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2020 | Buch

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Media and Communications Policy Making

Processes, Dynamics and International Variations

verfasst von: Prof. Robert G. Picard

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Buchreihe : Palgrave Global Media Policy and Business

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This textbook focuses on how media and communications policy is made and what influences its design. It explores the structures and processes in which policymaking takes place worldwide, the factors that determine its forms, influence its elements, and affect its outcomes. It explores how to analyze policy proposals, evaluate policy, and use policy studies approaches to examine policy and policymaking. Truly international in scope, it lays out the variety of political, social, economic, and institutional influences on policy, the roles of industries and policy advocates in the processes, and issues and factors that complicate effective policymaking and skew policy outcomes. This textbook is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Contexts and Means of Policy Making

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction to Media and Communications Policy Studies

Abstract

This chapter introduces the policy and policy making, explores the wide range of public intervention made under media policy, communications policy, information policy and telecommunication policy and the interactions of these approaches with security policy, infrastructure policy, industrial policy, competition policy, intellectual property policy and cultural policy. It delineates the field of media and communications policy studies, explores varying terminology to clarify terms, explains rationales for policy, introduces policy processes and stages and explores how values and norms influence policy and the use of argumentation and policy narratives in policy making.

Robert G. Picard

Chapter 2. Policy-Making Environments and Locales

Abstract

This chapter explains the policy environment and how media and communications policy is made at various levels (global, regional, national, provincial and local) and that the processes and policy tools available in each differ. It presents a model of institutional influences on policy making and how state structures and administrative agencies affect processes and outcomes, how economic and social institutions affect policy making, and the issues of policy capture, state capture and media capture.

Robert G. Picard

Chapter 3. Politics in the Pursuit of Policy Outcomes

Abstract

This chapter examines the politics of policy, how issues arise and are deemed appropriate for consideration, stakeholders involved in promoting policy and their interests, institutions on policy and the role of public opinion, narratives, and frames and policy framework on policy making. It emphasizes the political nature of policy making and its processes.

Robert G. Picard

Chapter 4. Media and Communications Policy Mechanisms and Tools

Abstract

This chapter examines how objectives, choices of mechanisms and tools available to policy makers are used to organize media and communications markets, to regulate behavior and to create operating requirements. It explores the use of incentives, disincentives, standards and regulation and the purposes served by different policy tools. It addresses tools such as tax credits, subsidies, regulation, regulatory exemption, public provision and consumer protective tools.

Robert G. Picard

Three Levels of Policy Making

Frontmatter

Chapter 5. Global Policy Making

Abstract

This chapter explores why and how transnational policy is made, examines structures and processes employed in making transnational policy, describes the roles of bilateral and multinational agreements and treaties, and discusses issues of national sovereignty in international policy making. It examines the policy processes of multinational organizations such as the International Telecommunications Union, World Intellectual Property Organization and World Trade Organization in providing international policy for activities such as telegraph, telephony, wireless, broadcasting, satellite and internet operations and in creating mechanisms to internationalize copyright and govern media and communication trade. It explores nongovernmental global governance and how varying national interests and priorities affect international policy making.

Robert G. Picard

Chapter 6. Regional Policy Making

Abstract

This chapter explores the roles, processes and issues addressed in regional trade agreements and multinational governmental policy making through regional governmental organizations worldwide. It shows that the nature of regional policy making differs depending upon the needs and structure of regional governance and communications systems. The chapter provides a model for analyzing regional policy making and the influences on its processes. It discusses different approaches, such as setting policy frameworks, trade agreements and joint actions for technical cooperation and to support communication infrastructures, and major regional governance initiatives.

Robert G. Picard

Chapter 7. Domestic Policy Making

Abstract

This chapter reveals how media and communications policy is created in differing national environments. It provides a model of influences on domestic media policy that can be applied to both democratic and autocratic countries and to situations where special interests—including business and state interests—exercise unusual influence. The model addresses form of government, strength of state influence on media/communications systems, primary policy rationales, nature of policy consultations and outcome-skewing factors that affect policy. It explores the general processes of domestic policy making in various systems and forms of government, exploring the scope of policy, the primary locations of policymaking, the role of stakeholder interests and the extent to which activist groups can participate in the processes.

Robert G. Picard

Policy Reviews, Advocacy and Future Research

Frontmatter

Chapter 8. Policy Analyses

Abstract

This chapter explores how policy analyses are made in preparing, promoting or analyzing policy options. It explores steps in examining issues, gathers and presents information and presents and examines alternatives and their potential outcomes. It describes the growing emphasis on evidence-based policymaking, the nature of evidence and its implications and how these inform policy-making efforts. It introduces and illustrates various analysis techniques, such as strategic analysis (SWOT analysis, the strategic triangle model, risk analysis and decision trees), environmental analysis (Delphi technique, stakeholder analysis, systems analysis), needs assessment (statistical and qualitative studies, case studies) and outcome analysis (cost-benefit analysis, financial analysis, econometric analysis).

Robert G. Picard

Chapter 9. Policy Evaluation and Policy Examination

Abstract

The chapter focuses on post-implementation evaluation and examination of policy, determining its effectiveness and efficiency and determining whether new policy or modifications to existing policy are necessary. This evaluation assesses the impact of policy and the tools used to implement it. It employs many of the methods used in pre-implementation policy analysis but measures actual performance of the policies against previously relied upon beliefs and projections. The chapter explores learned examination of policy, provides an overview of contemporary policy studies literature and discusses how different methods are employed to undertake such examinations.

Robert G. Picard

Chapter 10. Policy Advocacy

Abstract

This chapter explores the roles and participants in policy advocacy, how advocates participate in policy processes, the development of policy coalitions, networks and social movements, whether media and communication reform advocacy has become a social movement, typical advocacy activities, how and why advocacy fails, challenges faced by scholars engaging in advocacy and ethical issues of advocacy.

Robert G. Picard

Chapter 11. Looking Forward

Abstract

This chapter discusses how policy studies approaches, theories and considerations can affect and improve policy analyses, evaluations and examinations, policy-making processes and policy outcomes. It shows how they can be used to reconceptualize media and communications policy making and improve policy dealing with infrastructures, content, global distribution and trade, organizing internet functionality, controlling of search and aggregation activities, addressing data gathering and personal privacy and pursuing consumer protections in media and communications policy and related policy domains.

Robert G. Picard

Backmatter

Titel: Media and Communications Policy Making
verfasst von: Prof. Robert G. Picard
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-35173-1
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-35172-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35173-1