Independent central banks as a component of the separation of powers

Citizens are strongly interested not to suffer from the damages wrought by inflation. With the development of inconvertible fiat paper money and the creation of the monopoly of central banks to issue unlimited amounts of banknotes the restrictions formerly existing because of the convertibility of notes into gold or silver at a fixed parity have been removed. As a consequence a constitutional or legal limitation of the supply of money became necessary to check the inflationary bias of politicians became necessary. This could be reached by introducing the independence of central banks from political and governmental influence as a fourth pillar of the separation of powers. The paper also discusses under which conditions monetary stability and independence of central banks can develop and under which it is threatened.