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Transportation

Erschienen in:

01.03.2016

Willingness to accept commuting time within the household: stated preference evidence

verfasst von: Jan-Erik Swärdh, Staffan Algers

Erschienen in: Transportation | Ausgabe 2/2016

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Abstract

In this study, stated preference data is used to derive estimated values of commuting time (VOCT). Both spouses in two-earner households are individually making trade-offs between commuting time and wage; both with regard to their own commuting time and wage only, as well as when both their own commuting time and wage and their spouse’s commuting time and wage are simultaneously changed. Thus, we are able to compare how male spouses and female spouses value each other’s commuting time. When only ones own commuting time and wage are attributes, the empirical results show that the estimated VOCT is plausible with a tendency towards high values compared to other studies, and that VOCT does not differ significantly between men and women. When decisions affecting commuting time and wage of both spouses are analyzed, both spouses value the commuting time of the wife highest. Further analysis show that this result is driven by households where the man has the highest income. If VOCT were to be gender specific in policy implications, the value might be higher for women than for men in two-earner households.

Vorheriger Artikel Identifying a behaviourally relevant choice set from stated choice data

Nächster Artikel Moving between mobility cultures: what affects the travel behavior of new residents?

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Note that there is a literature about the positive utility of commuting, which is not dealt with in this study. See e.g. Redmond and Mokhtarian (2001).

See Rosen (1986) for an overview of this theory.

That the commuting cost is unchanged when the commuting time is increased is realistic for public transport commuters who pay a fixed fee for a season ticket, but probably not realistic for car commuters. In “Sensitivity analysis” section we test whether the results are sensitive to car commuting.

1 Euro is approximately equal to 9 SEK.

As an example, the offer where commuting time is increased by 10 min implies in the case of five stated working days per week, a monthly commuting time increase of 433 min, i.e. 7 h and 13 min. In the offer where this level of commuting time increase is combined with 500 SEK higher net wage, the VOCT offer is approximately 69 SEK per hour.

Other terms for this type of model are random parameters logit or error components logit.

Economic theory suggests no inertia term, whereas most applications of VTT have found a positive inertia term (e.g. Algers et al. 1995; Hensher and Greene 2003).

Another possible distribution, also truncated at zero, is the Johnson SB distribution, which has a finite maximum and is therefore not skewed to the right. However, by following the recommendation of Meijer and Rouwendal (2006) to report the median of the lognormal distribution we believe that there is no overestimation of the VOCT.

That is about 80 percent of the total sample.

This finding, not presented in the table, holds for all forthcoming models and will not be specifically indicated hereafter.

We have also estimated model (8) without a mixed distribution, with the result that both men and women value the commuting time of the female spouse highest.

None of these estimated results are presented in tables but can be provided by the authors on request.

Calculated by assuming that the average monthly pre-tax wage for the men in this sample is 28,500 SEK. As given by the income class variables in Table 1, a monthly pre-tax income of 25,000 SEK corresponds to the 38th percentile while 30,000 SEK corresponds to the 55th percentile, therefore this is a reasonable assumption. By further assuming an average of 181 working hours per month derived from the average of the self-reported working hours per week multiplied by 4.33, the average pre-tax hourly wage rate for men in this sample is approximately 157 SEK. Estimated VOCT for men based on the first choice experiment is found to be between 93 and 118 SEK, which means a share of 59–75 % of the gross wage rate. For women, we assume an average monthly pre-tax wage of 22,000 and an average of 161 working hours per month, which leads to a VOCT share of about 71–84 % of the gross wage rate.

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Titel: Willingness to accept commuting time within the household: stated preference evidence
verfasst von: Jan-Erik Swärdh
Staffan Algers
Publikationsdatum: 01.03.2016
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Transportation / Ausgabe 2/2016
Print ISSN: 0049-4488
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-9435
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-014-9573-y

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