Growth and learning mechanisms in the evolving multilayered and multidimensional view of international entrepreneurship

Although international entrepreneurship has traditionally addressed internationalization processes across environments, firms, geographies, operations, processes, and strategies, among others, the journal’s increasing emphasis has been on the entrepreneurial nature of the above processes that would entail entrepreneurial, or innovative, approaches to both the entrepreneurs’, and firms’, aspirations to attain growth through internationalization, which embrace much beyond international market expansions.

Before closing and integrating the discussion of this part, we point briefly to the increasing emergence of a new genre of enterprises, such as Air B and B, Uber Transport, Café press, Shopify, among others, who have devised their own multidimensional and multilayered operating environment that are consistent with the above articulation of the emerging environment and are contrasting the lessons of traditional IB theories.

Although, the millennials are large participants in the above, and thus nearly discounted by scholarly circles, the notable fact is that crowd-based information is reversing the flow of information that initiated or support the various component of supply chain and value net in maximizing the ultimate-customer’s perceived value. For example, an individual member of the crowd defines the basis of what constitute value, the conditions under which they would like to receive it, use the product or the service, and thus obviates experiential learning in the market place), which constituted as one the principals of the process theory of internationalization (Johanson and Vahlne 1977; Johanson and Vahlne 2003). However a collaborative and synergistic learning ( Dana et al. 2001, 2008) is replacing it and is shifted learning onto the digital operational platform.