic service discovery for ambient computing environments. IJACI 2(4):13–32 Mokhtar SB, Raverdy P-G, Urbieta A, Cardoso RS (2010) Interoperable semantic and syntactic service discovery for ambient computing environments. IJACI 2(4):13–32
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Morin B, Barais O, Jézéquel J-M, Fleurey F, Solberg A (October 2009) Models at runtime to support dynamic adaptation. IEEE Comput 42(10):46–53 Morin B, Barais O, Jézéquel J-M, Fleurey F, Solberg A (October 2009) Models at runtime to support dynamic adaptation. IEEE Comput 42(10):46–53
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Morin B, Barais O, Nain G, Jézéquel J-M (2009) Taming dynamically adaptive systems using models and aspects. In: ICSE, pp 122–132 Morin B, Barais O, Nain G, Jézéquel J-M (2009) Taming dynamically adaptive systems using models and aspects. In: ICSE, pp 122–132
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Noy NF, Chugh A, Liu W, Musen MA (2006) A framework for ontology evolution in collaborative environments. In: International semantic web conference, pp 544–558 Noy NF, Chugh A, Liu W, Musen MA (2006) A framework for ontology evolution in collaborative environments. In: International semantic web conference, pp 544–558
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Oreizy P, Gorlick MM, Taylor RN, Heimbigner D, Johnson G, Medvidovic N, Quilici A, Rosenblum DS, Wolf AL (1999) An architecture-based approach to self-adaptive software. IEEE Intell Syst Appl 14(3):54–62CrossRef Oreizy P, Gorlick MM, Taylor RN, Heimbigner D, Johnson G, Medvidovic N, Quilici A, Rosenblum DS, Wolf AL (1999) An architecture-based approach to self-adaptive software. IEEE Intell Syst Appl 14(3):54–62CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Oreizy P, Rosenblum DS, Taylor RN (1998) On the role of connectors in modeling and implementing software architectures: technical report 98–04. University of California, Irvine Oreizy P, Rosenblum DS, Taylor RN (1998) On the role of connectors in modeling and implementing software architectures: technical report 98–04. University of California, Irvine
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Pete S, Nelly B, Jon W, Emmanuel L, Anthony F (2010) Requirements-aware systems: a research agenda for re for self-adaptive systems. In: Requirements engineering, IEEE international conference, pp 95–103 Pete S, Nelly B, Jon W, Emmanuel L, Anthony F (2010) Requirements-aware systems: a research agenda for re for self-adaptive systems. In: Requirements engineering, IEEE international conference, pp 95–103
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmidt DC (2006) Model driven engineering. IEEE Comput 36(2):25–31 Schmidt DC (2006) Model driven engineering. IEEE Comput 36(2):25–31
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Song H, Huang G, Xiong Y, Chauvel F, Sun Y, Mei H (2010) Inferring meta-models for runtime system data from the clients of management apis. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on model driven engineering languages and systems: Part II, MODELS’10, pp 168–182. Springer, Berlin Song H, Huang G, Xiong Y, Chauvel F, Sun Y, Mei H (2010) Inferring meta-models for runtime system data from the clients of management apis. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on model driven engineering languages and systems: Part II, MODELS’10, pp 168–182. Springer, Berlin
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Spitznagel B, Garlan D (2003) A compositional formalization of connector wrappers. In: ICSE, pp 374–384 Spitznagel B, Garlan D (2003) A compositional formalization of connector wrappers. In: ICSE, pp 374–384
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Steffen B, Howar F, Merten M (2011) Introduction to active automata learning from a practical perspective. In: SFM, pp 256–296 Steffen B, Howar F, Merten M (2011) Introduction to active automata learning from a practical perspective. In: SFM, pp 256–296
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Tolk A, Pullen JA (2005) Using web services and data mediation/storage services to enable command and control to simulation interoperability. In: DS-RT, pp 27–34 Tolk A, Pullen JA (2005) Using web services and data mediation/storage services to enable command and control to simulation interoperability. In: DS-RT, pp 27–34
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaculin R, Neruda R, Sycara K (2009) The process mediation framework for semantic web services. vol 3, pp 27–58. Inderscience, Geneva Vaculin R, Neruda R, Sycara K (2009) The process mediation framework for semantic web services. vol 3, pp 27–58. Inderscience, Geneva
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Welsh K, Sawyer P, Bencomo N (2011) Towards requirements aware systems: run-time resolution of design-time assumptions. In: 26th IEEE/ACM international conference on automated software engineering (ASE 2011), pp 560–563 Welsh K, Sawyer P, Bencomo N (2011) Towards requirements aware systems: run-time resolution of design-time assumptions. In: 26th IEEE/ACM international conference on automated software engineering (ASE 2011), pp 560–563
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Yan H, Garlan D, Schmerl B, Aldrich J, Kazman R (2004) Discotect: a system for discovering architectures from running systems. In: Proceedings of 26th international conference on, software engineering, pp 470–479 Yan H, Garlan D, Schmerl B, Aldrich J, Kazman R (2004) Discotect: a system for discovering architectures from running systems. In: Proceedings of 26th international conference on, software engineering, pp 470–479
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Yellin DM, Strom RE (1997) Protocol specifications and component adaptors. ACM Trans Program Lang Syst (TOPLAS) 19(2):292–333CrossRef Yellin DM, Strom RE (1997) Protocol specifications and component adaptors. ACM Trans Program Lang Syst (TOPLAS) 19(2):292–333CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
The role of models@run.time in supporting on-the-fly interoperability
verfasst von
N. Bencomo
A. Bennaceur
P. Grace
G. Blair
V. Issarny
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2013
Verlag
Springer Vienna
Erschienen in
Computing / Ausgabe 3/2013
Print ISSN: 0010-485X
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-5057
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-012-0224-x

Premium Partner