1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Stage 1: Search Strategy and Identification of Studies
2.2 Stage 2: Study Selection
2.3 Stage 3: Data Extraction and Quality Assessment
2.4 Stage 4: Data Synthesis
3 Narrative Review
3.1 Results
Published outcome measure | Healthy working life expectancy (HWLE) (Lievre et al. 2007) | Occupational handicap-free life expectancy (OHFLE) (Mutafova et al. 1996) | Occupationally active life expectancy (OALE) (Kaprio et al. 1996) | Working life expectancy in varying states of work ability (Nurminen et al. 2004) |
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Published research aim(s) | To measure successful ageing through societal engagement (working) and the absence of disease/disability in European countries | To understand population health through both morbidity and mortality data in Bulgaria | To investigate how total life expectancy and occupationally active life expectancy differ by socioeconomic status in Finland | To estimate the duration of work life spent in different states of work ability (work capacity) between ages 45 and 63 in Finland |
Health metric | Self-rated health | Clinical examination of work capacity | Clinical examination of work capacity | Self-rated work ability |
Statistical analyses presented | Multi-state life table estimates of years in health and work from age 50 using interpolated Markov chain modelling | Cumulative person-year life table estimates of time in no/light/moderate/severe occupational handicap (age 16–59) | Kaplan–Meier mean time-to-event estimates from age 20 to: certified work disability; death; or normal retirement age (age 65) | Health expectancies estimated from conditional probabilities of staying in work |
Derivation of work capacity duration from age 50 | N/A (use results as published) | Subtraction of 34 years from summed life expectancy estimates with light/no occupational handicap from age 16 | Subtraction of 50 years from the age at which work capacity is estimated to end (OALE) | Summation of life expectancy in good and in fair work ability from age 50 |
Estimate of number of years in health and work from age 50 | Europe average: males 7.5 years; females 4.8. UK: males 8.8 (n = 1336); females 5.8 (n = 1561). Finland: males 6.3 (n = 1403); females: 6.2 (n = 1397). (See Lievre et al. (2007) for more) | Males 6.8 years; females 8.5. (Study population was national population) | Executives 11.91 years (n = 127); clericals 9.77 (n = 314); skilled workers 8.31 (n = 578); unskilled workers 2.17 (n = 177); farmers 7.08 (n = 317). (All male) | Males 5.48 years (n = 3460); females 6.06 (n = 2797). |
3.2 Data Quality
Minimisation of bias related to: | HWLE (Lievre et al. 2007) | OHFLE (Mutafova et al. 1996) | OALE (Kaprio et al. 1996) | Working life expectancy with work ability (Nurminen et al. 2004) |
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Study participation | U | Y | P | P |
Study attrition | U | Y | U | U/P |
Factors associated with the outcome measurement | NA | NA | Y | NA |
The outcome measurement | Y | Y | Y | Y |
Study confounding | NA | NA | N | NA |
Analysis | Y | Y | P/Y | Y |
Research quality | Unclear | High | Acceptable | Acceptable |