Mathematical Model of the Workflow of a Modern Spark-Ignition Engine Running on Ammonia

Internal combustion engines (ICEs) that use petroleum-based fuels are the most commonly used engine types in vehicles. During the operation of ICEs, a large amount of harmful emissions is generated, which are the leading causes that adversely affect the quality of the environment and human health. Moreover, over-reliance on fossil fuels leads to an imbalance between energy sources (electricity, solar energy, and new energy sources). In this paper, the author presents a method to use Ammonia to replace traditional fuel. Ammonia is one of the most promising carbon-free alternative fuels. High-octane, low-viscosity ammonia protects against detonation and is also an effective hydrogen carrier: 1.5 mol of hydrogen per mole of ammonia. For research purposes, a mathematical model has been built to describe the working process of ICE using Ammonia. The research results show that the feasibility of using alternative fuel Ammonia and the cycle specification of the internal combustion engine is significantly improved.