Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
ATZ-Fachkongress

Chassis.tech plus 2024


4 Kongresse in einer Veranstaltung

Treffen Sie in München die Fachleute von Chassis, Lenkung, Bremsen sowie Reifen/Räder.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
A Fair-Cost Analysis of the Random Neighbor Sampling Method Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Marginalisation and Misperception: Perceiving Gender and Racial Wage Gaps in Ego Networks

verfasst von : Daniel M. Mayerhoffer, Jan Schulz

Erschienen in: Complex Networks & Their Applications X

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

We introduce an agent-based model of localised perceptions of the gender and racial wage gap in Random Geometric Graph type networks that result from economic homophily independent of gender/race. Thereby, agents estimate inequality using a composite signal consisting of local information from their personal neighbourhood and the actual global wage gap. This can replicate the underestimation of the gender or racial wage gap that empirical studies find and the well-documented fact that the underprivileged perceive the wage gap to be higher on average with less bias. Calibration by a recent Israeli sample suggests that women place much more weight on the (correct) global signal than men, in line with the hypothesis that people who are adversely affected by a wage gap listen more carefully to global information about the issue. Hence, (educational) interventions about the global state of gender and racial inequality are promising, especially if they target the privileged.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel Asymmetric Diffusion in a Complex Network: The Presence of Women on Boards
Nächstes Kapitel A Networked Global Economy: The Role of Social Capital in Economic Growth
Fußnoten
1
We opt for this particular approximation because it is symmetric [27] and bounded in \([-2,2]\) and thus more robust against outliers [7]. Our results are not materially sensitive to the specific symmetric approximation of the growth rate and very similar to the more common approximation by log-differences.
 
2
In an interesting complementary perspective, [13] demonstrate that also the actual (gender) inequities we take as given can emerge purely based on interpersonal comparisons based on similarity, much like our local signal for perceptions.
 
3
We selected empirically probable values of g and \(\rho \) for presentation, but the heatmaps for other parameter combinations display similar complexity and non-monotonicity. Indeed, the association between income, diversity and the wage gap is even more discontinuous and non-monotonic, as the rather rugged landscapes for perceptions in all panels suggest. All heatmaps are available upon request.
 
Literatur
1.
Akchurin, M., Lee, C.-S.: Pathways to empowerment: repertoires of women’s activism and gender earnings equality. Am. Sociol. Rev. 78(4), 679–701 (2013)CrossRef
2.
Auspurg, K., Hinz, T., Sauer, C.: Why should women get less? Evidence on the gender pay gap from multifactorial survey experiments. Am. Sociol. Rev. 82(1), 179–210 (2017)CrossRef
3.
Boguná, M., Pastor-Satorras, R., Díaz-Guilera, A., Arenas, A.: Models of social networks based on social distance attachment. Phys. Rev. E 70(5), 056122 (2004)CrossRef
4.
Ceccardi, T.: How do beliefs about the gender wage gap affect the demand for public policy? Differences 2021, 14 (2021)
5.
Choi, G.: Revisiting the redistribution hypothesis with perceived inequality and redistributive preferences. Eur. J. Polit. Econ. 58, 220–244 (2019)CrossRef
6.
7.
Decker, R., Haltiwanger, J., Jarmin, R., Miranda, J.: The role of entrepreneurship in US job creation and economic dynamism. J. Econ. Perspect. 28(3), 3–24 (2014)CrossRef
8.
Epstein, J.M.: Agent-based computational models and generative social science. Complexity 4(5), 41–60 (1999)MathSciNetCrossRef
9.
Furnham, A., Wilson, E.: Gender differences in estimated salaries: a UK study. J. Socio-Econ. 40(5), 623–630 (2011)CrossRef
10.
Grüne-Yanoff, T., Verreault-Julien, P.: How-possibly explanations in economics: anything goes? J. Econ. Methodol. 28(1), 114–123 (2021)CrossRef
11.
Haaland, I., Roth, C.: Beliefs about racial discrimination and support for pro-black policies. Rev. Econ. Stat., 1–38 (2021). In print
12.
Hauser, O.P., Norton, M.I.: (Mis)perceptions of inequality. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 18, 21–25 (2017)CrossRef
13.
Huet, S., Gargiulo, F., Pratto, F.: Can gender inequality be created without inter-group discrimination? PLoS One 15(8), e0236840 (2020)CrossRef
14.
Kraus, M.W., Onyeador, I.N., Daumeyer, N.M., Rucker, J.M., Richeson, J.A.: The misperception of racial economic inequality. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 14(6), 899–921 (2019)CrossRef
15.
Kraus, M.W., Rucker, J.M., Richeson, J.A.: Americans misperceive racial economic equality. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 114(39), 10324–10331 (2017)CrossRef
16.
Mac Carron, P., Kaski, K., Dunbar, R.: Calling Dunbar’s numbers. Soci. Netw. 47, 151–155 (2016)CrossRef
17.
Malul, M.: (Mis)perceptions about the gender gap in the labor market. Forum Soc. Econ. 1–9 (2021). In print
18.
McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., Cook, J.M.: Birds of a feather: homophily in social networks. Ann. Rev. Sociol. 27(1), 415–444 (2001)CrossRef
19.
Newman, M.E.: Random graphs with clustering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(5), 058701 (2009)CrossRef
20.
Newman, M.E., Strogatz, S.H., Watts, D.J.: Random graphs with arbitrary degree distributions and their applications. Phys. Rev. E 64(2), 026118 (2001)CrossRef
21.
Oprea, R.: What makes a rule complex? Am. Econ. Rev. 110(12), 3913–3951 (2020)CrossRef
22.
Pfeifer, C., Stephan, G.: Why women do not ask: gender differences in fairness perceptions of own wages and subsequent wage growth. Camb. J. Econ. 43(2), 295–310 (2019)CrossRef
23.
Schulz, J., Mayerhoffer, D., Gebhard, A.: A network-based explanation of perceived inequality. Bamberger Beiträge zur Modernen Politischen Theorie, vol. 2 (2021)
24.
Shaikh, A., Papanikolaou, N., Wiener, N.: Race, gender and the econophysics of income distribution in the USA. Phys. A: Stat. Mech. Appl. 415, 54–60 (2014)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
25.
Talaga, S., Nowak, A.: Homophily as a process generating social networks: insights from social distance attachment model. J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul. 23(2), 6 (2020)CrossRef
26.
27.
Törnqvist, L., Vartia, P., Vartia, Y.O.: How should relative changes be measured? Am. Stat. 39(1), 43–46 (1985)
28.
Wu, K.: Invisibility of social privilege to those who have it. Acad. Manag. Proc. 2021(1), 10776 (2021)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Marginalisation and Misperception: Perceiving Gender and Racial Wage Gaps in Ego Networks
verfasst von
Daniel M. Mayerhoffer
Jan Schulz
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Buch
Complex Networks & Their Applications X

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-93408-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-93409-5

Copyright-Jahr: 2022

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93409-5_63

Premium Partner

    Bildnachweise