nach oben

Erschienen in:

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

12. Manufacturing Sector in Punjab: Evolution, Growth Dynamism, Key Concerns and Rejuvenation Strategy

verfasst von : Varinder Jain

Erschienen in: Economic Transformation of a Developing Economy

Verlag: Springer Singapore

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Despite being the agrarian economy, the state of Punjab has witnessed a rapid growth of sound manufacturing sector that catered not only the domestic needs but its products contributed significantly to export markets. However, the growth trajectory has not been smooth. In the recent past, Punjab’s manufacturing segment received setbacks that resulted in a slow growth in both absolute and relative sense. This study along with tracing historical evolution of manufacturing sector in the agrarian state of Punjab examines its growth, since 1970–71, in comparison to the states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. It also provides a comparative assessment of Punjab’s industrial policy framework vis-à-vis that was adopted by the states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Growth, Employment and Structural Change: Punjab Versus 16 Major States of India

Nächstes Kapitel Service Sector and Economic Growth in Punjab

With the enactment of Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966, the Greater Punjab was trifurcated into three states, viz. Punjab (current), Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.

A large chunk of this canal-irrigated area came to the share of Pakistan at the time of India’s independence in 1947.

See, Footnote 9.

Banerjee (1982, pp. 47–76) provides a detailed account of the growth of commercial agriculture in Punjab during the British rule.

Similar has been the observation made by Mukherjee (1985, p. 65) as she points out “Yet in spite of all these ‘advantages’, there is no evidence of a progressive transformation of agriculture along capitalist lines, either by the index of a rapid increase in productivity through investment of capital in agricultural production, or by that of a growth of capitalist relations in agriculture”.

Such a choice by the money-lenders was also guided by the fact that they were not granted any rights over the land.

An Indian reprint of this monograph got published in 1983, see, Thorburn (1983).

It increased further to 887 in 1939 (as per the Annual Report on the Working of the Indian Factories Act in the Punjab, as quoted in Saini (1975)).

For a detailed protection to the industry, see Saini (1975, pp. 263–265).

Anwar (1953) points out that at the eve of independence, 40 % of the industry of the Punjab was located in Lahore alone.

For example, 30 % of the output of the hosiery industry was readily consumed in the markets of West Punjab.

In the agricultural sector, the refugees in East Punjab had to bear the net loss of about 20 lakh acres of land besides their compromise with the land quality. Moreover, the East Punjab got only three million canal-irrigated acres out of a total of over fourteen million acres.

Prime among them had been the Craik Technical Institute, the Dyeing and Calico Printing Institute, the Weaving Demonstration Factory, the Central Pottery Agency, etc.

As many as 18,54,188 Muslims belonging to 22 different tribes of artisans and menials migrated to Pakistan. They constituted 38.6 % of the total Muslim population of the Punjab (GoP 1950, p. 159).

Vakil (1950) points out that for India, the value of products manufactured got increased from Rs. 6.9 crores in 1946 to Rs. 8.2 crores in 1947 but for East Punjab, it has fallen from Rs. 2.2 crores in 1946 to Rs. 1.4 crores in 1947. Similarly, the value added by manufacture in East Punjab decreased from Rs. 86 lakhs in 1946 to Rs. 59 lakhs in 1947.

Earlier the loans advanced under this Act needed some immovable property as security but after partition, it provided loans up to Rs. 2000 merely on two good personal securities without their having to pledge any property for the purpose.

Significant among these have been 29 Gandhi Memorial Scholarships for students specialising in various crafts. Five of these scholarships valued £300 each for training abroad. The rest carried Rs. 100 per month each for training within the country.

Initially, the state started forty two such centres to teach a number of crafts. The state also paid, for the first 3 months, stipends to facilitate them during the initial training period but thereafter, the trainees were paid standard daily wages.

These work centres operated at Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Abdullapur, Panipat, Sonepat, Rohtak and Hissar.

Ahluwalia IJ, Chaudhuri S, Sidhu S (2007) Punjab industrial review. Study funded by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Government of India and United Nations Industrial Development Organisation

Ali I (1987) Malign growth? Agricultural colonization and the roots of backwardness in the Punjab. Past and Present 114(Feb.), pp. 110–132

Ali I (1988) The Punjab under imperialism, 1885–1947. Oxford University Press, DelhiCrossRef

Anwar AA (1953) Effect of partition on industries in the border districts of Lahore and Sialkot, Punjab (Pakistan). Publication No. 105, Board of Economic Inquiry

Banerjee H (1982) Agrarian society of the Punjab, 1849–1901. Manohar Publications, New Delhi

Bhalla GS (1995) Agricultural growth and industrial development in Punjab, pp 67–112. In: Mellor JW (ed) Agriculture on the Road to Industrialization, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

Bharadwaj K (1987) Analytics of agriculture-industry relation. Econ Polit Wkly 22(19, 20 and 21):AN15–AN20

Calvert H (1936) The wealth and welfare of the Punjab, 2nd edn. The Civil and Military Gazette Ltd, The Mall, Lahore

Chitra VR (ed) (1948) Cottage industries of India (Guide book and symposium). Silpi Publication, Madras

Eapen M (2003) Rural industrialisation in kerala: reexamining the issue of rural growth linkages. Working paper no. 348, Centre for Development Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala (India)

Eltis W (1988) The contrasting theories of industrialization of Francois Quesnay and Adam Smith. Oxford Econ Papers 40(2):269–288

GoP (1950) Statistical abstract Punjab, 1947–50. Public Relations Department, Government of Punjab, Research and Reference Division, Punjab

GoP (1952) Punjab: industrial statistics of the Punjab, 1947–48 to 1950–51. Economic and Statistical Advisor to Government, Punjab, Chandigarh

GoP (1968) Statistical abstract Punjab, 1967. Economic Advisor to Government Punjab, Chandigarh

GoP (2013) Statistical abstract Punjab, 2012. Economic Advisor to Government Punjab, Chandigarh

Harriss B (1987a) Regional growth linkages from agriculture. J Dev Stud 23(2):275–289CrossRef

Harriss B (1987b) Regional growth linkages from agriculture and resource flows in non-farm economy. Econ Polit Wkly 22(1/2):31–46

Hirschman AO (1958) The strategy of economic development. Yale University Press, New Haven

Hymer S, Resnick S (1969) A model of an agrarian economy with non-agricultural activities. Am Econ Rev 59(4):493–506

Islam MM (1997) Irrigation, agriculture and the raj: Punjab, 1887–1947. Manohar Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi

Jain V (2008) An inquiry into the growth dynamics of Punjab’s urban unorganised establishments: a labour perspective. Int J Bus Emerg Mark 1(2):171–188CrossRef

Jain V (2010a) Dynamics of insecurity in India’s informal sector: a study of manufacturing in Punjab. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

Jain V (2010b) Wageworkers’ exposure to discrimination and work-related insecurity in Punjab’s urban unorganised establishments: a social class analysis, pp. 339–366, In: Gill SS, Singh L, Marwah R (eds) Economic and environmental sustainability of the Asian region, Routledge (Taylor & Francis), London, NewYork and New Delhi

Kalecki M (1960) Unemployment in underdeveloped countries. Indian J Labour Econ 3(2):59–61

Kuznets S (1968) Towards a theory of economic growth with reflections on the economic growth of nations. Norton, New York

Latifi A (1911) The industrial Punjab: a survey of facts, conditions and possibilities. Longmans, Green & Co., Bombay

Mukherjee M (1985) commercialization and agrarian change in pre-independence Punjab, pp. 51–104. In: Raj KN, Bhattacharya N, Guha S, Padhi S (eds) Essays on the commercialization of Indian agriculture, Oxford University Press, Delhi

Neel Kamal (2007) Punjab industries have new address. The Times of India, Chandigarh October 29

Nurkse R (1961) Patterns of trade and development. Basil Blackwell, Oxford

Paustian PW (1930) Canal irrigation in the Punjab: an economic inquiry relating to certain aspects of the development of canal irrigation by the British in the Punjab. Columbia University Press, New York

Rai SM (1965) Partition of the Punjab. Asia Publications, Delhi

Rangarajan C (1982) Agricultural growth and industrial performance in India. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC

Ranis G, Stewart F (1993) Rural non-agricultural activities in development: theory and application. J Dev Econ 40(1):75–101CrossRef

Saini BS (1975) The social & economic history of the Punjab: 1901–1939 (including Haryana & Himachal Pradesh). ESS Publications, Delhi

Sharma A (2014) Special incentives to neighbouring states may force Punjab industry to flee. Hindustan Times, Punjab Jan 21

Singh L (2005) Deceleration of industrial growth and rural industrialization strategy for Indian Punjab. J Punjab Stud 12(2):271–284

Singh L, Jain V (2007) Growth and dynamics of unorganised industries in Punjab. Int J Bus Glob 1(1):60–87CrossRef

Tewari M (1998) Intersectoral linkages and the role of the state in shaping the conditions of industrial accumulation: a study of Ludhiana’s manufacturing industry. World Dev 26(8):1387–1411CrossRef

Tewari M (1999) Successful adjustment in Indian industry: the case of Ludhiana’s woolen knitwear cluster. World Dev 27(9):1651–1671CrossRef

Thorburn SS (1983) Musalmans and money-lenders in the Punjab. Mittal Publications, Delhi

Vakil CN (1950) Economic consequences of divided india: a study of the economy of India and Pakistan. Vora & Co. Publishers Ltd., Bombay

Wolf L (1969) The green revolution in Punjab: a field trip. Econ Polit Wkly 4(26):A73–A82

Titel: Manufacturing Sector in Punjab: Evolution, Growth Dynamism, Key Concerns and Rejuvenation Strategy
verfasst von: Varinder Jain
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: Economic Transformation of a Developing Economy
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-0196-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-0197-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0197-0_12

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Premium Partner