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2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Multistage Skarn-Related Tourmalines from the Galinge Deposit: A Significant Indicator for Varying Fluid Composition

verfasst von : Dr. Miao Yu

Erschienen in: Metallogenic Mechanism of the Galinge Polymetallic Iron Skarn Deposit, Qiman Tagh Mountains, Qinghai Province

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

The Galinge skarn deposit, the largest iron polymetallic skarn deposit in the Qiman Tagh metallogenic belt (western China), was formed via multi-stage fluid-rock interactions. It is divided into six ore domains from east to the west. Skarn-related tourmaline is ubiquitous in the V ore domain of the Galinge deposit, occurring both in the altered basaltic andesite (Tour-I) and in the sandstone (Tour-II). The tourmaline composition in both rock types is within the dravite–uvite solid solution. Some Tour-I crystals show compositional growth zoning in which the early stage uvite cores (Gen-1) are overgrown by second-stage dravite rims (Gen-2). Some Tour-I crystals also show overgrowth rims and fracture-infilled textures (Gen-3). Some other Tour-1 tourmalines without clear growth zoning (Others) show an intermediate composition between Gen-2 and Gen-3.The varying composition of the zoned tourmalines records important information about the evolving hydrothermal fluids and host rocks. Gen-1 and Gen-2, displaying a narrow and high range of Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺ + Mg) ratios, are much more equilibrated with mafic host rocks. The alkaline (K + Na) content of tourmalines is associated with the salinities of the ore-forming fluids. The lowest Na t K content of Gen-3 indicates that it may have been equilibrated with a low-salinity fluid environment in which the concentration of metal-chlorite complexes decreased. The Gen-3 stage is considered to be the main ore-forming event. Tour-II have similar Ca/(K + Na + Ca) ratios with Gen-1 and Gen-2 ratios, which indicates that they are contemporarily formed by the same fluid as Tour-I. Through compositional comparison of the tourmalines with those from other hydrothermal deposit types, the Galinge skarn-related tourmalines are overwhelmingly controlled by the MgFe-1 substitution mechanism. This is different from the compositions of tourmalines in porphyry, VMS, and vein-greisen type deposits, which are, respectively, controlled by the Fe³⁺Al_-1, (Ca Mg)(Na Al)_–1 and (Na Mg)(□Al)_-1, and (Fe²⁺Fe³⁺)(MgAl)_-1 substitution mechanisms. Different tourmaline compositions and substitution mechanisms could be used as guides for mineral exploration.

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Titel: Multistage Skarn-Related Tourmalines from the Galinge Deposit: A Significant Indicator for Varying Fluid Composition
verfasst von: Dr. Miao Yu
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: Metallogenic Mechanism of the Galinge Polymetallic Iron Skarn Deposit, Qiman Tagh Mountains, Qinghai Province
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7906-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-10-7907-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7907-8_4

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