Introduction
Motivation
Contributions
-
We propose an enhanced sum rate in the CCRRN using the sequential approach with a relay for future IoT systems, and formulate the sensing performance and the sum rate maximization problem in the conventional non-sequential approach with no relay [38]. The proposed sequential approach with and without a relay, requires us to use a utilization reporting framework to solve the maximization problem for the conventional non-sequential approach.
-
The proposed sequential approach in the CCRRN with and without a relay, is considered a noisy reporting channel between the SU and the CH due to SU members in the cluster often being at a distance from each other.
-
We propose an efficient reporting mechanism in which each SU achieves a longer/flexible sensing time slot to sense the PU signal due to a utilization reporting framework that employs the sequential approach in the CCRRN with a relay.
-
We empirically examine the sensing performances at SUs, CHs and the FC by extending the sensing time slots with and without a relay using the SDF scheme i.e., \(\text{`}n-out-of-k-rule {\text{'}}\).
-
Based on the false alarm and detection probabilities, the sum rate of the PN and CCRRN are analyzed using the conventional non-sequential approach in the CCRRN with no relay and the proposed sequential approach in the CCRRN with and without a relay.
-
We calculate the optimal false alarm probability (Lemma 3) which enhances the sum rate in the proposed sequential approach in the CCRRN with and without a relay; compared with the conventional non-sequential approach in the CCRRN with no relay.
Organization
Parameters | Meaning |
---|---|
\(H(H_0/H_1)\)
| Hypotheses (absent/present) |
\(\tau _s(\tau _s^{con}/\tau _s^{prop})\)
| Sensing time slot (in the conventional non-sequential approach/ in the proposed sequential approach) |
\(\tau _r(\tau _{r,SU}/\tau _{r,CH})\)
| Reporting time slot (reporting time slot at the SU/CH) |
\(P_{f,k}^{con(0)}\)
| Probability of false alarm in the conventional non-sequential approach with no relay at the kth cluster |
\(P_{f,k}^{prop(1)}\)
| Probability of false alarm in the proposed sequential approach with a relay at the kth cluster |
\(P_{f,k}^{prop(2)}\)
| Probability of false alarm in the proposed sequential approach with no relay at the kth cluster |
\(P_{d,k}^{con(0)}\)
| Probability of detection in the conventional non-sequential approach with no relay at the kth cluster |
\(P_{d,k}^{prop(1)}\)
| Probability of detection in the proposed sequential approach with a relay at the kth cluster |
\(P_{d,k}^{prop(2)}\)
| Probability of detection in the proposed sequential approach with no relay at the kth cluster |
\(P_{f, k}^{*}\)
| The optimal probability of false alarm at the kth cluster |
\(\lambda _k^{con}\)
| Decision threshold in the conventional non-sequential approach with no relay at the kth cluster |
\(\lambda _k^{prop}\)
| Decision threshold in the proposed sequential approach with a relay at the kth cluster |
\(P_{f,FC}^{m}/P_{d,FC}^{m}\)
| Global decision under binary hypotheses at the FC, here m stands for (0, 1, 2) |
\(P_t/\gamma _j/\gamma _k\)
| Amplify power at each SU/ the signal to noise ratio at the jth SU/ the signal to noise ratio at the kth cluster |
\(Q(\cdot)/Q^{-1}(\cdot)\)
| Gaussian/ inverse Gaussian tail function |
\(\delta _d\)
| The network end-to-end delay in the conventional non-sequential approach with no relay/the proposed sequential approach with and without a relay |
Related works
System model
Energy detection technique
Conventional non-sequential approach in the CCRRN
Proposed sequential approach in the CCRRN utilizing the reporting framework
Spectrum sensing analysis
Sum rate analysis
Simulation results and discussion
Parameters | Value |
---|---|
The total number of SUs, N | 12 |
The total number of CHs, K | 3 |
The sampling frequency, \(F_s\) | 300 kHz |
The sensing time, \(\tau _s\) | 300 ms |
The reporting time at the SU, \(\tau _{r,SU}\) | 30 ms |
The reporting time at the CH, \(\tau _{r,CH}\) | 30 ms |
The PUs signal, x(l) | BPSK |
The channel noise, w(l) and the reporting channel noise, z(l) | CSCG |
The SNR of PU, \(SNR_{PU}\) | 10 dB |
Approaches | Probability of detection\(P_d\) | Probability of false alarm \(P_f\) | Figures | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conventional approach |
\(CH_1\)
|
\(CH_2\)
|
\(CH_3\)
|
FC
|
\(CH_1\)
|
\(CH_2\)
|
\(CH_3\)
|
FC
| Fig. 5 |
0.54 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | ||
Proposed approach with no relay | 0.58 | 0.62 | 0.68 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | Fig. 6 |
Proposed approach with a relay | 0.59 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.84 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | Fig. 7 |
Items | Conventional approach | Prop. approach with no relay | Prop. approach with a relay | Figure |
---|---|---|---|---|
\(P_d\)
| 0.70 | 0.80 | 0.84 | Fig. 8 |
\(P_f\)
| 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
Items | Conventional approach | Prop. approach with no relay | Prop. approach with a relay | Figure |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sum rate | 2.50 | 2.62 | 2.75 | Fig. 9 |
\(P_f\)
| 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 |
Items | Conventional approach | Prop. approach with no relay | Prop. approach with a relay | Figure |
---|---|---|---|---|
\(P_f^*\)
| 0.49 | 0.41 | 0.39 | Fig. 11 |
\(\rho\)
| 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 |