nach oben

Journal of Happiness Studies

Erschienen in:

05.02.2016 | Research Paper

Inverted U-Shaped Function Between Flow and Cortisol Release During Chess Play

verfasst von: Tahmine Tozman, Yichelle Y. Zhang, Regina Vollmeyer

Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies | Ausgabe 1/2017

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

This study focused on the salivary cortisol level and its relation to the two components of flow (flow absorption and flow fluency) in tournament chess players exposed to one of the skill-demand-level manipulations (underload, fit, and overload). The aims of this study were to investigate how skill-demand-level manipulations affect cortisol release and how flow and cortisol release are related in the context of an engaging task. Specifically, the task involved fifty-seven tournament chess players playing chess against a software in one of the experimental groups. We assessed flow after chess playing for 25 min via questionnaire and collected saliva before chess playing (T1), right after chess playing (T2), and 10 min after T2 (T3). Our findings show that cortisol levels were affected by the skill-demand-level manipulations. At T3, participants in the overload group showed higher cortisol levels than participants in the fit and underload groups. There were no differences in cortisol release between the experimental groups at T2. In addition, we found the expected inverted U-shaped relation between cortisol release and flow absorption at T2. A moderate level of cortisol was associated with a higher level of flow absorption. In contrast, a higher level of cortisol was associated with a lower level of flow absorption. Against our expectations, flow fluency was not related to cortisol release. We discuss practical and theoretical implications of our results as well as potential for future research.

Vorheriger Artikel Supervisors’ Ethical Leadership and Employee Job Satisfaction: A Social Cognitive Perspective

Nächster Artikel The Impact of Positive Psychological Interventions on Well-Being in Healthy Elderly People

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Abuhamdeh, S., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation orientations in the competitive context: An examination of person-situation interactions. Journal of Personality, 77(5), 1615–1635.CrossRef

Abuhamdeh, S., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2012). The importance of challenge for the enjoyment of intrinsically-motivated, goal-directed activities. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(3), 317–330.CrossRef

Ahmed, S. S., Levinson, G. E., Schwartz, C. J., & Ettinger, P. O. (1972). Systolic time intervals as measures of the contractile state of the left ventricular myocardium in man. Circulation, 46(3), 559–571.CrossRef

al’Absi, M., Bongard, S., Buchanan, T.-W., Pincomb, G. A., Licinio, J., & Lovallo, W. R. (1997). Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine adjustment to public speaking and mental arithmetic stressors. Psychophysiology, 34(3), 266–275.CrossRef

al’Absi, M., Bongard, S., & Lovallo, W. R. (2000). Adrenocorticotropin responses to interpersonal stress: Effects of overt anger expression style and defensiveness. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 37, 257–265.CrossRef

al’Absi, M., Lovallo, W. R., McKey, B. S., Sung, B. H., Whitsett, T. L., & Wilson, M. F. (1998). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical responses to psychological stress and caffeine in men at high and low risk for hypertension. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 521–527.CrossRef

Apter, M. J. (1982). The experience of motivation: The theory of psychological reversals. Cambridge: Academic Press.

Baumeister, R. F. (1998). The self. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 680–740). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Berry, J. (1993). Woman players: Results puzzling. The Globe and Mail. pC2.

Blascovich, J. (2000). Using physiological indexes of psychological processes in social psychological research. In H. T. Reis & M. Charles (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 117–137). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Blascovich, J., & Mendes, W. B. (2000). Challenge and threat appraisals: The role of affective cues. In J. P. Forgas (Ed.), Feeling and thinking. The role of affect in social cognition (pp. 59–82). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Blascovich, J., Mendes, W. B., Hunter, S. B., & Salomon, K. (1999). Social “facilitation” as challenge and threat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 68–77.CrossRef

Blascovich, J., & Tomaka, J. (1996). The biopsychosocial model of arousal regulation. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 28, pp. 1–51). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Bohnen, N., Houx, P., Nicolson, N., & Jolles, J. (1990). Cortisol reactivity and cognitive performance in a continuous mental task paradigm. Biological Psychology, 31(2), 107–116.CrossRef

Bohnen, N., Nicolson, N., Sulon, J., & Jolles, J. (1991). Coping style, trait anxiety and cortisol reactivity during mental stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 35, 141–147.CrossRef

Born, J., Hitzler, V., Pietrowsky, R., Pauschinger, P., & Fehm, H. L. (1989). Influences of cortisol on auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and mood in humans. Neuropsychobiology, 20(3), 145–151.CrossRef

Born, J., Kern, W., Fehm-Wolfsdorf, G., & Fehm, H. L. (1987). Cortisol effects on attentional processes in man as indicated by event-related potentials. Psychophysiology, 24(3), 286–292.CrossRef

Bosch, J. A., Ring, C., de Geus, E. J. C., Veerman, E. C. I., & Amerongen, A. V. (2002). Stress and secretory immunity. International Review of Neurobiology, 52, 213–254.CrossRef

Brehm, J. W., & Self, E. A. (1989). The intensity of motivation. Annual Review of Psychology, 40(1), 109–131.CrossRef

Bruya, B. (2010). Introduction: Toward a theory of attention that includes effortless attention and action. In B. Bruya (Ed.), Effortless attention: A new perspective in the cognitive science of attention and action (pp. 1–28). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.CrossRef

Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1981). Attention and self-regulation: A control-theory approach to human behavior. New York, NY: Springer.CrossRef

Ceja, L., & Navarro, J. (2009). Dynamics of flow: A nonlinear perspective. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(6), 665–684.CrossRef

Charness, N., & Gerchak, Y. (1996). Participation rates and maximal performance: A log-linear explanation for group differences, such as Russian and male dominance in chess. Psychological Science, 7(1), 46–51.CrossRef

ChessBase GmbH. (2011). Fritz 13 by ChessBase [PC game]. Hamburg: ChessBase GmbH.

Clarke, S. G., & Haworth, J. T. (1994). Flow experience in the daily lives of six-form college students. The British Journal of Psychology, 85, 511–523.CrossRef

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety (1st ed.). The Jossey-Bass behavioral science series. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). The flow experience and its significance for human psychology. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 15–35). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1991). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience (1st ed.). New York: Harper & Row.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). If we are so rich, why aren’t we happy? American Psychologist, 54(10), 821–827.CrossRef

Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, I. (1988). Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness. Cambridge: University Press.CrossRef

Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Figurski, T. J. (1982). Self-awareness and aversive experience in everyday life. Journal of Personality, 50, 15–28.CrossRef

Csikszentmihalyi, M., & LeFevre, J. (1989). Optimal experience in work and leisure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(5), 815–822.CrossRef

de Kloet, E. R., Oitzl, M. S., & Joëls, M. (1999). Stress and cognition: Are corticosteroids good or bad guys? Trends in Neurosciences, 22(10), 422–426.CrossRef

de Manzano, Ö., Theorell, T., Harmat, L., & Ullén, F. (2010). The psychophysiology of flow during piano playing. Emotion, 10(3), 301–311.CrossRef

Diamond, D. M., Bennett, M. C., Fleshner, M., & Rose, G. M. (1992). Inverted-U relationship between the level of peripheral corticosterone and the magnitude of hippocampal primed burst potentiation. Hippocampus, 2(4), 421–430.CrossRef

Dickerson, S. S., Gruenewald, T. L., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). When the social self is threatened: Shame, physiology, and health. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1191–1216.CrossRef

Dickerson, S. S., Gruenewald, T. L., & Kemeny, M. E. (2011). Physiological effects of social threat: Implications for health. In J. Cacioppo & J. Decety (Eds.), Handbook of social neuroscience (pp. 787–803). New York: Oxford University Press.

Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 355–391.CrossRef

Ellis, G. D., Voelkl, J. E., & Morris, C. (1994). Measurements and analysis issues with explanation of variance in daily experience using the Flow model. Journal of Leisure Research, 26, 337–356.

Elo, A. E. (1986). The rating of chessplayers, past and present (2nd ed.). New York: Arco.

Engeser, S., & Baumann, N. (2014). Fluctuation of flow and affect in everyday life: A second look at the paradox of work. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17, 1–20.

Engeser, S., & Rheinberg, F. (2008). Flow, performance and moderators of challenge-skill balance. Motivation and Emotion, 32(3), 158–172.CrossRef

Fehm, H. L., & Born, J. (1987). Effects of corticotropin releasing hormone on human brain function: An analysis based on auditory evoked potentials. Hormone and Metabolism Research, 16, 75–79.

Fibiger, W., Evans, O., & Singer, G. (1986). Hormonal responses to graded mental workload. Journal of Applied Physiology, 55, 33–43.

Frankenhaeuser, M. (1991). The psychophysiology of workload, stress, and health: Comparison between sexes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 13, 197–204.

Gendolla, G. H. E. (2004). The intensity of motivation when the self is involved: An application of Brehm’s theory of motivation to effortrelated cardiovascular response. In R. A. Wright, J. Greenberg, & S. S. Brehm (Eds.), Motivational analyses of social behavior (pp. 205–244). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Gendolla, G. H. E., & Brinkmann, K. (2005). The role of mood states in self-regulation: Effects on action preferences and resource mobilization. European Psychologist, 10, 187–198.CrossRef

Gilbert, P. (1997). The evolution of social attractiveness and its role in shame, humiliation, guilt and therapy. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 70(2), 113–147.CrossRef

Gordis, E. B., Granger, D. A., Susman, E. J., & Trickett, P. K. (2006). Asymmetry between salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase reactivity to stress: Relation to agressive behavior in adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 976–987.CrossRef

Gotthardt, U., Schweiger, U., Fahrenberg, J., Lauer, C. J., Holsboer, F., & Heuser, I. (1995). Cortisol, ACTH, and cardiovascular response to a cognitive challenge paradigm in aging and depression. The American Journal of Physiology, 268(4), 865–873.

Greenwald, A. G. (1982). Ego task analysis: An integration of research on ego-involvement and self-awareness. In A. H. Hastorf & A. M. Isen (Eds.), Cognitive social psychology (pp. 109–147). New York, NY: Elsevier/North-Holland.

Haley, D. W., Weinberg, J., & Grunau, R. E. (2006). Cortisol, contingency learning, and memory in preterm and fullterm infants. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31(1), 108–117.CrossRef

Hebb, D. O. (1955). Drives and the CNS (conceptual nervous system). Psychological Review, 62(4), 243–254.CrossRef

Heim, C., Newport, D., Heit, S., Graham, Y., Wilcox, M., & Bonsall, R. (2000). Pituitary-adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284(5), 592–597.CrossRef

Henry, J. P. (1992). The biological basis of the stress response. Journal of Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 27, 66–83.CrossRef

Henry, J. P., & Grim, C. E. (1990). Psychosocial mechanisms of primary hypertension. Journal of Hypertension, 8(9), 783–793.CrossRef

Henry, J. P., & Meehan, J. P. (1981). Psychosocial stimuli, physiological specificity and cardiovascular disease. In H. Weiner, H. A. Hofer, & A. J. Stunkard (Eds.), Brain behavior and bodily disease (pp. 305–333). New York: Raven Press.

Holl, R., Fehm, H., Voigt, K., & Teller, W. (1984). The “Midday Surge” in plasma cortisol induced by mental stress. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 16(3), 158–159.CrossRef

Joëls, M., Pu, Z., Wiegert, O., Oitzl, M. S., & Krugers, H. J. (2006). Learning under stress: How does it work? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(4), 152–158.CrossRef

Keller, J., Bless, H., Blomann, F., & Kleinböhl, D. (2011). Physiological aspects of flow experiences: Skills-demand-compatibility effects on heart rate variability and salivary cortisol. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(4), 849–852.CrossRef

Kirschbaum, C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1994). Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research: Recent developments and applications. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 19, 313–333.CrossRef

Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K.-M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1993). The “Trier Social Stress Test”—A tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology, 28(1–2), 76–81.

Kirschbaum, C., Wüst, S., & Hellhammer, D. (1992). Consistent sex differences in cortisol responses to psychological stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 54(6), 648–657.CrossRef

Kopell, B. S., Wittner, W. K., Lunde, D., Warrick, G., & Edwards, D. (1970). Cortisol effects on averaged evoked potentials, alpha-rhythm, time estimation, and two-flash fusion threshold. Psychosomatic Medicine, 32(1), 39–49.CrossRef

Krohne, H. W., Egloff, B., Kohlmann, C.-W., & Tausch, A. (1996). Untersuchung mit einer deutschen Form der Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) [Study with a German form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)]. Diagnostica, 42, 139–156.

Lawrence, A. (1993). Analytical mistake. Chess Life, 48(3), 6.

Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lazarus, R. S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York: Springer.

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.

Lovallo, W. R., & Thomas, T. L. (2000). Stress hormones in psychophysiological research: Emotional, behavioral, and cognitive implications. In J. T. Cacioppo, L. G. Tassinary, & G. G. Berntson (Eds.), Handbook of psychophysiology (2nd ed., pp. 342–367). Cambridge, UK, New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.

Lundberg, U., & Frankenhaeuser, M. (1980). Pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal correlates of distress and effort. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 24(3–4), 125–130.CrossRef

Lupien, S. J., Maheu, F., Tu, M. T., Fiocco, A., & Schramek, T. E. (2007). The effects of stress and stress hormones on human cognition: Implications for the field of brain and cognition. Brain and Cognition, 65(3), 209–237.CrossRef

McEwen, B. S., & Sapolsky, R. M. (1995). Stress and cognitive function. Current Opinion Neurobiology, 5, 205–216.CrossRef

Meijen, C., Jones, M. V., Sheffield, D., & McCarthy, P. J. (2013). Challenge and threat states: Cardiovascular, affective, and cognitive responses to a sports-related speech task. Motivation and Emotion, 38, 252–262.CrossRef

Mölle, M., Albrecht, C., Marshall, L., Fehm, H. L., & Born, J. (1997). Adrenocorticotropin widens the focus of attention in humans. A nonlinear electroencephalographic analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 59(5), 497–502.CrossRef

Moller, A. C., Meier, B. P., & Wall, R. D. (2010). Developing an experimental induction of flow: Effortless action in the lab. In B. Bruya (Ed.), Effortless attention: A new perspective in the cognitive science of attention and action (pp. 191–204). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.CrossRef

Nater, U., & Rohleder, N. (2009). Salivary alpha-amylase as a non-invasive biomarker for the sympathetic nervous system: Current state of research. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34(4), 486–496.CrossRef

Peifer, C. (2012). Psychophysiological correlates of flow-experience. In S. Engeser (Ed.), Advances in flow research (pp. 139–165). New York: Springer.CrossRef

Peifer, C., Schächinger, H., Engeser, S., & Antoni, C. H. (2015). Cortisol effects on flow-experience. Psychopharmacology, 232(6), 1165–1173.CrossRef

Peifer, C., Schulz, A., Schächinger, H., Baumann, N., & Antoni, C. H. (2014). The relation of flow-experience and physiological arousal under stress—Can u shape it? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 53, 62–69.CrossRef

Peters, M. L., Godaert, G. L., Ballieux, R. E., van Vliet, M., Willemsen, J. J., Sweep, F. C., & Heijnen, C. J. (1998). Cardiovascular and endocrine responses to experimental stress: Effects of mental effort and controllability. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23(1), 1–17.CrossRef

Rheinberg, F. (2010). Intrinsische Motivation und Flow-Erleben [Intrinsic motivation and flow experience]. In J. Heckhausen & H. Heckhausen (Eds.), Motivation und Handeln [Motivation and action] (4th ed., pp. 365–388). Berlin, Germany: Springer.CrossRef

Rheinberg, F., & Vollmeyer, R. (2003). Flow-Erleben in einem Computerspiel unter experimentell variierten Bedingungen [Flow-experience in a computer game under experimentally controlled conditions]. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 211, 161–170.CrossRef

Rheinberg, F., & Vollmeyer, R. (2012). Motivation. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.

Rheinberg, F., Vollmeyer, R., & Engeser, S. (2003). Die Erfassung des Flow-Erlebens [The assessment of flow experience]. In J. Stiensmeier-Pelster & F. Rheinberg (Eds.), Diagnostik von Motivation und Selbstkonzept (pp. 261–279). Göttingen: Hogrefe.

Rogatko, T. P. (2009). The influence of flow on positive affect in college students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(2), 133–148.CrossRef

Rogosa, D. R., & Willett, J. B. (1983). Demonstrating the reliability of the difference score in the measurement of change. Journal of Educational Measurement, 20(4), 335–343.CrossRef

Salvador, A. (2012). Steroid hormones and some evolutionary-relevant social interactions. Motivation and Emotion, 36, 74–83.CrossRef

Serrano, M. A., Salvador, A., González-Bono, E., Sanchís, C., & Suay, F. (2000). Hormonal responses to competition. Psicothema, 12, 440–444.

Seta, C. E., & Seta, J. J. (1995). When audience presence is enjoyable: The influences of audience awareness of prior success on performance and task interest. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 16, 95–108.CrossRef

Sherwood, A., Allen, M. T., Fahrenberg, J., Kelsey, R. M., Lovallo, W. R., & van Doornen, L. J. P. (1990). Methodological guidelines for impedance cardiography. Psychophysiology, 27, 1–23.CrossRef

Skosnik, P. D., Chatterton, R. T, Jr, Swisher, T., & Park, S. (2000). Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol after psychological stress. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 36(1), 59–68.CrossRef

Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology. (1996). Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. European Heart Journal, 17(3), 354–381.CrossRef

Tomaka, J., & Palacios-Esquivel, R. L. (1997). Motivational systems and stress-related cardiovascular reactivity. Motivation and Emotion, 21, 275–296.CrossRef

Troubat, N., Fargeas-Gluck, M.-A., Tulppo, M., & Dugué, B. (2009). The stress of chess players as a model to study the effects of psychological stimuli on physiological responses: An example of substrate oxidation and heart rate variability in man. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 105(3), 343–349.CrossRef

Vogel, W., Raymond, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1959). Intrinsic motivation and psychological stress. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 225–233.CrossRef

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070.CrossRef

Weiner, H. (1992). Perturbing the organism: The biology of stressful experience. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation series on mental health and development. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Williams, R. H., & Zimmermann, D. W. (1996). Are simple gain scores obsolete? Applied Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 59–69.CrossRef

Wirth, M. M., Welsh, K. M., & Schultheiss, O. C. (2006). Salivary cortisol changes in humans after winning or losing a dominance contest depend on implicit power motivation. Hormones and Behavior, 49, 346–352.CrossRef

Wolkowitz, O. M. (1994). Prospective controlled studies of the behavioral and biological effects of exogenous corticosteroids. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 19(3), 233–255.CrossRef

Wright, R. A. (1996). Brehm’s theory of motivation as a model of effort and cardiovascular response. In P. M. Gollwitzer & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 424–453). New York: Guilford Press.

Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459–482.CrossRef

Titel: Inverted U-Shaped Function Between Flow and Cortisol Release During Chess Play
verfasst von: Tahmine Tozman
Yichelle Y. Zhang
Regina Vollmeyer
Publikationsdatum: 05.02.2016
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies / Ausgabe 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1389-4978
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7780
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9726-0

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2017

The Impact of Positive Psychological Interventions on Well-Being in Healthy Elderly People

Simply Satisfied: The Role of Psychological Need Satisfaction in the Life Satisfaction of Voluntary Simplifiers

Does Positive Mental Health in Adolescence Longitudinally Predict Healthy Transitions in Young Adulthood?

How do Curiosity, Meaning in Life, and Search for Meaning Predict College Students’ Daily Emotional Exhaustion and Engagement?

Gender Inequality in Europe and the Life Satisfaction of Working and Non-working Women

Perceptions of the Nature of Happiness: Cultural, but Related to the Dynamics of the Human Mind and the Gratification of General Needs