nach oben

Social Indicators Research

Erschienen in:

30.09.2020 | Original Research

Mobility Divergence in China? Complete Comparisons of Social Class Mobility and Income Mobility

verfasst von: Xu Sun, Xiaolu Lei, Baisen Liu

Erschienen in: Social Indicators Research | Ausgabe 2/2021

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Intergenerational social mobility has been of interest to economists and sociologists in recent years. However, with the development of methodologies and applications, it has been found that studying income mobility and class mobility separately often led to some conflicting findings. The class mobility and income mobility of China, a major developing country, has attracted the widespread interest of economists and sociologists from around the world. In this article, we attempt to answer the following questions: Should these divergent findings of intergenerational income and class mobility be regarded as a result of the differing data problems faced by researchers seeking to investigate income and class mobility or as a result of their differing analytical approaches? Is there a significant difference between intergenerational class mobility and income mobility in China? Our own comparative analysis involves measuring the magnitudes and temporal trends of intergenerational class mobility and income mobility. By using China Health and Nutrition Survey data, this paper explicitly tests the differences in the intergenerational associations of the income table and the class table from the “local”, “global”, and “comprehensive” perspectives, and provides smooth estimates of trends of both social class mobility and income mobility. This empirical study demonstrates that there is strong evidence showing that China’s class mobility and income mobility are not consistent in both fluidity levels and trend changes using the same data and same analytical approaches. Furthermore, there is a stronger association between fathers’ class and children’s class than between fathers’ income and children’s income, and the temporal trend of class mobility is more volatile than that of income mobility. This leads us to suggest that, in China, class may in general be a better indicator of socioeconomic status than one-shot measures of current income.

Vorheriger Artikel Educational Resilience Among Asian Children in Challenging Family Environment

Nächster Artikel An Age–Period–Cohort Approach to the Incidence and Evolution of Overeducation and Skills Mismatch

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Jann and Seiler (2014) used an Epanechnikov kernel function with a bandwidth of \(h{ = }5\). Our empirical analysis followed their example.

Affected by Chinese family planning policy starting in the early 1960s, the number of children in the family decreased.

The income in each wave was inflated to the 2006 value of the Yuan.

These results are available from the first author.

Agresti, A. (2002). Categorical data analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.

Altham, P. M., & Ferrie, J. P. (2007). Comparing contingency tables tools for analyzing data from two groups cross-classified by two characteristics. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 40(1), 3–16.

Altham, P. M. E. (1970). The measurement of association of rows and columns for an r × s contingency table. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 32(1), 63–73.

Baker, M., & Solon, G. (2003). Earnings dynamics and inequality among canadian men, 1976–1992: Evidence from longitudinal income tax records. Journal of Labor Exonomics, 21(2), 289–321.

Beller, E., & Hout, M. (2006). Intergenerational social mobility: The united states in comparative perspective. Future of Children, 16(2), 19–36.

Björklund, A., & Jäntti, M. (1997). Intergenerational income mobility in Sweden compared to the United States. American Economic Review, 87(5), 1009–1018.

Björklund, A., & Jäntti, M. (2000). Intergenerational mobility of socio-economic status in comparative perspective. Nordic Journal of Political Economy, 26, 3–32.

Blanden, J., & Gregg, P. (2004). Family income and educational attainment: A review of approaches and evidence for Britain. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 20, 245–263.

Blanden, J., Gregg, P., & Macmillan, L. (2008). Intergenerational persistence in income and social class: the impact of increased inequality. Working Paper 08/195. Centre forMarket and Public Organization, University of Bristol,Bristol.

Blanden, J., Gregg, P., & Macmillan, L. (2013). Intergenerational persistence in income and social class: The effect of within-group inequality. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 176(2), 541–563.

Borjas, G. J. (2004). Food insecurity and public assistance. Journal of Public Economics, 88(7–8), 1421–1443.

Breen, R., Mood, C., & Jonsson, J. (2016). How much scope for a mobility paradox? The relationship between social and income mobility in Sweden. Sociological Science., 3, 39–60.

Bowles, D. (2013). Toward an integrated theory of social stratification. American Journal of Economics & Sociology, 72(1), 32–58.

Chen, M. (2013). Intergenerational mobility in contemporary China. Chinese Sociological Review, 45(4), 29–53.

Chetty, R., Hendren, N., Kline, P., et al. (2014). Where is the land of opportunity? The geography of intergenerational mobility in the United States. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129(4), 1553–1623.

Cox, D. R., Jackson, M., & Lu, S. (2009). On square ordinal contingency tables: A comparison of social class and income mobility for the same individuals. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 172(2), 483–493.

Currie, J., & Yelowitz, A. (2000). Are public housing projects good for kids? Journal of Public Economics, 75(1), 99–124.

Dee, T. S., & Evans, W. N. (2003). Teen drinking and educational attainment: Evidence from two-sample instrumental variables estimates. Journal of Labor Economics, 21(1), 178–209.

Deng, Q., Gustafsson, B., & Shi, L. (2013). Intergenerational income persistence in urban china. Review of Income and Wealth, 59(3), 416–436.

Ding, N., & Wang, Y. (2008). Household income mobility in China and its decomposition. China Economic Review, 19(3), 373–380.

Durkheim, E. (1893). The division of labor in society. New York: Free Press.

Emran, M. S., & Shilpi, F. (2018).Estimating intergenerational mobility with incomplete data: Coresidency and truncation bias in rank-based relative and absolute mobility measures. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 8414.2018.

Emran, S., & Sun, Y. (2011). Magical transition? Intergenerational educational and occupational mobility in rural China: 1988–2002. Working Paper,George Washington University, Washington, DC.

Erikson, R., & Goldthorpe, J. H. (2010). Has social mobility in Britain decreased? Reconciling divergent findings on income and class mobility. The British Journal of Sociology, 61(2), 211–230.

Fan, Y., Yi, J., & Zhang, J. (2013). Intergenerational mobility in China: Patterns and determinants.Working Paper 07/2013.University of Chicago, Chicago.

Gong, H., Leigh, A., & Meng, X. (2012). Intergenerational income mobility in urban China. Review of Income and Wealth, 58(3), 481–503.

Haider, S., & Solon, G. (2006). Life-cycle variation in the association between current and lifetime earnings. American Economic Review, 96(4), 1308–1320.

Ishida, H., & Miwa, S. (2012). Intergenerational mobility and late industrialization. Tokyo: Institute of Social Sciences, University of Tokyo.

Jann, B., & Seiler, S. (2014). A new methodological approach for studying intergenerational mobility with an application to Swiss data. University of Bern Social Sciences Working Papers.

Jantti, M., Bratsberg, B., Roed, K., et al. (2006). American exceptionalism in a new light: A comparison of intergenerational earnings mobility in the Nordic countries, the United Kingdom and the United States. IZA Discussion Paper, No. 1938.2006

Kerbo, H. R. (2000). Social stratification and inequality: Class conflict in historical, comparative, and global perspective (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Long, J., & Ferrie, J. (2013). Intergenerational occupational mobility in Great Britain and the United States since 1850: reply. American Economic Review, 103(5), 2003–2020.

Li, L., & Zhu, B. (2015). Changes in the pattern of intergenerational mobility in contemporary China. Social Sciences in China, 5, 14–14.

Li, Y., Zhang, S., & Kong, J. (2015). Social mobility in china and Britain: A comparative study. International Review of Social Research, 5(1), 20–34.

Li, Z., Liu, L., & Wang, M. (2014). Intergenerational income mobility and public education spending: Evidence from China. Children & Youth Services Review, 40(3), 89–97.

Marx, K. (1885). Capital (Vol. II). New York: Vintage Books.

Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1848). Manifesto of the communist party. New York City: New York Labor News Co.

Nee, V. (1996). The emergence of a market society: Changing mechanisms of stratification in China. American Journal of Sociology, 101(4), 908–949.

Nicoletti, C., & Ermisch, J. F. (2008). Intergenerational earnings mobility: Changes across cohorts in Britain. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 7(2), 259–277.

Solon, G. (1989). Biases in the estimation of intergenerational earnings correlations. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 71(1), 172–174.

Solon, G. (1992). Intergenerational income mobility in the United States. American Economic Review, 82, 393–408.

Takenoshita, H. (2007). Intergenerational mobility in East Asian countries: A comparative study of Japan, Korea and China. International Journal of Japanese Sociology, 16(1), 64–79.

Theil, H. (1970). On the estimation of relationships involving qualitative variables. American Journal Sociology, 76(1), 103–154.

Weber, M. (1921). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Yuan, W. (2017). The sins of the fathers: Intergenerational income mobility in China. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 63(2), 219–233.

Yuan, Z., & Lin, C. (2013). The trend and mechanism of intergenerational income mobility in China: An analysis from the perspective of human capital, social capital and wealth. World Economy, 36(36), 880–898.

Zhou, X., & Wang, F. (2014). A comparative study of the intergenerational income mobility between the urban and rural china. Population Journal, 02, 64–73.

Zhou, X., & Xie, Y. (2015). Market transition, industrialization, and social mobility trends in post-revolution China. PSC Research Report, No. 15-838.

Titel: Mobility Divergence in China? Complete Comparisons of Social Class Mobility and Income Mobility
verfasst von: Xu Sun
Xiaolu Lei
Baisen Liu
Publikationsdatum: 30.09.2020
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Social Indicators Research / Ausgabe 2/2021
Print ISSN: 0303-8300
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0921
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02501-w

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2021

Perceived Justifiability Towards Morally Debatable Behaviors Across Europe

An Age–Period–Cohort Approach to the Incidence and Evolution of Overeducation and Skills Mismatch

Correction to: An Age–Period–Cohort Approach to the Incidence and Evolution of Overeducation and Skills Mismatch

A Bootstrapping Assessment on A U.S. Education Indicator Construction Through Multiple Imputation

Security Perception and People Well-Being

Estimating Household Consumption Expenditure at Local Level In Italy: The Potential of the Cokriging Spatial Predictor

Premium Partner