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2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

26. Microplastics

A Pelagic Habitat for Microorganisms and Invertebrates

verfasst von : José Antonio Baptista Neto, Christine Gaylarde, Estefan Monteiro da Fonseca

Erschienen in: Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) released into the oceans rapidly become colonized by a wide range of microorganisms and other biota. Phototrophic cells such as cyanobacteria and diatoms are the first to attach, but these are normally overtaken by proteobacteria, prior to the attachment of eukaryotes such as fungi and metazoa. The plastisphere (the ecosystem on the immersed plastic surface) is unique and may be specific to the type of plastic, depending on environmental conditions. Once colonized, the plastic surface is changed and the particles may sink to the benthos, or be carried on ocean currents to other waters, acting as rafts for invasive biota. MPs may be ingested by marine organisms. Cells in the surface biofilm are protected against external factors, partially by their exopolymeric layer (EPS), and transmission between other aquatic compartments may have disastrous effects on the ecosystems. Potentially pathogenic organisms have been detected in the plastisphere by DNA analysis; this has implications for control of human, fish, and coral diseases, but definitive proof is lacking. Bacteria capable of degrading plastics have also been detected; one of these (a PET-degrading species) produces two enzymes controlling this activity. However, no organism capable of rapid and complete degradation has yet been identified. There is limited information on the impact of MPs on invertebrate marine species. More work is necessary to determine the relationships between substrate-associated assemblages on MPs and the impacts on pelagic ecosystems.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Sorption of Potentially Toxic Elements to Microplastics

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Titel: Microplastics
verfasst von: José Antonio Baptista Neto
Christine Gaylarde
Estefan Monteiro da Fonseca
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-39040-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-39041-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39041-9_17