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2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Mein neuer Teamkollege ist ein Roboter! Wie soziale Roboter die Zukunft der Arbeit verändern können

verfasst von : Sabine T. Koeszegi, Astrid Weiss

Erschienen in: CSR und Künstliche Intelligenz

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Zusammenfassung

In Künstliche-Intelligenz (KI)- und Robotiktechnologien werden aktuell große Erwartungen gesetzt. Während ihr Einsatz in der Vergangenheit vorwiegend auf hochstandardisierte Routinearbeiten in der industriellen Fertigung beschränkt war, übernehmen sie heute – befeuert durch vielversprechende Entwicklungen im Maschinellen Lernen – auch Aufgaben, die bisher qualifizierten Wissensarbeiter_innen vorbehalten war. Diese neuen KI- und Robotiksysteme können autonom agieren, ihre Umwelt und ihren eigenen Zustand wahrnehmen und interpretieren, daraus lernen und ihr Verhalten an ihre Umwelt anpassen. Und wenn sie direkt mit Menschen interagieren, wird ihnen von diesen eine gewisse soziale Handlungsfähigkeit zugeschrieben. Sie werden daher auch – verkürzt und etwas irreführend – „soziale Roboter“ genannt. Bereits heute sind diese Systeme in der Kundenbetreuung, zum Beispiel in Form von Chatbots, im Gesundheitswesen zur Unterstützung bei der Betreuung von alternden Menschen oder in Schulen und Kindergärten zur Unterstützung von Lernprozessen zu finden. Roboter können rund um die Uhr arbeiten und sind – anders als Menschen – nicht anfällig für Fehler, die auf mangelnde Aufmerksamkeit oder Motivation zurückzuführen sind. Diese Eigenschaften lassen sie als attraktive Alternative zu menschlichen Arbeitskräften erscheinen und nähren das vorherrschende Narrativ, dass Roboter den Menschen in Zukunft zur Gänze ersetzen könnten. Eine wichtige Frage für den Einsatz von Technologie ist allerdings, ob dieser – unabhängig von der technischen Realisierbarkeit (Machbarkeit) – auch sinnvoll und gesellschaftlich wünschenswert ist. In diesem Kapitel stellen wir Studien vor, die aktuelle Erfahrungen mit dem Einsatz von autonomen KI- und Robotiksystemen, wie etwa in der industriellen Fertigung, bei Vorstellungsgesprächen, für Konfliktmediation, für Pausenmanagement oder als Assistenzsysteme in der Pflege von Menschen analysieren. Diese Erfahrungen zeigen, dass die Erwartungen an die neuen Technologien zum Teil überzogen sind, nicht nur, weil viele technische Problemstellungen noch nicht gelöst sind, sondern auch, weil die Herausforderungen bei der Integration dieser Technologien in Arbeitsprozesse unterschätzt werden. Wir zeigen auf, wie soziale Roboter die Arbeit in verschiedenen Anwendungsgebieten verändern können und diskutieren Vor- und Nachteile der Integration sozialer Roboter in Arbeitsprozessen.

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Fußnoten
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Metadaten
Titel
Mein neuer Teamkollege ist ein Roboter! Wie soziale Roboter die Zukunft der Arbeit verändern können
verfasst von
Sabine T. Koeszegi
Astrid Weiss
Copyright-Jahr
2021
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63223-9_15

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