Skip to main content

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

2. Literature Review

verfasst von : Fadzil Noor Gonawan

Erschienen in: Immobilized β-Galactosidase-Mediated Conversion of Lactose: Process, Kinetics and Modeling Studies

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The enzymatic conversion of lactose to galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) is impeded by the galactose inhibitor. The inhibition effects on the enzymes can be minimized by enzymatic membrane reactor where the inhibitors can be continuously removed from the reaction system. This review focuses on the β-galactosidase-catalyzed conversion of lactose in the membrane reactors. The effect of reaction parameters, its reaction kinetic, and mechanism is also discussed. In addition, the review covers the type of reactors employed for lactose conversion and exploring the appropriate setup or configuration of an enzymatic membrane reactor for continuous reaction and separation. The basic of the mass transfer model in the membrane is also discussed.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Albayrak N, Yang ST (2002) Immobilization of β-galactosidase on fibrous matrix by polyethyleneimine for production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose. Biotechnol Prog 18(2):240–251PubMedCrossRef Albayrak N, Yang ST (2002) Immobilization of β-galactosidase on fibrous matrix by polyethyleneimine for production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose. Biotechnol Prog 18(2):240–251PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Albayrak N, Yang ST (2002) Production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose by Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase immobilized on cotton cloth. Biotechnol Bioeng 77(1):8–19PubMedCrossRef Albayrak N, Yang ST (2002) Production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose by Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase immobilized on cotton cloth. Biotechnol Bioeng 77(1):8–19PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Ansari SA, Husain Q (2012) Lactose hydrolysis from milk/whey in batch and continuous processes by concanavalin A-Celite 545 immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β galactosidase. Food Bioprod Process 90(2):351–359CrossRef Ansari SA, Husain Q (2012) Lactose hydrolysis from milk/whey in batch and continuous processes by concanavalin A-Celite 545 immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β galactosidase. Food Bioprod Process 90(2):351–359CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Baker RW (2004) Membrane Technology and Applications, 2nd edn. Wiley, ChichesterCrossRef Baker RW (2004) Membrane Technology and Applications, 2nd edn. Wiley, ChichesterCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Benjamins E, Boxem L, KleinJan-Noeverman J, Broekhuis TA (2014) Assessment of repetitive batch-wise synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose slurry using immobilised β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. Int Dairy J 38(2):160–168CrossRef Benjamins E, Boxem L, KleinJan-Noeverman J, Broekhuis TA (2014) Assessment of repetitive batch-wise synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose slurry using immobilised β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. Int Dairy J 38(2):160–168CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernal C, Sierra L, Mesa M (2012) Improvement of thermal stability of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans by multipoint covalent immobilization in hierarchical macro-mesoporous silica. J Mol Catal B Enzym 84:166–172CrossRef Bernal C, Sierra L, Mesa M (2012) Improvement of thermal stability of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans by multipoint covalent immobilization in hierarchical macro-mesoporous silica. J Mol Catal B Enzym 84:166–172CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhatia S, Sing Long W, Harun Kamaruddin A (2004) Enzymatic membrane reactor for the kinetic resolution of racemic ibuprofen ester: Modeling and experimental studies. Chem Eng Sci 59(22–23):5061–5068CrossRef Bhatia S, Sing Long W, Harun Kamaruddin A (2004) Enzymatic membrane reactor for the kinetic resolution of racemic ibuprofen ester: Modeling and experimental studies. Chem Eng Sci 59(22–23):5061–5068CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Boon M, Janssen A, Van der Padt A (1999) Modelling and parameter estimation of the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides by β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. Biotechnol Bioeng 64(5):558–567PubMedCrossRef Boon M, Janssen A, Van der Padt A (1999) Modelling and parameter estimation of the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides by β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. Biotechnol Bioeng 64(5):558–567PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bowen W, Mohammad AW (1998) Characterization and prediction of nanofiltration membrane performance—A general assessment. Chem Eng Res Des 76(8):885–893CrossRef Bowen W, Mohammad AW (1998) Characterization and prediction of nanofiltration membrane performance—A general assessment. Chem Eng Res Des 76(8):885–893CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bowen WR, Welfoot JS (2002) Modelling the performance of membrane nanofiltration—Critical assessment and model development. Chem Eng Sci 57(7):1121–1137CrossRef Bowen WR, Welfoot JS (2002) Modelling the performance of membrane nanofiltration—Critical assessment and model development. Chem Eng Sci 57(7):1121–1137CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruins M, Strubel M, Van Lieshout J, Janssen A, Boom R (2003) Oligosaccharide synthesis by the hyperthermostable β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus: Kinetics and modelling. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 33(1):3–11CrossRef Bruins M, Strubel M, Van Lieshout J, Janssen A, Boom R (2003) Oligosaccharide synthesis by the hyperthermostable β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus: Kinetics and modelling. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 33(1):3–11CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Cardelle-Cobas A, Corzo N, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Olano A, Villamiel M (2011) Effect of reaction conditions on lactulose-derived trisaccharides obtained by transgalactosylation with β-galactosidase of Kluyveromyces lactis. Eur Food Res Technol 233(1):89–94CrossRef Cardelle-Cobas A, Corzo N, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Olano A, Villamiel M (2011) Effect of reaction conditions on lactulose-derived trisaccharides obtained by transgalactosylation with β-galactosidase of Kluyveromyces lactis. Eur Food Res Technol 233(1):89–94CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Cavaille D, Combes D (1995) Characterization of β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 22(1):55–64 Cavaille D, Combes D (1995) Characterization of β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 22(1):55–64
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Chakraborty S, Drioli E, Giorno L (2012) Development of a two separate phase submerged biocatalytic membrane reactor for the production of fatty acids and glycerol from residual vegetable oil streams. Biomass Bioenerg 46:574–583CrossRef Chakraborty S, Drioli E, Giorno L (2012) Development of a two separate phase submerged biocatalytic membrane reactor for the production of fatty acids and glycerol from residual vegetable oil streams. Biomass Bioenerg 46:574–583CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Chan C, Bérubé P, Hall E (2011) Relationship between types of surface shear stress profiles and membrane fouling. Water Res 45(19):6403–6416PubMedCrossRef Chan C, Bérubé P, Hall E (2011) Relationship between types of surface shear stress profiles and membrane fouling. Water Res 45(19):6403–6416PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheison SC, Wang Z, Xu S-Y (2007) Multivariate strategy in screening of enzymes to be used for whey protein hydrolysis in an enzymatic membrane reactor. Int Dairy J 17(4):393–402CrossRef Cheison SC, Wang Z, Xu S-Y (2007) Multivariate strategy in screening of enzymes to be used for whey protein hydrolysis in an enzymatic membrane reactor. Int Dairy J 17(4):393–402CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen C-S, Hsu C-K, Chiang B-H (2002) Optimization of the enzymic process for manufacturing low-lactose milk containing oligosaccharides. Process Biochem 38(5):801–808CrossRef Chen C-S, Hsu C-K, Chiang B-H (2002) Optimization of the enzymic process for manufacturing low-lactose milk containing oligosaccharides. Process Biochem 38(5):801–808CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen W, Chen H, Xia Y, Yang J, Zhao J, Tian F, Zhang H, Zhang H (2009) Immobilization of recombinant thermostable β-galactosidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus for lactose hydrolysis in milk. J Dairy Sci 92(2):491–498PubMedCrossRef Chen W, Chen H, Xia Y, Yang J, Zhao J, Tian F, Zhang H, Zhang H (2009) Immobilization of recombinant thermostable β-galactosidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus for lactose hydrolysis in milk. J Dairy Sci 92(2):491–498PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Cho Y-J, Shin H-J, Bucke C (2003) Purification and biochemical properties of a galactooligosaccharide producing β-galactosidase from Bullera singularis. Biotech Lett 25(24):2107–2111CrossRef Cho Y-J, Shin H-J, Bucke C (2003) Purification and biochemical properties of a galactooligosaccharide producing β-galactosidase from Bullera singularis. Biotech Lett 25(24):2107–2111CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Chockchaisawasdee S, Athanasopoulos VI, Niranjan K, Rastall RA (2005) Synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharide from lactose using β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis: Studies on batch and continuous UF membrane-fitted bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 89(4):434–443CrossRefPubMed Chockchaisawasdee S, Athanasopoulos VI, Niranjan K, Rastall RA (2005) Synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharide from lactose using β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis: Studies on batch and continuous UF membrane-fitted bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 89(4):434–443CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen Y (1988) Hydrodynamic thickness of adsorbed polymers in steady shear flow. Macromolecules 21(2):494–499CrossRef Cohen Y (1988) Hydrodynamic thickness of adsorbed polymers in steady shear flow. Macromolecules 21(2):494–499CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Coker JA, Brenchley JE (2006) Protein engineering of a cold-active β-galactosidase from Arthrobacter sp. SB to increase lactose hydrolysis reveals new sites affecting low temperature activity. Extremophiles 10(6):515–524PubMedCrossRef Coker JA, Brenchley JE (2006) Protein engineering of a cold-active β-galactosidase from Arthrobacter sp. SB to increase lactose hydrolysis reveals new sites affecting low temperature activity. Extremophiles 10(6):515–524PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Cowan DA, Daniel RM, Martin AM, Morgan HW (1984) Some properties of a β-galactosidase from an extremely thermophilic bacterium. Biotechnol Bioeng 26(10):1141–1145PubMedCrossRef Cowan DA, Daniel RM, Martin AM, Morgan HW (1984) Some properties of a β-galactosidase from an extremely thermophilic bacterium. Biotechnol Bioeng 26(10):1141–1145PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Czermak P, Ebrahimi M, Grau K, Netz S, Sawatzki G, Pfromm PH (2004) Membrane-assisted enzymatic production of galactosyl-oligosaccharides from lactose in a continuous process. J Membr Sci 232(1):85–91CrossRef Czermak P, Ebrahimi M, Grau K, Netz S, Sawatzki G, Pfromm PH (2004) Membrane-assisted enzymatic production of galactosyl-oligosaccharides from lactose in a continuous process. J Membr Sci 232(1):85–91CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Das R, Sen D, Sarkar A, Bhattacharyya S, Bhattacharjee C (2010) A comparative study on the production of galacto-oligosaccharide from whey permeate in recycle membrane reactor and in enzymatic batch reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(2):806–816CrossRef Das R, Sen D, Sarkar A, Bhattacharyya S, Bhattacharjee C (2010) A comparative study on the production of galacto-oligosaccharide from whey permeate in recycle membrane reactor and in enzymatic batch reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(2):806–816CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Dechadilok P, Deen WM (2006) Hindrance factors for diffusion and convection in pores. Ind Eng Chem Res 45(21):6953–6959CrossRef Dechadilok P, Deen WM (2006) Hindrance factors for diffusion and convection in pores. Ind Eng Chem Res 45(21):6953–6959CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Dekker RF (1989) Immobilization of a lactase onto a magnetic support by covalent attachment to polyethyleneimine-glutaraldehyde-activated magnetite. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 22(3):289–310PubMedCrossRef Dekker RF (1989) Immobilization of a lactase onto a magnetic support by covalent attachment to polyethyleneimine-glutaraldehyde-activated magnetite. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 22(3):289–310PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Deschavanne PJ, Viratelle OM, Yon JM (1978) Conformational adaptability of the active site of beta-galactosidase. Interaction of the enzyme with some substrate analogous effectors. Journal of Biological Chemistry 253 (3):833–837 Deschavanne PJ, Viratelle OM, Yon JM (1978) Conformational adaptability of the active site of beta-galactosidase. Interaction of the enzyme with some substrate analogous effectors. Journal of Biological Chemistry 253 (3):833–837
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Dickson RC, Dickson LR, Markin JS (1979) Purification and properties of an inducible beta-galactosidase isolated from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. J Bacteriol 137(1):51–61PubMedPubMedCentral Dickson RC, Dickson LR, Markin JS (1979) Purification and properties of an inducible beta-galactosidase isolated from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. J Bacteriol 137(1):51–61PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Ebrahimi M, Placido L, Engel L, Ashaghi KS, Czermak P (2010) A novel ceramic membrane reactor system for the continuous enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides. Desalination 250(3):1105–1108CrossRef Ebrahimi M, Placido L, Engel L, Ashaghi KS, Czermak P (2010) A novel ceramic membrane reactor system for the continuous enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides. Desalination 250(3):1105–1108CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Edward JT (1970) Molecular volumes and the stokes-einstein equation. J Chem Educ 47(4):261CrossRef Edward JT (1970) Molecular volumes and the stokes-einstein equation. J Chem Educ 47(4):261CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Engel L, Schneider P, Ebrahimi M, Czermak P (2007) Immobilization of β-galactosidase in adsorptive membranes for the continuous production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose. Open Food Sci J 1:17–23CrossRef Engel L, Schneider P, Ebrahimi M, Czermak P (2007) Immobilization of β-galactosidase in adsorptive membranes for the continuous production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose. Open Food Sci J 1:17–23CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Fischer C, Kleinschmidt T (2015) Synthesis of galactooligosaccharides using sweet and acid whey as a substrate. Int Dairy J 48:15–22CrossRef Fischer C, Kleinschmidt T (2015) Synthesis of galactooligosaccharides using sweet and acid whey as a substrate. Int Dairy J 48:15–22CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Fischer J, Guidini CZ, Santana LNS, de Resende MM, Cardoso VL, Ribeiro EJ (2013) Optimization and modeling of lactose hydrolysis in a packed bed system using immobilized β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. J Mol Catal B Enzym 85–86:178–186CrossRef Fischer J, Guidini CZ, Santana LNS, de Resende MM, Cardoso VL, Ribeiro EJ (2013) Optimization and modeling of lactose hydrolysis in a packed bed system using immobilized β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. J Mol Catal B Enzym 85–86:178–186CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Foda MI, Lopez-Leiva M (2000) Continuous production of oligosaccharides from whey using a membrane reactor. Process Biochem 35(6):581–587CrossRef Foda MI, Lopez-Leiva M (2000) Continuous production of oligosaccharides from whey using a membrane reactor. Process Biochem 35(6):581–587CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Freitas FF, Marquez LD, Ribeiro GP, Brandão GC, Cardoso VL, Ribeiro EJ (2011) A comparison of the kinetic properties of free and immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase. Biochem Eng J 58:33–38CrossRef Freitas FF, Marquez LD, Ribeiro GP, Brandão GC, Cardoso VL, Ribeiro EJ (2011) A comparison of the kinetic properties of free and immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase. Biochem Eng J 58:33–38CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaur R, Pant H, Jain R, Khare SK (2006) Galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis by immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase. Food Chem 97(3):426–430CrossRef Gaur R, Pant H, Jain R, Khare SK (2006) Galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis by immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase. Food Chem 97(3):426–430CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Giorno L, Drioli E (2000) Biocatalytic membrane reactors: applications and perspectives. Trends Biotechnol 18(8):339–349PubMedCrossRef Giorno L, Drioli E (2000) Biocatalytic membrane reactors: applications and perspectives. Trends Biotechnol 18(8):339–349PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonzalez R, Ebrahimi M, Czermak P (2009) Experimental and modeling study of galactosyl-oligosaccharides formation in continuous recycle membrane reactors (CRMR). Open Food Sci J 3:1–9CrossRef Gonzalez R, Ebrahimi M, Czermak P (2009) Experimental and modeling study of galactosyl-oligosaccharides formation in continuous recycle membrane reactors (CRMR). Open Food Sci J 3:1–9CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Goodman RE, Pederson DM (1976) β-Galactosidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Can J Microbiol 22(6):817–825PubMedCrossRef Goodman RE, Pederson DM (1976) β-Galactosidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Can J Microbiol 22(6):817–825PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Gosling A, Alftrén J, Stevens GW, Barber AR, Kentish SE, Gras SL (2009) Facile pretreatment of Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase increases the yield of galactosyl oligosaccharides in milk and lactose reaction systems. J Agric Food Chem 57(24):11570–11574PubMedCrossRef Gosling A, Alftrén J, Stevens GW, Barber AR, Kentish SE, Gras SL (2009) Facile pretreatment of Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase increases the yield of galactosyl oligosaccharides in milk and lactose reaction systems. J Agric Food Chem 57(24):11570–11574PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Guidini CZ, Fischer J, Santana LNS, Cardoso VL, Ribeiro EJ (2010) Immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase in ion exchange resins by combined ionic-binding method and cross-linking. Biochem Eng J 52(2):137–143CrossRef Guidini CZ, Fischer J, Santana LNS, Cardoso VL, Ribeiro EJ (2010) Immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase in ion exchange resins by combined ionic-binding method and cross-linking. Biochem Eng J 52(2):137–143CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Güleç H, Gürdaş S, Albayrak N, Mutlu M (2010) Immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase on low-pressure plasma-modified cellulose acetate membrane using polyethyleneimine for production of galactooligosaccharide. Biotechnol Bioproc E 15(6):1006–1015CrossRef Güleç H, Gürdaş S, Albayrak N, Mutlu M (2010) Immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase on low-pressure plasma-modified cellulose acetate membrane using polyethyleneimine for production of galactooligosaccharide. Biotechnol Bioproc E 15(6):1006–1015CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Güleç HA (2013) Immobilization of β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis onto polymeric membrane surfaces: Effect of surface characteristics. Colloids Surf, B 104:83–90CrossRef Güleç HA (2013) Immobilization of β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis onto polymeric membrane surfaces: Effect of surface characteristics. Colloids Surf, B 104:83–90CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Gürdaş S, Güleç HA, Mutlu M (2012) Immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase onto Duolite A568 resin via simple adsorption mechanism. Food Bioprocess Technol 5(3):904–911CrossRef Gürdaş S, Güleç HA, Mutlu M (2012) Immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase onto Duolite A568 resin via simple adsorption mechanism. Food Bioprocess Technol 5(3):904–911CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Haider T, Husain Q (2007) Calcium alginate entrapped preparations of Aspergillus oryzae β galactosidase: Its stability and applications in the hydrolysis of lactose. Int J Biol Macromol 41(1):72–80PubMedCrossRef Haider T, Husain Q (2007) Calcium alginate entrapped preparations of Aspergillus oryzae β galactosidase: Its stability and applications in the hydrolysis of lactose. Int J Biol Macromol 41(1):72–80PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Hernández FJ, Antonia P, Gómez D, Rubio M, Víllora G (2006) A new recirculating enzymatic membrane reactor for ester synthesis in ionic liquid/supercritical carbon dioxide biphasic systems. Appl Catal B 67(1):121–126CrossRef Hernández FJ, Antonia P, Gómez D, Rubio M, Víllora G (2006) A new recirculating enzymatic membrane reactor for ester synthesis in ionic liquid/supercritical carbon dioxide biphasic systems. Appl Catal B 67(1):121–126CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Heyman MB (2006) Lactose intolerance in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics 118(3):1279–1286CrossRefPubMed Heyman MB (2006) Lactose intolerance in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics 118(3):1279–1286CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Holsinger VH (2012) Lactose. In: Wong NP, Jenness R, Keeny M, Marth EH (eds) Fundamentals of dairy chemistry, 3rd edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, pp 279–296 Holsinger VH (2012) Lactose. In: Wong NP, Jenness R, Keeny M, Marth EH (eds) Fundamentals of dairy chemistry, 3rd edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, pp 279–296
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Hsu C-A, Lee S-L, Chou C-C (2007) Enzymatic production of galactooligosaccharides by β-galactosidase from Bifidobacterium longum BCRC 15708. J Agric Food Chem 55(6):2225–2230PubMedCrossRef Hsu C-A, Lee S-L, Chou C-C (2007) Enzymatic production of galactooligosaccharides by β-galactosidase from Bifidobacterium longum BCRC 15708. J Agric Food Chem 55(6):2225–2230PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Huerta LM, Vera C, Guerrero C, Wilson L, Illanes A (2011) Synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides at very high lactose concentrations with immobilized β-galactosidases from Aspergillus oryzae. Process Biochem 46(1):245–252CrossRef Huerta LM, Vera C, Guerrero C, Wilson L, Illanes A (2011) Synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides at very high lactose concentrations with immobilized β-galactosidases from Aspergillus oryzae. Process Biochem 46(1):245–252CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunziker O, Nissen B (1927) Lactose solubility and lactose crystal formation. J Dairy Sci 10(2):139–154CrossRef Hunziker O, Nissen B (1927) Lactose solubility and lactose crystal formation. J Dairy Sci 10(2):139–154CrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Ida S (2014) PES (Poly(ether sulfone)), Polysulfone. In: Kobayashi S, Müllen K (eds) Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–8 Ida S (2014) PES (Poly(ether sulfone)), Polysulfone. In: Kobayashi S, Müllen K (eds) Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–8
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Illanes A (2011) Whey upgrading by enzyme biocatalysis. Electron J Biotechnol 4(6):1–9 Illanes A (2011) Whey upgrading by enzyme biocatalysis. Electron J Biotechnol 4(6):1–9
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Iqbal S, Nguyen T-H, Nguyen HA, Nguyen TT, Maischberger T, Kittl R, Haltrich D (2011) Characterization of a heterodimeric GH2 β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus sakei Lb790 and formation of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides. J Agric Food Chem 59(8):3803–3811PubMedCrossRef Iqbal S, Nguyen T-H, Nguyen HA, Nguyen TT, Maischberger T, Kittl R, Haltrich D (2011) Characterization of a heterodimeric GH2 β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus sakei Lb790 and formation of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides. J Agric Food Chem 59(8):3803–3811PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Iqbal S, Nguyen T-H, Nguyen TT, Maischberger T, Haltrich D (2010) β-Galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1: Biochemical characterization and formation of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides. Carbohyd Res 345(10):1408–1416CrossRef Iqbal S, Nguyen T-H, Nguyen TT, Maischberger T, Haltrich D (2010) β-Galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1: Biochemical characterization and formation of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides. Carbohyd Res 345(10):1408–1416CrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Ishikawa E, Sakai T, Ikemura H, Matsumoto K, Abe H (2005) Identification, cloning, and characterization of a Sporobolomyces singularis β-galactosidase-like enzyme involved in galacto-oligosaccharide production. J Biosci Bioeng 99(4):331–339PubMedCrossRef Ishikawa E, Sakai T, Ikemura H, Matsumoto K, Abe H (2005) Identification, cloning, and characterization of a Sporobolomyces singularis β-galactosidase-like enzyme involved in galacto-oligosaccharide production. J Biosci Bioeng 99(4):331–339PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Iwasaki K-I , Nakajima M, Nakao S-I (1996) Galacto-oligosaccharide production from lactose by an enzymic batch reaction using β-galactosidase. Process Biochem 31(1):69–76CrossRef Iwasaki K-I , Nakajima M, Nakao S-I (1996) Galacto-oligosaccharide production from lactose by an enzymic batch reaction using β-galactosidase. Process Biochem 31(1):69–76CrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Ji E-S, Park N-H, Oh D-K (2005) Galacto-oligosaccharide production by a thermostable recombinant β-galactosidase from Thermotoga maritima. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 21(5):759–764CrossRef Ji E-S, Park N-H, Oh D-K (2005) Galacto-oligosaccharide production by a thermostable recombinant β-galactosidase from Thermotoga maritima. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 21(5):759–764CrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Jochems P, Satyawali Y, Van Roy S, Doyen W, Diels L, Dejonghe W (2011) Characterization and optimization of β-galactosidase immobilization process on a mixed-matrix membrane. Enzyme Microb Technol 49(6):580–588PubMedCrossRef Jochems P, Satyawali Y, Van Roy S, Doyen W, Diels L, Dejonghe W (2011) Characterization and optimization of β-galactosidase immobilization process on a mixed-matrix membrane. Enzyme Microb Technol 49(6):580–588PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Jovanovic-Malinovska R, Fernandes P, Winkelhausen E, Fonseca L (2012) Galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis from lactose and whey by β-galactosidase immobilized in PVA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 168(5):1197–1211CrossRefPubMed Jovanovic-Malinovska R, Fernandes P, Winkelhausen E, Fonseca L (2012) Galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis from lactose and whey by β-galactosidase immobilized in PVA. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 168(5):1197–1211CrossRefPubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Jurado E, Camacho F, Luzon G, Vicaria J (2002) A new kinetic model proposed for enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose by a β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 31(3):300–309CrossRef Jurado E, Camacho F, Luzon G, Vicaria J (2002) A new kinetic model proposed for enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose by a β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 31(3):300–309CrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Jurado E, Camacho F, Luzon G, Vicaria J (2004) Kinetic model for lactose hidrolysis in a recirculation hollow-fibre bioreactor. Chem Eng Sci 59(2):397–405CrossRef Jurado E, Camacho F, Luzon G, Vicaria J (2004) Kinetic model for lactose hidrolysis in a recirculation hollow-fibre bioreactor. Chem Eng Sci 59(2):397–405CrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Jurado E, Camacho F, Luzon G, Vicaria J (2006) Influence of the hollow-fibre membrane on the stability of β-galactosidase and on lactose hydrolysis: Kinetic models including adsorption of the enzyme onto the membrane. Enzyme Microbial Technol 39(5):1008–1015CrossRef Jurado E, Camacho F, Luzon G, Vicaria J (2006) Influence of the hollow-fibre membrane on the stability of β-galactosidase and on lactose hydrolysis: Kinetic models including adsorption of the enzyme onto the membrane. Enzyme Microbial Technol 39(5):1008–1015CrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim CS, Ji E-S, Oh D-K (2004) A new kinetic model of recombinant β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis for both hydrolysis and transgalactosylation reactions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 316(3):738–743CrossRefPubMed Kim CS, Ji E-S, Oh D-K (2004) A new kinetic model of recombinant β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis for both hydrolysis and transgalactosylation reactions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 316(3):738–743CrossRefPubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Kovács Z, Samhaber W (2008) Characterization of nanofiltration membranes with uncharged solutes. Membrántechnika 12(2):22–36 Kovács Z, Samhaber W (2008) Characterization of nanofiltration membranes with uncharged solutes. Membrántechnika 12(2):22–36
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Ladero M, Santos A, Garcia-Ochoa F (2000) Kinetic modeling of lactose hydrolysis with an immobilized β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis. Enzyme Microbial Technol 27(8):583–592CrossRef Ladero M, Santos A, Garcia-Ochoa F (2000) Kinetic modeling of lactose hydrolysis with an immobilized β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis. Enzyme Microbial Technol 27(8):583–592CrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Ladero M, Santos A, Garcıa J, Carrascosa A, Pessela B, Garcia-Ochoa F (2002) Studies on the activity and the stability of β-galactosidases from Thermus sp strain T2 and from Kluyveromyces fragilis. Enzyme Microbial Technol 30(3):392–405CrossRef Ladero M, Santos A, Garcıa J, Carrascosa A, Pessela B, Garcia-Ochoa F (2002) Studies on the activity and the stability of β-galactosidases from Thermus sp strain T2 and from Kluyveromyces fragilis. Enzyme Microbial Technol 30(3):392–405CrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Lau SY, Gonawan FN, Kamaruddin AH, Uzir MH (2013) Enzymatic deracemization of (R, S)-ibuprofen ester via lipase-catalyzed membrane reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 52(27):9441–9453CrossRef Lau SY, Gonawan FN, Kamaruddin AH, Uzir MH (2013) Enzymatic deracemization of (R, S)-ibuprofen ester via lipase-catalyzed membrane reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 52(27):9441–9453CrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Li W, Sun Y, Ye H, Zeng X (2010) Synthesis of oligosaccharides with lactose and N-acetylglucosamine as substrates by using β-d-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. Eur Food Res Technol 231(1):55–63CrossRef Li W, Sun Y, Ye H, Zeng X (2010) Synthesis of oligosaccharides with lactose and N-acetylglucosamine as substrates by using β-d-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. Eur Food Res Technol 231(1):55–63CrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Li W, Xiang X, Tang S, Hu B, Tian L, Sun Y, Ye H, Zeng X (2009) Effective enzymatic synthesis of lactosucrose and its analogues by β-D-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. J Agric Food Chem 57(9):3927–3933PubMedCrossRef Li W, Xiang X, Tang S, Hu B, Tian L, Sun Y, Ye H, Zeng X (2009) Effective enzymatic synthesis of lactosucrose and its analogues by β-D-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. J Agric Food Chem 57(9):3927–3933PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindmark-Månsson H, Fondén R, Pettersson H-E (2003) Composition of Swedish dairy milk. Int Dairy J 13(6):409–425CrossRef Lindmark-Månsson H, Fondén R, Pettersson H-E (2003) Composition of Swedish dairy milk. Int Dairy J 13(6):409–425CrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Lineweaver H, Burk D (1934) The determination of enzyme dissociation constants. J Am Chem Soc 56(3):658–666CrossRef Lineweaver H, Burk D (1934) The determination of enzyme dissociation constants. J Am Chem Soc 56(3):658–666CrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahoney RR (1998) Galactosyl-oligosaccharide formation during lactose hydrolysis: a review. Food Chem 63(2):147–154CrossRef Mahoney RR (1998) Galactosyl-oligosaccharide formation during lactose hydrolysis: a review. Food Chem 63(2):147–154CrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Maischberger T, Leitner E, Nitisinprasert S, Juajun O, Yamabhai M, Nguyen TH, Haltrich D (2010) β-Galactosidase from Lactobacillus pentosus: Purification, characterization and formation of galacto-oligosaccharides. Biotechnol J 5(8):838–847PubMedCrossRef Maischberger T, Leitner E, Nitisinprasert S, Juajun O, Yamabhai M, Nguyen TH, Haltrich D (2010) β-Galactosidase from Lactobacillus pentosus: Purification, characterization and formation of galacto-oligosaccharides. Biotechnol J 5(8):838–847PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Maksimainen M, Paavilainen S, Hakulinen N, Rouvinen J (2012) Structural analysis, enzymatic characterization, and catalytic mechanisms of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans sp. alkalophilus. FEBS J 279(10):1788–1798PubMedCrossRef Maksimainen M, Paavilainen S, Hakulinen N, Rouvinen J (2012) Structural analysis, enzymatic characterization, and catalytic mechanisms of β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans sp. alkalophilus. FEBS J 279(10):1788–1798PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Marangoni AG (2003) Enzyme kinetics: a modern approach. Wiley, New Jersey Marangoni AG (2003) Enzyme kinetics: a modern approach. Wiley, New Jersey
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Martínez-Villaluenga C, Cardelle-Cobas A, Corzo N, Olano A, Villamiel M (2008) Optimization of conditions for galactooligosaccharide synthesis during lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis (Lactozym 3000 L HP G). Food Chem 107(1):258–264CrossRef Martínez-Villaluenga C, Cardelle-Cobas A, Corzo N, Olano A, Villamiel M (2008) Optimization of conditions for galactooligosaccharide synthesis during lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis (Lactozym 3000 L HP G). Food Chem 107(1):258–264CrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Mateo C, Monti R, Pessela BC, Fuentes M, Torres R, Manuel Guisán J, Fernández‐Lafuente R (2004) Immobilization of lactase from Kluyveromyces lactis greatly reduces the inhibition promoted by glucose. Full hydrolysis of lactose in milk. Biotechnol Prog 20(4):1259–1262 Mateo C, Monti R, Pessela BC, Fuentes M, Torres R, Manuel Guisán J, Fernández‐Lafuente R (2004) Immobilization of lactase from Kluyveromyces lactis greatly reduces the inhibition promoted by glucose. Full hydrolysis of lactose in milk. Biotechnol Prog 20(4):1259–1262
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Maugard T, Gaunt D, Legoy MD, Besson T (2003) Microwave-assisted synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose with immobilized β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis. Biotech Lett 25(8):623–629CrossRef Maugard T, Gaunt D, Legoy MD, Besson T (2003) Microwave-assisted synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose with immobilized β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis. Biotech Lett 25(8):623–629CrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Mozaffar Z, Nakanishi K, Matsuno R (1986) Continuous production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose using immobilized β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 25(3):224–228 Mozaffar Z, Nakanishi K, Matsuno R (1986) Continuous production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose using immobilized β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 25(3):224–228
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagy E (2012) Basic equations of the mass transport through a membrane layer. Elsevier, London Nagy E (2012) Basic equations of the mass transport through a membrane layer. Elsevier, London
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagy E, Kulcsár E, Nagy A (2011) Membrane mass transport by nanofiltration: coupled effect of the polarization and membrane layers. J Membr Sci 368(1):215–222CrossRef Nagy E, Kulcsár E, Nagy A (2011) Membrane mass transport by nanofiltration: coupled effect of the polarization and membrane layers. J Membr Sci 368(1):215–222CrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakagawa T, Fujimoto Y, Ikehata R, Miyaji T, Tomizuka N (2006) Purification and molecular characterization of cold-active β-galactosidase from Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus strain F2. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 72(4):720–725PubMedCrossRef Nakagawa T, Fujimoto Y, Ikehata R, Miyaji T, Tomizuka N (2006) Purification and molecular characterization of cold-active β-galactosidase from Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus strain F2. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 72(4):720–725PubMedCrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakkharat P, Haltrich D (2006) Purification and characterisation of an intracellular enzyme with beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activity from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces thermophilus CBS 236.58. J. Biotechnology 123(3):304–313 Nakkharat P, Haltrich D (2006) Purification and characterisation of an intracellular enzyme with beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activity from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces thermophilus CBS 236.58. J. Biotechnology 123(3):304–313
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakkharat P, Haltrich D (2007) β-Galactosidase from Talaromyces thermophilus immobilized on to Eupergit C for production of galacto-oligosaccharides during lactose hydrolysis in batch and packed-bed reactor. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23(6):759–764CrossRef Nakkharat P, Haltrich D (2007) β-Galactosidase from Talaromyces thermophilus immobilized on to Eupergit C for production of galacto-oligosaccharides during lactose hydrolysis in batch and packed-bed reactor. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23(6):759–764CrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Nath A, Bhattacharjee C, Chowdhury R (2013) Synthesis and separation of galacto-oligosaccharides using membrane bioreactor. Desalination 316:31–41CrossRef Nath A, Bhattacharjee C, Chowdhury R (2013) Synthesis and separation of galacto-oligosaccharides using membrane bioreactor. Desalination 316:31–41CrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Neri DF, Balcão VM, Costa RS, Rocha IC, Ferreira EM, Torres DP, Rodrigues LR, Carvalho LB, Teixeira JA (2009) Galacto-oligosaccharides production during lactose hydrolysis by free Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase and immobilized on magnetic polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol. Food Chem 115(1):92–99CrossRef Neri DF, Balcão VM, Costa RS, Rocha IC, Ferreira EM, Torres DP, Rodrigues LR, Carvalho LB, Teixeira JA (2009) Galacto-oligosaccharides production during lactose hydrolysis by free Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase and immobilized on magnetic polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol. Food Chem 115(1):92–99CrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Neuhaus W, Novalin S, Klimacek M, Splechtna B, Petzelbauer I, Szivak A, Kulbe KD (2006) Optimization of an innovative hollow-fiber process to produce lactose-reduced skim milk. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 134(1):1–14PubMedCrossRef Neuhaus W, Novalin S, Klimacek M, Splechtna B, Petzelbauer I, Szivak A, Kulbe KD (2006) Optimization of an innovative hollow-fiber process to produce lactose-reduced skim milk. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 134(1):1–14PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat T-h Nguyen, Splechtna B, Steinböck M, Kneifel W, Lettner HP, Kulbe KD, Haltrich D (2006) Purification and characterization of two novel β-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri. J Agric Food Chem 54(14):4989–4998CrossRef T-h Nguyen, Splechtna B, Steinböck M, Kneifel W, Lettner HP, Kulbe KD, Haltrich D (2006) Purification and characterization of two novel β-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri. J Agric Food Chem 54(14):4989–4998CrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Novalin S, Neuhaus W, Kulbe KD (2005) A new innovative process to produce lactose-reduced skim milk. J Biotechnol 119(2):212–218PubMedCrossRef Novalin S, Neuhaus W, Kulbe KD (2005) A new innovative process to produce lactose-reduced skim milk. J Biotechnol 119(2):212–218PubMedCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Ochoa J-C, Coufort C, Escudié R, Liné A, Paul E (2007) Influence of non-uniform distribution of shear stress on aerobic biofilms. Chem Eng Sci 62(14):3672–3684CrossRef Ochoa J-C, Coufort C, Escudié R, Liné A, Paul E (2007) Influence of non-uniform distribution of shear stress on aerobic biofilms. Chem Eng Sci 62(14):3672–3684CrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Osman A, Symeou S, Trisse V, Watson KA, Tzortzis G, Charalampopoulos D (2014) Synthesis of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides from lactose using bifidobacterial β-galactosidase (BbgIV) immobilised on DEAE-Cellulose, Q-Sepharose and amino-ethyl agarose. Biochem Eng J 82:188–199CrossRef Osman A, Symeou S, Trisse V, Watson KA, Tzortzis G, Charalampopoulos D (2014) Synthesis of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides from lactose using bifidobacterial β-galactosidase (BbgIV) immobilised on DEAE-Cellulose, Q-Sepharose and amino-ethyl agarose. Biochem Eng J 82:188–199CrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Palai T, Bhattacharya PK (2013) Kinetics of lactose conversion to galacto-oligosaccharides by β-galactosidase immobilized on PVDF membrane. J Biosci Bioeng 115(6):668–673PubMedCrossRef Palai T, Bhattacharya PK (2013) Kinetics of lactose conversion to galacto-oligosaccharides by β-galactosidase immobilized on PVDF membrane. J Biosci Bioeng 115(6):668–673PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Palai T, Mitra S, Bhattacharya PK (2012) Kinetics and design relation for enzymatic conversion of lactose into galacto-oligosaccharides using commercial grade β-galactosidase. J Biosci Bioeng 114(4):418–423PubMedCrossRef Palai T, Mitra S, Bhattacharya PK (2012) Kinetics and design relation for enzymatic conversion of lactose into galacto-oligosaccharides using commercial grade β-galactosidase. J Biosci Bioeng 114(4):418–423PubMedCrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Palmer T, Bonner PL (2007) Enzymes: biochemistry, biotechnology and clinical chemistry, 2nd edn. Woodhead Publishing, CambridgeCrossRef Palmer T, Bonner PL (2007) Enzymes: biochemistry, biotechnology and clinical chemistry, 2nd edn. Woodhead Publishing, CambridgeCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Park A-R, Oh D-K (2010) Effects of galactose and glucose on the hydrolysis reaction of a thermostable β-galactosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85(5):1427–1435PubMedCrossRef Park A-R, Oh D-K (2010) Effects of galactose and glucose on the hydrolysis reaction of a thermostable β-galactosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85(5):1427–1435PubMedCrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Park A-R, Oh D-K (2010) Galacto-oligosaccharide production using microbial β-galactosidase: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85(5):1279–1286PubMedCrossRef Park A-R, Oh D-K (2010) Galacto-oligosaccharide production using microbial β-galactosidase: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 85(5):1279–1286PubMedCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Park H-Y, Kim H-J, Lee J-K, Kim D, Oh D-K (2008) Galactooligosaccharide production by a thermostable β-galactosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24(8):1553–1558CrossRef Park H-Y, Kim H-J, Lee J-K, Kim D, Oh D-K (2008) Galactooligosaccharide production by a thermostable β-galactosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24(8):1553–1558CrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Park Y, Santi M, Pastore G (1979) Production and characterization of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. J Food Sci 44(1):100–103CrossRef Park Y, Santi M, Pastore G (1979) Production and characterization of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. J Food Sci 44(1):100–103CrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Pessela BCC, Mateo C, Fuentes M, Vian A, Garcı́a JL, Carrascosa AV, Guisán JM, Fernández-Lafuente R (2003) The immobilization of a thermophilic β-galactosidase on Sepabeads supports decreases product inhibition: Complete hydrolysis of lactose in dairy products. Enzym Microb Technol 33(2):199–205CrossRef Pessela BCC, Mateo C, Fuentes M, Vian A, Garcı́a JL, Carrascosa AV, Guisán JM, Fernández-Lafuente R (2003) The immobilization of a thermophilic β-galactosidase on Sepabeads supports decreases product inhibition: Complete hydrolysis of lactose in dairy products. Enzym Microb Technol 33(2):199–205CrossRef
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Pisani FM, Rella R, Raia CA, Rozzo C, Nucci R, Gambacorta A, Rosa M, Rossi M (1990) Thermostable β‐galactosidase from the archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus. Purification and properties. Eur J Biochem 187(2):321–328PubMedCrossRef Pisani FM, Rella R, Raia CA, Rozzo C, Nucci R, Gambacorta A, Rosa M, Rossi M (1990) Thermostable β‐galactosidase from the archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus. Purification and properties. Eur J Biochem 187(2):321–328PubMedCrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Pocedičová K, Čurda L, Mišún D, Dryáková A, Diblíková L (2010) Preparation of galacto-oligosaccharides using membrane reactor. J Food Eng 99(4):479–484CrossRef Pocedičová K, Čurda L, Mišún D, Dryáková A, Diblíková L (2010) Preparation of galacto-oligosaccharides using membrane reactor. J Food Eng 99(4):479–484CrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Portaccio M, Stellato S, Rossi S, Bencivenga U, Eldin MM, Gaeta F, Mita D (1998) Galactose competitive inhibition of β-galactosidase (Aspergillus oryzae) immobilized on chitosan and nylon supports. Enzym Microb Technol 23(1):101–106CrossRef Portaccio M, Stellato S, Rossi S, Bencivenga U, Eldin MM, Gaeta F, Mita D (1998) Galactose competitive inhibition of β-galactosidase (Aspergillus oryzae) immobilized on chitosan and nylon supports. Enzym Microb Technol 23(1):101–106CrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Ren H, Fei J, Shi X, Zhao T, Cheng H, Zhao N, Chen Y, Ying H (2015) Continuous ultrafiltration membrane reactor coupled with nanofiltration for the enzymatic synthesis and purification of galactosyl-oligosaccharides. Sep Purif Technol 144:70–79CrossRef Ren H, Fei J, Shi X, Zhao T, Cheng H, Zhao N, Chen Y, Ying H (2015) Continuous ultrafiltration membrane reactor coupled with nanofiltration for the enzymatic synthesis and purification of galactosyl-oligosaccharides. Sep Purif Technol 144:70–79CrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Rhimi M, Boisson A, Dejob M, Boudebouze S, Maguin E, Haser R, Aghajari N (2010) Efficient bioconversion of lactose in milk and whey: Immobilization and biochemical characterization of a β-galactosidase from the dairy Streptococcus thermophilus LMD9 strain. Res Microbiol 161(7):515–525PubMedCrossRef Rhimi M, Boisson A, Dejob M, Boudebouze S, Maguin E, Haser R, Aghajari N (2010) Efficient bioconversion of lactose in milk and whey: Immobilization and biochemical characterization of a β-galactosidase from the dairy Streptococcus thermophilus LMD9 strain. Res Microbiol 161(7):515–525PubMedCrossRef
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodriguez-Colinas B, de Abreu MA, Fernandez-Arrojo L, de Beer R, Poveda A, Jimenez-Barbero J, Haltrich D, Ballesteros Olmo AO, Fernandez-Lobato M, Plou FJ (2011) Production of galacto-oligosaccharides by the β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis: Comparative analysis of permeabilized cells versus soluble enzyme. J Agric Food Chem 59(19):10477–10484PubMedCrossRef Rodriguez-Colinas B, de Abreu MA, Fernandez-Arrojo L, de Beer R, Poveda A, Jimenez-Barbero J, Haltrich D, Ballesteros Olmo AO, Fernandez-Lobato M, Plou FJ (2011) Production of galacto-oligosaccharides by the β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis: Comparative analysis of permeabilized cells versus soluble enzyme. J Agric Food Chem 59(19):10477–10484PubMedCrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodriguez-Colinas B, Poveda A, Jimenez-Barbero J, Ballesteros AO, Plou FJ (2012) Galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis from lactose solution or skim milk using the β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. J Agric Food Chem 60(25):6391–6398PubMedCrossRef Rodriguez-Colinas B, Poveda A, Jimenez-Barbero J, Ballesteros AO, Plou FJ (2012) Galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis from lactose solution or skim milk using the β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. J Agric Food Chem 60(25):6391–6398PubMedCrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodriguez-Fernandez M, Cardelle-Cobas A, Villamiel M, Banga JR (2011) Detailed kinetic model describing new oligosaccharides synthesis using different β-galactosidases. J Biotechnol 153(3):116–124PubMedCrossRef Rodriguez-Fernandez M, Cardelle-Cobas A, Villamiel M, Banga JR (2011) Detailed kinetic model describing new oligosaccharides synthesis using different β-galactosidases. J Biotechnol 153(3):116–124PubMedCrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Rustom IY, Foda MI, Lopez-Leiva M (1998) Formation of oligosaccharides from whey UF-permeate by enzymatic hydrolysis—analysis of factors. Food Chem 62(2):141–147CrossRef Rustom IY, Foda MI, Lopez-Leiva M (1998) Formation of oligosaccharides from whey UF-permeate by enzymatic hydrolysis—analysis of factors. Food Chem 62(2):141–147CrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarney DB, Hale C, Frankel G, Vulfson EN (2000) A novel approach to the recovery of biologically active oligosaccharides from milk using a combination of enzymatic treatment and nanofiltration. Biotechnol Bioeng 69(4):461–467PubMedCrossRef Sarney DB, Hale C, Frankel G, Vulfson EN (2000) A novel approach to the recovery of biologically active oligosaccharides from milk using a combination of enzymatic treatment and nanofiltration. Biotechnol Bioeng 69(4):461–467PubMedCrossRef
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Sen D, Sarkar A, Gosling A, Gras SL, Stevens GW, Kentish SE, Bhattacharya PK, Barber AR, Bhattacharjee C (2011) Feasibility study of enzyme immobilization on polymeric membrane: a case study with enzymatically galacto-oligosaccharides production from lactose. J Membr Sci 378(1–2):471–478CrossRef Sen D, Sarkar A, Gosling A, Gras SL, Stevens GW, Kentish SE, Bhattacharya PK, Barber AR, Bhattacharjee C (2011) Feasibility study of enzyme immobilization on polymeric membrane: a case study with enzymatically galacto-oligosaccharides production from lactose. J Membr Sci 378(1–2):471–478CrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Sen P, Bhattacharjee C, Bhattacharya P (2016) Experimental studies and two-dimensional modelling of a packed bed bioreactor used for production of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from milk whey. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 39(3):361–380PubMedCrossRef Sen P, Bhattacharjee C, Bhattacharya P (2016) Experimental studies and two-dimensional modelling of a packed bed bioreactor used for production of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from milk whey. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 39(3):361–380PubMedCrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Sen P, Nath A, Bhattacharjee C, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharya P (2014) Process engineering studies of free and micro-encapsulated β-galactosidase in batch and packed bed bioreactors for production of galactooligosaccharides. Biochem Eng J 90:59–72CrossRef Sen P, Nath A, Bhattacharjee C, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharya P (2014) Process engineering studies of free and micro-encapsulated β-galactosidase in batch and packed bed bioreactors for production of galactooligosaccharides. Biochem Eng J 90:59–72CrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Shin H-J, Yang J-W (1994) Galacto-oligosaccharide production by β-galactosidase in hydrophobic organic media. Biotech Lett 16(11):1157–1162CrossRef Shin H-J, Yang J-W (1994) Galacto-oligosaccharide production by β-galactosidase in hydrophobic organic media. Biotech Lett 16(11):1157–1162CrossRef
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Shukla H, Chaplin M (1993) Nocompetitive inhibition of β-galactosidase (A. oryzae) by galactose. Enzym Microb Technol 15(4):297–299CrossRef Shukla H, Chaplin M (1993) Nocompetitive inhibition of β-galactosidase (A. oryzae) by galactose. Enzym Microb Technol 15(4):297–299CrossRef
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Silva V, Prádanos P, Palacio L, Calvo J, Hernández A (2009) Relevance of hindrance factors and hydrodynamic pressure gradient in the modelization of the transport of neutral solutes across nanofiltration membranes. Chem Eng J 149(1):78–86CrossRef Silva V, Prádanos P, Palacio L, Calvo J, Hernández A (2009) Relevance of hindrance factors and hydrodynamic pressure gradient in the modelization of the transport of neutral solutes across nanofiltration membranes. Chem Eng J 149(1):78–86CrossRef
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Smithers GW (2008) Whey and whey proteins—From ‘gutter-to-gold’. Int Dairy J 18(7):695–704CrossRef Smithers GW (2008) Whey and whey proteins—From ‘gutter-to-gold’. Int Dairy J 18(7):695–704CrossRef
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Sohrabi MR, Marjani A, Moradi S, Davallo M, Shirazian S (2011) Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of CO2 transport through hollow-fiber membranes. Appl Math Model 35(1):174–188CrossRef Sohrabi MR, Marjani A, Moradi S, Davallo M, Shirazian S (2011) Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of CO2 transport through hollow-fiber membranes. Appl Math Model 35(1):174–188CrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Splechtna B, Nguyen T-H, Haltrich D (2007) Comparison between discontinuous and continuous lactose conversion processes for the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides using β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus reuteri. J Agric Food Chem 55(16):6772–6777PubMedCrossRef Splechtna B, Nguyen T-H, Haltrich D (2007) Comparison between discontinuous and continuous lactose conversion processes for the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides using β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus reuteri. J Agric Food Chem 55(16):6772–6777PubMedCrossRef
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Splechtna B, Nguyen T-H, Steinböck M, Kulbe KD, Lorenz W, Haltrich D (2006) Production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose using β-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri. J Agric Food Chem 54(14):4999–5006PubMedCrossRef Splechtna B, Nguyen T-H, Steinböck M, Kulbe KD, Lorenz W, Haltrich D (2006) Production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose using β-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri. J Agric Food Chem 54(14):4999–5006PubMedCrossRef
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Splechtna B, Nguyen T-H, Zehetner R, Lettner HP, Lorenz W, Haltrich D (2007) Process development for the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose using β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus sp. Biotechnol J 2(4):480–485PubMedCrossRef Splechtna B, Nguyen T-H, Zehetner R, Lettner HP, Lorenz W, Haltrich D (2007) Process development for the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose using β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus sp. Biotechnol J 2(4):480–485PubMedCrossRef
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Swagerty DL, Walling AD, Klein RM (2002) Lactose intolerance. Am Fam Phys 65(9):1845–1860 Swagerty DL, Walling AD, Klein RM (2002) Lactose intolerance. Am Fam Phys 65(9):1845–1860
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanaka Y, Kagamiishi A, Kiuchi A, Horiuchi T (1975) Purification and properties of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. J Biochem 77(1):241–247PubMed Tanaka Y, Kagamiishi A, Kiuchi A, Horiuchi T (1975) Purification and properties of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. J Biochem 77(1):241–247PubMed
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Toba T, Yokota A, Adachi S (1985) Oligosaccharide structures formed during the hydrolysis of lactose by Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase. Food Chem 16(2):147–162CrossRef Toba T, Yokota A, Adachi S (1985) Oligosaccharide structures formed during the hydrolysis of lactose by Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase. Food Chem 16(2):147–162CrossRef
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Todorova-Balvay D, Stoilova I, Gargova S, Vijayalakshmi MA (2006) An efficient two step purification and molecular characterization of β-galactosidases from Aspergillus oryzae. J Mol Recognit 19(4):299–304PubMedCrossRef Todorova-Balvay D, Stoilova I, Gargova S, Vijayalakshmi MA (2006) An efficient two step purification and molecular characterization of β-galactosidases from Aspergillus oryzae. J Mol Recognit 19(4):299–304PubMedCrossRef
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Torres P, Batista-Viera F (2012) Improved biocatalysts based on Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase immobilized onto epoxy-activated acrylic supports: applications in whey processing. J Mol Catal B Enzym 83:57–64CrossRef Torres P, Batista-Viera F (2012) Improved biocatalysts based on Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase immobilized onto epoxy-activated acrylic supports: applications in whey processing. J Mol Catal B Enzym 83:57–64CrossRef
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Trusek-Holownia A, Noworyta A (2007) An integrated process: Ester synthesis in an enzymatic membrane reactor and water sorption. J Biotechnol 130(1):47–56PubMedCrossRef Trusek-Holownia A, Noworyta A (2007) An integrated process: Ester synthesis in an enzymatic membrane reactor and water sorption. J Biotechnol 130(1):47–56PubMedCrossRef
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Urrutia P, Br Rodriguez-Colinas, Fernandez-Arrojo L, Ballesteros AO, Wilson L, As Illanes, Plou FJ (2013) Detailed analysis of galactooligosaccharides synthesis with β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. J Agric Food Chem 61(5):1081–1087CrossRefPubMed Urrutia P, Br Rodriguez-Colinas, Fernandez-Arrojo L, Ballesteros AO, Wilson L, As Illanes, Plou FJ (2013) Detailed analysis of galactooligosaccharides synthesis with β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. J Agric Food Chem 61(5):1081–1087CrossRefPubMed
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Vera C, Guerrero C, Conejeros R, Illanes A (2012) Synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides by β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae using partially dissolved and supersaturated solution of lactose. Enzym Microb Technol 50(3):188–194CrossRef Vera C, Guerrero C, Conejeros R, Illanes A (2012) Synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides by β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae using partially dissolved and supersaturated solution of lactose. Enzym Microb Technol 50(3):188–194CrossRef
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Vera C, Guerrero C, Illanes A (2011) Determination of the transgalactosylation activity of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase: effect of pH, temperature, and galactose and glucose concentrations. Carbohyd Res 346(6):745–752CrossRef Vera C, Guerrero C, Illanes A (2011) Determination of the transgalactosylation activity of Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase: effect of pH, temperature, and galactose and glucose concentrations. Carbohyd Res 346(6):745–752CrossRef
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Vera C, Guerrero C, Illanes A, Conejeros R (2011) A pseudo steady-state model for galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis with β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Biotechnol Bioeng 108(10):2270–2279PubMedCrossRef Vera C, Guerrero C, Illanes A, Conejeros R (2011) A pseudo steady-state model for galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis with β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. Biotechnol Bioeng 108(10):2270–2279PubMedCrossRef
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Verma ML, Barrow CJ, Kennedy J, Puri M (2012) Immobilization of β-d-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis on functionalized silicon dioxide nanoparticles: Characterization and lactose hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 50(2):432–437PubMedCrossRef Verma ML, Barrow CJ, Kennedy J, Puri M (2012) Immobilization of β-d-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis on functionalized silicon dioxide nanoparticles: Characterization and lactose hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 50(2):432–437PubMedCrossRef
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Vetere A, Paoletti S (1998) Separation and characterization of three β-galactosidases from Bacillus circulans. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects 1380(2):223–231CrossRef Vetere A, Paoletti S (1998) Separation and characterization of three β-galactosidases from Bacillus circulans. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects 1380(2):223–231CrossRef
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Warmerdam A, Paudel E, Jia W, Boom RM, Janssen AE (2013) Characterization of β-galactosidase isoforms from Bacillus circulans and their contribution to GOS production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 170(2):340–358PubMedCrossRef Warmerdam A, Paudel E, Jia W, Boom RM, Janssen AE (2013) Characterization of β-galactosidase isoforms from Bacillus circulans and their contribution to GOS production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 170(2):340–358PubMedCrossRef
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Warmerdam A, Zisopoulos FK, Boom RM, Janssen AE (2014) Kinetic characterization of galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) synthesis by three commercially important β-galactosidases. Biotechnol Prog 30(1):38–47PubMedCrossRef Warmerdam A, Zisopoulos FK, Boom RM, Janssen AE (2014) Kinetic characterization of galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) synthesis by three commercially important β-galactosidases. Biotechnol Prog 30(1):38–47PubMedCrossRef
137.
Zurück zum Zitat Weetall HH, Havewala NB, Pitcher WH, Detar CC, Vann WP, Yaverbaum S (1974) The preparation of immobilized lactase and its use in the enzymatic hydrolysis of acid whey. Biotechnol Bioeng 16(3):295–313CrossRef Weetall HH, Havewala NB, Pitcher WH, Detar CC, Vann WP, Yaverbaum S (1974) The preparation of immobilized lactase and its use in the enzymatic hydrolysis of acid whey. Biotechnol Bioeng 16(3):295–313CrossRef
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Wierzbicki L, Kosikowski F (1973) Food syrups from acid whey treated with β-galactosidase of Aspergillus niger. J Dairy Sci 56(9):1182–1184CrossRef Wierzbicki L, Kosikowski F (1973) Food syrups from acid whey treated with β-galactosidase of Aspergillus niger. J Dairy Sci 56(9):1182–1184CrossRef
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Wijmans J, Baker R (1995) The solution-diffusion model: a review. J Membr Sci 107(1):1–21CrossRef Wijmans J, Baker R (1995) The solution-diffusion model: a review. J Membr Sci 107(1):1–21CrossRef
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Yanahira S, Kobayashi T, Suguri T, Nakakoshi M, Miura S, Ishikawa H, Nakajima I (1995) Formation of oligosaccharides from lactose by Bacillus circulans beta-galactosidase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 59(6):1021–1026PubMedCrossRef Yanahira S, Kobayashi T, Suguri T, Nakakoshi M, Miura S, Ishikawa H, Nakajima I (1995) Formation of oligosaccharides from lactose by Bacillus circulans beta-galactosidase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 59(6):1021–1026PubMedCrossRef
141.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang ST, Okos MR (1989) A new graphical method for determining parameters in Michaelis–Menten-type kinetics for enzymatic lactose hydrolysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 34(6):763–773PubMedCrossRef Yang ST, Okos MR (1989) A new graphical method for determining parameters in Michaelis–Menten-type kinetics for enzymatic lactose hydrolysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 34(6):763–773PubMedCrossRef
142.
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng P, Yu H, Sun Z, Ni Y, Zhang W, Fan Y, Xu Y (2006) Production of galacto-oligosaccharides by immobilized recombinant β-galactosidase from Aspergillus candidus. Biotechnol J 1(12):1464–1470CrossRefPubMed Zheng P, Yu H, Sun Z, Ni Y, Zhang W, Fan Y, Xu Y (2006) Production of galacto-oligosaccharides by immobilized recombinant β-galactosidase from Aspergillus candidus. Biotechnol J 1(12):1464–1470CrossRefPubMed
143.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou QZ, Chen XD (2001) Effects of temperature and pH on the catalytic activity of the immobilized β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis. Biochem Eng J 9(1):33–40CrossRef Zhou QZ, Chen XD (2001) Effects of temperature and pH on the catalytic activity of the immobilized β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis. Biochem Eng J 9(1):33–40CrossRef
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou QZ, Chen XD, Li X (2003) Kinetics of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase of Kluyveromyces lactis immobilized on cotton fabric. Biotechnol Bioeng 81(2):127–133CrossRefPubMed Zhou QZ, Chen XD, Li X (2003) Kinetics of lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase of Kluyveromyces lactis immobilized on cotton fabric. Biotechnol Bioeng 81(2):127–133CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Literature Review
verfasst von
Fadzil Noor Gonawan
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Verlag
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3468-9_2