nach oben

Erschienen in:

24.09.2019 | Original Research

Template in situ synthesis of flower-like BiOBr/microcrystalline cellulose composites with highly visible-light photocatalytic activity

verfasst von: Weiming Zhou, Shichang Sun, Yifan Jiang, Mingxin Zhang, Ibrahim Lawan, Gerard Franklyn Fernando, Liwei Wang, Zhanhui Yuan

Erschienen in: Cellulose | Ausgabe 18/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

To enhance the visible light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic pollutants, this study focused on the synthesis of flower-like BiOBr/microcrystalline cellulose inorganic–organic hybrid photocatalysts by one-step facile method at room temperature and used microcrystalline cellulose as template and support. Findings reveal that the band gap energy (E_g), the valance band (E_VB) and conduction band (E_CB) edge potential of the hybrid photocatalysts are 2.71 eV, 3.00 eV and 0.29 eV, respectively. Also, the synthesized catalyst degraded Rhodamine B (RhB) solution under visible light and the active species was found to be mainly photogenerated holes. Moreover, the photocurrent density of the synthesized hybrid photocatalyst is higher than the pure BiOBr under visible light. The average pore diameter of the resulting hybrid photocatalyst stood at 43.72 nm. Overall, a novel flower-like hybrid photocatalyst has been synthesized and it has exhibited an effective activity in RhB dye degradation with the multiple reflections under visible light.

Graphic abstract

Vorheriger Artikel Enhanced cellulase accessibility using acid-based deep eutectic solvent in pretreatment of empty fruit bunches

Nächster Artikel Preparation and liquid crystal phase properties of discotic cellulose nanoparticles

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Bai Y, Wang PQ, Liu JY, Liu XJ (2014) Enhanced photocatalytic performance of direct Z-scheme BiOCl–g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts. RSC Adv 4:19456–19461. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01629g CrossRef

Bian Z, Jian Z, Wang S, Yong C, Qian X, Li H (2008) Self-assembly of active Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ visible photocatalyst with ordered mesoporous structure and highly crystallized anatase. J Phys Chem C 112:6258–6262. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp800324t CrossRef

Cao J, Xu B, Luo B, Lin H, Chen S (2011) Novel BiOI/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced visible light photocatalytic properties. Catal Commun 13:63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2011.06.019 CrossRef

Chang C, Yang HC, Gao N, Lu SY (2018) Core/shell p-BiOI/n-β-Bi₂O₃ heterojunction array with significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting efficiency. J Alloy Compd 738:138–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.145 CrossRef

Chen F, Huang HW, Ye LQ, Zhang TR, Zhang YH, Han XP, Ma TY (2018) Thickness-dependent facet junction control of layered BiOIO₃ single crystals for highly efficient CO₂ photoreduction. Adv Funct Mater 28:1804284. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201804284 CrossRef

Chen F, Huang HW, Guo L, Zhang YH, Ma TY (2019) The role of polarization in photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed 131:10164–10176. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201901361 CrossRef

de Oliveira ACM, Santos MSD, Brandão LMS, Resende ITFD, Leo IM, Morillo ES, Yerga RMN, Fierro JLG, Egues SMDS, Figueiredo RT (2017) The effect of cellulose loading on the photoactivity of cellulose-TiO₂ hybrids for hydrogen production under simulated sunlight. Int J Hydrog Energy 42:28747–28754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.022 CrossRef

Du M, Du Y, Feng Y, Yang K, Lv X, Jiang N, Liu Y (2018) Facile preparation of BiOBr/cellulose composites by in situ synthesis and its enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light. Carbohydr Polym 195:393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.092 CrossRefPubMed

Fujishima A, Honda K (1972) Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode. Nature 238:37–38. https://doi.org/10.1038/238037a0 CrossRef

Fujishima A, Rao TN, Tryk DA (2000) Titanium dioxide photocatalysis. J Photochem Photobiol C 1:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-5567(00)00002-2 CrossRef

Guo J, Ying L, Hao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Liu R, Li F (2017) Comparison of importance between separation efficiency and valence band position: the case of heterostructured Bi₃O₄Br/α-Bi₂O₃ photocatalysts. Appl Catal B 224:841–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.11.046 CrossRef

Haldorai Y, Shim JJ (2013) Multifunctional chitosan-copper oxide hybrid material: photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. Int J Photoenergy 2013:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/245646 CrossRef

Huang HW, Han X, Li XW, Wang SC, Chu PK, Zhang YH (2015a) Fabrication of multiple heterojunctions with tunable visible-light-active photocatalytic reactivity in BiOBr–BiOI full-range composites based on microstructure modulation and band structures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:482–492. https://doi.org/10.1021/am5065409 CrossRefPubMed

Huang HW, Li XW, Wang JJ, Dong F, Chu PK, Zhang TR, Zhang YH (2015b) Anionic group self-doping as a promising strategy: band-gap engineering and multi-functional applications of high-performance CO₃ ²⁻-doped Bi₂O₂CO₃. ACS Catal 5:4094–4103. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b00444 CrossRef

Huang HW, Xiao K, He Y, Zhang TR, Dong F, Du X, Zhang YH (2016) In situ assembly of BiOI@Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ p–n junction: charge induced unique front-lateral surfaces coupling heterostructure with high exposure of BiOI 001 active facets for robust and nonselective photocatalysis. Appl Catal B 199:75–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.06.020 CrossRef

Huang HW, Tu SC, Zeng C, Zhang TR, Reshak AH, Zhang YH (2017) Macroscopic polarization enhancement promoting photo- and piezoelectric-induced charge separation and molecular oxygen activation. Angew Chem Int Ed 56:11860–11864. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201706549 CrossRef

Jiang G, Wang R, Wang X, Xi X, Hu R, Zhou Y, Wang S, Wang T, Chen W (2012) Novel highly active visible-light-induced photocatalysts based on BiOBr with Ti doping and Ag decorating. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:4440–4444. https://doi.org/10.1021/am301177k CrossRefPubMed

Jiang G, Zhen W, Hua C, Wei Z, Chen H, Du XX, Li L, Liu YK, Huang Q, Chen WX (2015) Preparation of novel carbon nanofibers with BiOBr and AgBr decoration for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B. RSC Adv 5:30433–30437. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra17290f CrossRef

Jiao C, Jin T, Xiong J, Wang X, Zhang D, Hong L, Chen Y (2017) In situ synthesis of MnO₂-loaded biocomposite based on microcrystalline cellulose for Pb²⁺ removal from wastewater. Cellulose 24:2591–2604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1271-4 CrossRef

Johansson LS, Campbell JM (1999) Evaluation of surface lignin on cellulose fibers with XPS. Appl Surf Sci 144:92–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00920-9 CrossRef

Kai L, Liang Y, Jian Y, Qiang G, Zhu Y, Liu S, Rui X, Wu X (2017) Controllable synthesis of 001 facet dependent foursquare BiOCl nanosheets: a high efficiency photocatalyst for degradation of methyl orange. J Alloy Compd 695:238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.204 CrossRef

Kong L, Jiang Z, Lai HH, Nicholls RJ, Xiao T, Jones MO, Edwards PP (2012) Unusual reactivity of visible-light-responsive AgBr–BiOBr heterojunction photocatalysts. J Catal 293:116–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2012.06.011 CrossRef

Lefatshe K, Muiva CM, Kebaabetswe LP (2017) Extraction of nanocellulose and in situ casting of ZnO/cellulose nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. Carbohydr Polym 164:301–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.020 CrossRefPubMed

Li X, Jiang G, Wei Z, Wang X, Chen W, Shen L (2013) One-pot solvothermal preparation of S-doped BiOBr microspheres for efficient visible-light induced photocatalysis. MRS Commun 3:219–224. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2013.34 CrossRef

Li H, Liu J, Hu T, Na D, Song S, Hou W (2016a) Synthesis of belt-like BiOBr hierarchical nanostructure with high photocatalytic performance. Mater Res Bull 77:171–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2016.01.039 CrossRef

Li J, Zhan G, Yu Y, Zhang L (2016b) Superior visible light hydrogen evolution of Janus bilayer junctions via atomic-level charge flow steering. Nat Commun 7:11480. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11480 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Li R, Ren H, Ma W, Hong S, Wu L, Huang Y (2017a) Synthesis of BiOBr microspheres with ethanol as self-template and solvent with controllable morphology and photocatalytic activity. Catal Commun 106:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2017.11.015 CrossRef

Li W, Zou Y, Xin G, Feng X, An G, Wang D (2017b) Constructing highly catalytic oxidation over BiOBr-based hierarchical microspheres: importance of redox potential of doped cations. Mol Catal 438:19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2017.05.017 CrossRef

Liu S, Zhou J, Zhang L (2011) In situ synthesis of plate-like Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles in porous cellulose films with obvious magnetic anisotropy. Cellulose 18:663–673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-011-9513-3 CrossRef

Liu ZJ, Liu W, Wang Y, Guo M-L (2016a) Preparation of β-ferrous oxalate dihydrate layered nanosheets by mechanochemical method and its visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance. Mater Lett 178:83–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.04.201 CrossRef

Liu Z, Lu Q, Guo E, Liu S (2016b) Electrospinning synthesis of InVO₄/BiVO₄ heterostructured nanobelts and their enhanced photocatalytic performance. J Nanopart Res 18:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3555-2 CrossRef

Lu L, Kong L, Jiang Z, Lai HC, Xiao T, Edwards PP (2012) Visible-Light-Driven Photodegradation of Rhodamine B on Ag-Modified BiOBr. Catal Lett 142:771–778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-012-0824-2 CrossRef

Lu Q, Tang L, Lin F, Wang S, Chen Y, Chen X, Huang B (2014) Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals via ultrasonication-assisted FeCl₃-catalyzed hydrolysis. Cellulose 21:3497–3506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0376-2 CrossRef

Lyu J, Li Z, Ming G (2018) Novel Bi/BiOBr/AgBr composite microspheres: ion exchange synthesis and photocatalytic performance. Solid State Sci 80:101–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2018.04.004 CrossRef

Maness PC, Smolinski S, Blake DM, Huang Z, Wolfrum EJ, Jacoby WA (1999) Bactericidal activity of photocatalytic TiO₂ reaction: toward anunderstanding of its killing mechanism. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:4094–4098. https://doi.org/10.1109/43.124396 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mateo D, Esteve-Adell I, Albero J, Primo A, García H (2017) Oriented 2.0.0 Cu₂O nanoplatelets supported on few-layers graphene as efficient visible light photocatalyst for overall water splitting. Appl Catal B 2016:582–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.08.033 CrossRef

Mohamed MA, Salleh WNW, Jaafar J, Hir ZAM, Rosmi MS, Mutalib MA, Ismail AF, Tanemura M (2016) Regenerated cellulose membrane as bio-template for in situ growth of visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania. Carbohydr Polym 146:166–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.050 CrossRefPubMed

Mulyadi A, Zhe Z, Dutzer M, Wei L, Deng Y (2016) Facile approach for synthesis of doped carbon electrocatalyst from cellulose nanofibrils toward high-performance metal-free oxygen feduction and hydrogen evolution. Nano Energy 32:336–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.12.057 CrossRef

Paola AD, Cufalo G, Addamo M, Bellardita M, Campostrini R, Ischia M, Ceccato R, Palmisano L (2008) Photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline TiO₂ (brookite, rutile and brookite-based) powders prepared by thermohydrolysis of TiCl₄ in aqueous chloride solutions. Colloids Surf A 317:366–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.11.005 CrossRef

Patil SP, Patil RP, Mahajan VK, Sonawane GH, Shrivastava VS, Sonawane S (2016) Facile sonochemical synthesis of BiOBr-graphene oxide nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Direct green. Mater Sci Semicond Process 52:55–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2016.05.008 CrossRef

Patnaik S, Swain G, Parida KM (2018) Highly efficient charge transfer through a double Z-scheme mechanism by a Cu-promoted MoO₃/g-C₃N₄ hybrid nanocomposite with superior electrochemical and photocatalytic performance. Nanoscale 13:5950–5964. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr09049h CrossRef

Qian L, Miao Z, Liu C, Song X, Li Z (2016) Sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride decorated with zinc phthalocyanines towards highly stable and efficient photocatalysis. Appl Catal A 519:107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2016.03.033 CrossRef

Sajan CP, Wageh S, Al-Ghamdi AA, Yu JG, Cao SW (2016) TiO₂ nanosheets with exposed 001 facets for photocatalytic applications. Nano Res 9:3–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-015-0919-3 CrossRef

Sakthivel S, Neppolian B, Shankar MV, Arabindoo B, Palanichamy M, Murugesan V (2003) Solar photocatalytic degradation of azo dye: comparison of photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and TiO₂. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 77:65–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(02)00255-6 CrossRef

Shang J, Hao W, Lv X, Wang T, Wang X, Yi D, Dou S, Xie T, Wang D, Wang J (2014) Bismuth oxybromide with reasonable photocatalytic reduction activity under visible light. ACS Catal 4:954–961. https://doi.org/10.1021/cs401025u CrossRef

Song J, Xu L, Li J, Xue J, Dong Y, Li X, Zeng H (2016) Monolayer and few-layer all-inorganic perovskites as a new family of two-dimensional semiconductors for printable optoelectronic devices. Adv Mater 28:4861–4869. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201600225 CrossRefPubMed

Susan A, Ahmad MBH, Mohd Zobir H, Nor Azowa I (2013) Synthesis, antibacterial and thermal studies of cellulose nanocrystal stabilized ZnO–Ag heterostructure nanoparticles. Molecules 18:6269–6280. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18066269 CrossRef

Tian C, Luo S, She J, Qing Y, Yan N, Wu Y, Liu Z (2019a) Cellulose nanofibrils enable flower-like BiOCl for high-performance photocatalysis under visible-light irradiation. Appl Surf Sci 464:606–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.09.126 CrossRef

Tian Q, Wei WK, Dai JG, Sun QQ, Zhuang JD, Zheng Y, Liu P, Fan MZ, Chen LH (2019b) Porous core-shell Ti_xSn_1-xO₂ solid solutions with broad-light response: one-pot synthesis and ultrahigh photooxidation performance. Appl Catal B 244:45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.11.045 CrossRef

Vaquero F, Navarro RM, Fierro JLG (2016) Influence of the solvent on the structure, morphology and performance for H₂ evolution of CdS photocatalysts prepared by solvothermal method. Appl Catal B 203:753–767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.10.073 CrossRef

Wang DF, Kako T, Ye JH (2008) Efficient photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde over a solid-solution perovskite (Ag_0.75Sr_0.25)(Nb_0.75Ti_0.25)O₃ under visible-light irradiation. J Am Chem Soc 130:2724–2725. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja710805x CrossRefPubMed

Wang Q, Jie C, Zhang L (2014) In situ synthesis of Ag₃PO₄/cellulose nanocomposites with photocatalytic activities under sunlight. Cellulose 21:3371–3382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0340-1 CrossRef

Wang P, Ping Y, Yang B, Chen T, Xian S, Ye L, Xu Z (2016a) Synthesis of 3D BiOBr microspheres for enhanced photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 68:S1876107016303509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.09.013 CrossRef

Wang P, Yang P, Bai Y, Chen T, Shi X, Ye L, Zhang X (2016b) Synthesis of 3D BiOBr microspheres for enhanced photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 68:295–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.09.013 CrossRef

Wei XX, Chen CM, Guo SQ, Guo F, Li XM, Wang XX, Cui HT, Zhao LF, Li W (2014) Advanced visible-light-driven photocatalyst BiOBr–TiO₂–graphene composite with graphene as a nano-filler. J Mater Chem A 2:4667–4675. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA14349J CrossRef

Xiang QJ, Yu JG (2011) Photocatalytic activity of hierarchical flower-like TiO₂ superstructures with dominant 001 facets. Chin J Catal 32:525–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(10)60186-6 CrossRef

Xiao P, Zhu L, Zhu Y, Qian Y (2011) Selective hydrothermal synthesis of BiOBr microflowers and Bi₂O₃ shuttles with concave surfaces. J Solid State Chem 184:1459–1464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2011.04.015 CrossRef

Xiong X, Ding L, Wang Q, Li Y, Jiang Q, Hu J (2016) Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of BiOBr nanosheets with tunable exposed 010 facets. Appl Catal B 188:283–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.02.018 CrossRef

Ye L, Liu J, Jiang Z, Peng T, Zan L (2013) Facets coupling of BiOBr–g–C₃N₄ composite photocatalyst for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity. Appl Catal B Environ 142–143:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.04.058 CrossRef

Yu C, Yang P, Tie L, Yang S, Dong S, Sun J, Sun J (2018) One-pot fabrication of β-Bi₂O₃ @Bi₂S₃ hierarchical hollow spheres with advanced sunlight photocatalytic RhB oxidation and Cr(VI) reduction activities. Appl Surf Sci 455:8–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.04.201 CrossRef

Yu HJ, Li JY, Zhang YH, Yang SQ, Han KL, Dong F, Ma TY, Huang HW (2019) Three-in-one oxygen vacancies: whole visible-spectrum absorption, efficient charge separation, and surface site activation for robust CO₂ photoreduction. Angew Chem Int Ed 58:3880–3884. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201813967 CrossRef

Zhang K, Liu C, Huang F, Zheng C, Wang W (2006) Study of the electronic structure and photocatalytic activity of the BiOCl photocatalyst. Appl Catal B 68:125–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.08.002 CrossRef

Zhang SL, Bian TW, Ji NN, Pei ZF, Zhu YB (2015) BiPO₄/BiOBr p–n junction photocatalysts: one-pot synthesis and dramatic visible light photocatalytic activity. Mater Res Bull 63:187–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.12.020 CrossRef

Zhao D, Chen C, Qi Z, Chen W, Yu H (2017) High performance, flexible, solid-state supercapacitors based on a renewable and biodegradable mesoporous cellulose membrane. Adv Energy Mater 7:1700739. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201700739 CrossRef

Zhou XS, Peng F, Wang HJ, Yu H, Fang YP (2011) Carbon nitride polymer sensitized TiO₂ nanotube arrays with enhanced visible light photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performance. Chem Commun 47:10323–10325. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CC13862F CrossRef

Titel: Template in situ synthesis of flower-like BiOBr/microcrystalline cellulose composites with highly visible-light photocatalytic activity
verfasst von: Weiming Zhou
Shichang Sun
Yifan Jiang
Mingxin Zhang
Ibrahim Lawan
Gerard Franklyn Fernando
Liwei Wang
Zhanhui Yuan
Publikationsdatum: 24.09.2019
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Cellulose / Ausgabe 18/2019
Print ISSN: 0969-0239
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-882X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02722-4

Springer Professional

Abstract

Graphic abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 18/2019

Production and characterization of dialdehyde cellulose through green and sustainable approach

Fabrication and bioevaluation of a medicated electrospun mat based on azido-cellulose acetate via click chemistry

Effects of alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment on cellulose accessibility of switchgrass pretreated by acidic deep eutectic solvent

Surface hydrophobization of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) using a facile, aqueous modification process and its effect on properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Polydopamine-coated cellulose nanocrystals as an active ingredient in poly(vinyl alcohol) films towards intensifying packaging application potential

Overcoming biomass recalcitrance to enhance platform chemical production from soft wood by organosolvolysis coupled with fast pyrolysis