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Hydrogeology Journal

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01.12.2003 | Paper

The distribution of meteoric ³⁶Cl/Cl in the United States: a comparison of models

verfasst von: Stephen Moysey, Stanley N. Davis, Marek Zreda, L. DeWayne Cecil

Erschienen in: Hydrogeology Journal | Ausgabe 6/2003

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Abstract

The natural distribution of ³⁶Cl/Cl in groundwater across the continental United States has recently been reported by Davis et al. (2003). In this paper, the large-scale processes and atmospheric sources of ³⁶Cl and chloride responsible for controlling the observed ³⁶Cl/Cl distribution are discussed.

The dominant process that affects ³⁶Cl/Cl in meteoric groundwater at the continental scale is the fallout of stable chloride from the atmosphere, which is mainly derived from oceanic sources. Atmospheric circulation transports marine chloride to the continental interior, where distance from the coast, topography, and wind patterns define the chloride distribution. The only major deviation from this pattern is observed in northern Utah and southern Idaho where it is inferred that a continental source of chloride exists in the Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah.

In contrast to previous studies, the atmospheric flux of ³⁶Cl to the land surface was found to be approximately constant over the United States, without a strong correlation between local ³⁶Cl fallout and annual precipitation. However, the correlation between these variables was significantly improved (R ²=0.15 to R ²=0.55) when data from the southeastern USA, which presumably have lower than average atmospheric ³⁶Cl concentrations, were excluded. The total mean flux of ³⁶Cl over the continental United States and total global mean flux of ³⁶Cl are calculated to be 30.5±7.0 and 19.6±4.5 atoms m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively.

The ³⁶Cl/Cl distribution calculated by Bentley et al. (1986) underestimates the magnitude and variability observed for the measured ³⁶Cl/Cl distribution across the continental United States. The model proposed by Hainsworth (1994) provides the best overall fit to the observed ³⁶Cl/Cl distribution in this study. A process-oriented model by Phillips (2000) generally overestimates ³⁶Cl/Cl in most parts of the country and has several significant local departures from the empirical data.

Vorheriger Artikel Happy 200th birthday Mr Darcy and our thanks for your law! A tribute editorial celebrating the life and times of the father of our science, Henry Darcy (1803–1858)

Nächster Artikel The role of some regional factors in the assessment of well yields from hard-rock aquifers of Fennoscandia

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Titel: The distribution of meteoric 36Cl/Cl in the United States: a comparison of models
verfasst von: Stephen Moysey
Stanley N. Davis
Marek Zreda
L. DeWayne Cecil
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2003
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Hydrogeology Journal / Ausgabe 6/2003
Print ISSN: 1431-2174
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-0157
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-003-0287-z

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