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Erschienen in:
2005 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
Mechanisms and Models of Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling
verfasst von : R.L. Winslow, R. Hinch, J.L. Greenstein
Erschienen in: Tutorials in Mathematical Biosciences II
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Intracellular calcium (Ca
2+
) concentration plays an important regulatory role in a number of cellular processes. Cellular influx of Ca
2+
activates intracellular signaling pathways that in turn regulate gene expression. Studies have identified over 300 genes and 30 transcription factors which are regulated by intracellular Ca
2+
[1,2]. Fluctuation of intracellular Ca
2+
levels is also known to regulate intracellular metabolism by activation of mitochondrial matrix dehydrogenases. The subsequent effects on the tri-carboxylic acid cycle increase the supply of reducing equivalents (NADH, FADH2), stimulating increased flux of electrons through the respiratory chain [3]. Most importantly, Ca
2+
is a key signaling molecule in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, the process by which electrical activation of the cell is coupled to mechanical contraction and force generation.