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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Modelling Electrical Stimulation of Tissue

verfasst von : Socrates Dokos

Erschienen in: Modelling Organs, Tissues, Cells and Devices

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

This chapter describes the theory and techniques for modelling the electrical activity of excitable cells and tissues, along with their electrical simulation, using COMSOL. It begins with a summary of Maxwell’s equations, before moving on to electrostatics and volume conductor theory. Examples in COMSOL are presented for designing an optimal electric field stimulator for cell cultures in a Petri dish, as well as determining the current density and access resistance of an isopotential disc electrode in an infinite medium. The chapter then proceeds to cover continuum models of excitable tissues such as nerve and muscle and their electrical stimulation, expressed as classical bidomain and monodomain formulations. Examples in COMSOL are presented for modelling reentrant spiral waves in a slab of cardiac tissue and a propagating action potential in a nerve axon embedded in a nerve bundle stimulated by extracellular cuff electrodes.

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Fußnoten
1
James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), Scottish mathematical physicist whose contributions to physics, along with those of Einstein and Newton, are regarded as greatest in the history of science.
 
2
The relationship between \(\mathbf {D}\) and \(\mathbf {E}\) is known as the electric constitutive relation of the material.
 
3
COMSOL provides the electrostatics module under its AC/DC physics application interface to solve such formulations. Equation 6.10 is specifically implemented using COMSOL’s charge conservation domain setting in the electrostatics module.
 
4
The subsequent analysis may also be generalised to lower dimensions.
 
5
Named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1789–1854).
 
6
French physicist Claude Pouillet (1790–1868).
 
7
Available in the AC/DC module. Infinite domains are implemented by applying a coordinate transformation within the domain such that the transformed coordinate tends to infinity on the appropriate boundary, whilst the spatial coordinate remains finite.
 
8
Using a MacBook Air 2013 with 8GB RAM and OS X 10.8.5, it took 47 s to solve this model.
 
9
Using a MacBook Air 2013 with 8GB RAM and OS X 10.8.5, it took 4 min, 23 s to solve this model.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Aidley DJ (1978) The physiology of excitable cells, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Aidley DJ (1978) The physiology of excitable cells, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Barnes FS, Greenebaum B (eds) (2007) Handbook of biological effects of electromagnetic fields: bioengineering and biophysical aspects of electromagnetic fields, 3rd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton Barnes FS, Greenebaum B (eds) (2007) Handbook of biological effects of electromagnetic fields: bioengineering and biophysical aspects of electromagnetic fields, 3rd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Fleisch D (2008) A student’s guide to Maxwell’s equations. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRefMATH Fleisch D (2008) A student’s guide to Maxwell’s equations. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRefMATH
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Hille B (2001) Ion channels of excitable membranes, 3rd edn. Sinauer, Sunderland Hille B (2001) Ion channels of excitable membranes, 3rd edn. Sinauer, Sunderland
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Malmivuo J, Plonsey R (1995) Bioelectromagnetism: principles and applications of bioelectric and biomagnetic fields. Oxford University Press, Oxford Malmivuo J, Plonsey R (1995) Bioelectromagnetism: principles and applications of bioelectric and biomagnetic fields. Oxford University Press, Oxford
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Plonsey R, Barr RC (2007) Bioelectricity: a quantitative approach. Springer, New YorkMATH Plonsey R, Barr RC (2007) Bioelectricity: a quantitative approach. Springer, New YorkMATH
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Pryor RW (2011) Multiphysics modeling using COMSOL: a first principles approach. Jones and Bartlett, Sudbury Pryor RW (2011) Multiphysics modeling using COMSOL: a first principles approach. Jones and Bartlett, Sudbury
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Rogers JM, McCulloch AD (1994) A collocation-Galerkin finite element model of cardiac action potential propagation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 41:743–757CrossRef Rogers JM, McCulloch AD (1994) A collocation-Galerkin finite element model of cardiac action potential propagation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 41:743–757CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Modelling Electrical Stimulation of Tissue
verfasst von
Socrates Dokos
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54801-7_6

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