Skip to main content

2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Muscle Computer Interface: A Review

verfasst von : Anirban Chowdhury, Rithvik Ramadas, Sougata Karmakar

Erschienen in: ICoRD'13

Verlag: Springer India

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

A new kind of human computer interface using electrical activity of muscles, known as Muscle computer Interface (muCI) has been developed by researchers. With an intention of unfolding current status of muCIs, original research articles, review articles, reports, books, news etc. from authentic printed and online sources involving different search engines and libraries have been searched and critically studied by authors of present paper. This review has successfully highlighted developments of different sEMG based interfaces such as hand movement/gesture recognition interfaces, facial gesture recognition interfaces, myoelectric prosthetic arms, muscle fatigue analysis and other sort of interfaces. It has also covered the comparison between muCI and BCI, methodologies used for signal classification for muCI and the various shortcomings of the current muCIs. As muCI is still at its initial stages of development, it has been envisaged by the authors that present paper would help researchers to explore new ideas in emerging areas of muCI’s.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahsan MR, Ibrahimy MI, Othman O (2009) EMG signal classification for human computer interaction: a review. Eur J Sci Res 33:480–501 Ahsan MR, Ibrahimy MI, Othman O (2009) EMG signal classification for human computer interaction: a review. Eur J Sci Res 33:480–501
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Veron S, Joshi SS (2011) Multidimensional control using a mobile phone based brain-muscle computer interface. EMBS IEEE, pp 5188–5194 Veron S, Joshi SS (2011) Multidimensional control using a mobile phone based brain-muscle computer interface. EMBS IEEE, pp 5188–5194
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Veron S, Joshi SS (2011) Brain-muscle computer interface: mobile phone prototype development and testing. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed 15:531–538CrossRef Veron S, Joshi SS (2011) Brain-muscle computer interface: mobile phone prototype development and testing. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed 15:531–538CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Crary MA, Carnaby GD, Groher ME, Helseth E (2004) Functional benefits of dysphagia therapy using adjunctive S-EMG biofeedback. Dysphagia 19:160–164 Crary MA, Carnaby GD, Groher ME, Helseth E (2004) Functional benefits of dysphagia therapy using adjunctive S-EMG biofeedback. Dysphagia 19:160–164
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Disselhorst-Klug C, Schmitz-Rode T, Rau G (2009) Surface electromyography and muscle force: limits in s-EMG-force relationship and new approaches for applications. Clin Biomech 24:225–235CrossRef Disselhorst-Klug C, Schmitz-Rode T, Rau G (2009) Surface electromyography and muscle force: limits in s-EMG-force relationship and new approaches for applications. Clin Biomech 24:225–235CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Park E, Meek SG (1995) Adaptive filtering of the electromyographic signal for prosthetic control and force estimation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 42:1048–1052CrossRef Park E, Meek SG (1995) Adaptive filtering of the electromyographic signal for prosthetic control and force estimation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 42:1048–1052CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Zecca M, Micera S, Carrozza MC, Dario P (2002) On the control of multifunctional prosthetic hands by processing the electromyographic signal. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 30:459–485CrossRef Zecca M, Micera S, Carrozza MC, Dario P (2002) On the control of multifunctional prosthetic hands by processing the electromyographic signal. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 30:459–485CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonzalez IM, Malanda A, Gorostiaga E, Izquierdo M (2012) Electromyographic models to assess muscle fatigue. J Electromyogr Kinesology 22:501–512CrossRef Gonzalez IM, Malanda A, Gorostiaga E, Izquierdo M (2012) Electromyographic models to assess muscle fatigue. J Electromyogr Kinesology 22:501–512CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh VP, Kumar DK, Polus B, Fraser S (2007) Strategies to identify changes in SEMG due to muscle fatigue during cycling. J Med Eng Technol 31:144–151CrossRef Singh VP, Kumar DK, Polus B, Fraser S (2007) Strategies to identify changes in SEMG due to muscle fatigue during cycling. J Med Eng Technol 31:144–151CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Subasi A, Kiymik MK (2010) Muscle fatigue detection in EMG using time frequency methods, ICA and neural network. J Med Syst 34:777–785CrossRef Subasi A, Kiymik MK (2010) Muscle fatigue detection in EMG using time frequency methods, ICA and neural network. J Med Syst 34:777–785CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Chiang J, Wang ZJ, McKeown MJ (2008) A hidden markov, multivariate autoregressive(HMM-mAR) network framework for analysis of EMG (s-EMG) data. IEEE Trans Signal Process 56:4069–4081MathSciNetCrossRef Chiang J, Wang ZJ, McKeown MJ (2008) A hidden markov, multivariate autoregressive(HMM-mAR) network framework for analysis of EMG (s-EMG) data. IEEE Trans Signal Process 56:4069–4081MathSciNetCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat El-Daydamony EM, El-Gayar M, Abou-Chadi F (2008) A computerized system for SEMG signals analysis and classification. In: National radio science conference (NRSC 2008), pp 1–7 El-Daydamony EM, El-Gayar M, Abou-Chadi F (2008) A computerized system for SEMG signals analysis and classification. In: National radio science conference (NRSC 2008), pp 1–7
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Hargrove LJ, Englehart K, Hudgins B (2007) A comparison of surface and intramuscular myoelectric signal classification. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 54:847–853CrossRef Hargrove LJ, Englehart K, Hudgins B (2007) A comparison of surface and intramuscular myoelectric signal classification. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 54:847–853CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Khezri M, Jahed M (2007) Real time intelligent pattern recognition algorithm for surface EMG signals. EMBS 6:45 Khezri M, Jahed M (2007) Real time intelligent pattern recognition algorithm for surface EMG signals. EMBS 6:45
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim J, Mastnik S, André E (2008) EMG-based hand gesture recognition for real-time biosignal interfacing. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on intelligent user interfaces, pp 30–39 Kim J, Mastnik S, André E (2008) EMG-based hand gesture recognition for real-time biosignal interfacing. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on intelligent user interfaces, pp 30–39
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Morris D, Saponas TS, Tan D (2010) Emerging input technologies for always-available mobile interaction. Found Trends Hum Comput Inter 4:245–316CrossRef Morris D, Saponas TS, Tan D (2010) Emerging input technologies for always-available mobile interaction. Found Trends Hum Comput Inter 4:245–316CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Naik GR, Kumar DK, Palaniswami M (2008) Multi run ICA and surface EMG based signal processing system for recognizing hand gestures. 8th IEEE international conference on computer and information technology (CIT 2008), pp 700–705 Naik GR, Kumar DK, Palaniswami M (2008) Multi run ICA and surface EMG based signal processing system for recognizing hand gestures. 8th IEEE international conference on computer and information technology (CIT 2008), pp 700–705
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Nan B, Hamamoto T, Tsuji T, Fukuda O (2004) FPGA implementation of a probabilistic neural network for a bioelectric human interface. In: The 47th midwest symposium on circuits and systems (MWSCAS ‘04), vol 3, pp 29–32 Nan B, Hamamoto T, Tsuji T, Fukuda O (2004) FPGA implementation of a probabilistic neural network for a bioelectric human interface. In: The 47th midwest symposium on circuits and systems (MWSCAS ‘04), vol 3, pp 29–32
19.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Neill PA, Morin EL, Scott RN (1994) Myoelectric signal characteristics from muscles in residual upper limbs. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 2:266–270CrossRef O’Neill PA, Morin EL, Scott RN (1994) Myoelectric signal characteristics from muscles in residual upper limbs. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 2:266–270CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang X, Liu Y, Liu C, Poon W (2011) Classification of hand motion using surface EMG signals. Biologically Inspired Robotics, CRC Press Tang X, Liu Y, Liu C, Poon W (2011) Classification of hand motion using surface EMG signals. Biologically Inspired Robotics, CRC Press
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsenov G, Zeghbib AH, Palis F, Shoylev N, Mladenov V (2006) Neural networks for online classification of hand and finger movements using surface EMG signals. In: 8th seminar on neural network applications in electrical engineering (NEUREL), pp 167–171 Tsenov G, Zeghbib AH, Palis F, Shoylev N, Mladenov V (2006) Neural networks for online classification of hand and finger movements using surface EMG signals. In: 8th seminar on neural network applications in electrical engineering (NEUREL), pp 167–171
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Xiong FQ, Shwedyk E (1987) Some aspects of nonstationary myoelectric signal processing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 34:166–172CrossRef Xiong FQ, Shwedyk E (1987) Some aspects of nonstationary myoelectric signal processing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 34:166–172CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Naik GR, Kumar DK, Palaniswami M (2007) Real time hand gesture identification for human computer interaction based on the ICA of surface electromyogram. In: Proceedings of the HCSNet workshop on use of vision in human-computer interaction, vol 56, pp 67–72 Naik GR, Kumar DK, Palaniswami M (2007) Real time hand gesture identification for human computer interaction based on the ICA of surface electromyogram. In: Proceedings of the HCSNet workshop on use of vision in human-computer interaction, vol 56, pp 67–72
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Belluco P, Bordegoni M, Cugini U (2011) A techinque based on muscular activation for interacting with virtual environments, vol 1. ASME 2011 world conference on innovative virtual reality, pp 315–324 Belluco P, Bordegoni M, Cugini U (2011) A techinque based on muscular activation for interacting with virtual environments, vol 1. ASME 2011 world conference on innovative virtual reality, pp 315–324
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Farid M, Keyvan HZ (2006) A method for online estimation of human arm dynamics. In: 28th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society (EMBS ‘06.), pp 2412–2416 Farid M, Keyvan HZ (2006) A method for online estimation of human arm dynamics. In: 28th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society (EMBS ‘06.), pp 2412–2416
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Kyberd PJ, Holland OE, Chappel PH, Smith S, Tregdigo R, Bagwell PJ, Snaith M (1995) Marcus: a two degree of freedom hand prosthesis with hierarchical grip control. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 3:70–76CrossRef Kyberd PJ, Holland OE, Chappel PH, Smith S, Tregdigo R, Bagwell PJ, Snaith M (1995) Marcus: a two degree of freedom hand prosthesis with hierarchical grip control. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 3:70–76CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Scott RN, Parker PA (1988) Myoelectric prostheses: state of the art. J Med Eng Technol 12:143–151CrossRef Scott RN, Parker PA (1988) Myoelectric prostheses: state of the art. J Med Eng Technol 12:143–151CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Saponas TS, Tan TS, Morris D, Balakrishnan R (2008) Demonstrating the feasibility of using forearm electromyography for muscle computer interfaces. In: Proceedings of the 26th annual SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp 515–524 Saponas TS, Tan TS, Morris D, Balakrishnan R (2008) Demonstrating the feasibility of using forearm electromyography for muscle computer interfaces. In: Proceedings of the 26th annual SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp 515–524
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Saponas TS, Tan DS, Morris D, Balakrishnan R, Turner J, Landay JA (2009) Enabling always available input with muCI’s. In: Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on user interface software and technology, pp 167–176 Saponas TS, Tan DS, Morris D, Balakrishnan R, Turner J, Landay JA (2009) Enabling always available input with muCI’s. In: Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on user interface software and technology, pp 167–176
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Saponas TS, Tan DS, Morris D, Balakrishnan R, Turner J, Landay JA (2010) Making muCI’s more practical. Proceedings of the 28th international conference on human factors in computing systems, pp 851–854 Saponas TS, Tan DS, Morris D, Balakrishnan R, Turner J, Landay JA (2010) Making muCI’s more practical. Proceedings of the 28th international conference on human factors in computing systems, pp 851–854
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Chu JU, Moon I, Moon MS (2005) A real time EMG pattern recognition system based on linear-non linear feature projection for a multifunctional myoelectric hand. In: Proceedings of 9th international conference on rehabilitation robotics IEEE, vol 53. pp 2232–2239 Chu JU, Moon I, Moon MS (2005) A real time EMG pattern recognition system based on linear-non linear feature projection for a multifunctional myoelectric hand. In: Proceedings of 9th international conference on rehabilitation robotics IEEE, vol 53. pp 2232–2239
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Farry KA, Walker ID, Baraniuk RG (1996) Myoelectric teleoperation of a complex robotic hand. IEEE Trans Rob Autom 12:775–788CrossRef Farry KA, Walker ID, Baraniuk RG (1996) Myoelectric teleoperation of a complex robotic hand. IEEE Trans Rob Autom 12:775–788CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen X, Zhang X, Zhao ZY, Yang JH, Lantz V, Wang KQ (2007) Hand gesture recognition research based on surface EMG sensors and 2D-accelerometers. In: 11th IEEE international symposium on wearable computers, pp 11–14 Chen X, Zhang X, Zhao ZY, Yang JH, Lantz V, Wang KQ (2007) Hand gesture recognition research based on surface EMG sensors and 2D-accelerometers. In: 11th IEEE international symposium on wearable computers, pp 11–14
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Naik GR, Kumar DK, Weghorn H (2007) Performance comparison of ICA algorithms for isometric hand gesture identification using surface EMG intelligent sensors. In: 3rd international conference on sensor networks and information (ISSNIP 2007), pp 613–618 Naik GR, Kumar DK, Weghorn H (2007) Performance comparison of ICA algorithms for isometric hand gesture identification using surface EMG intelligent sensors. In: 3rd international conference on sensor networks and information (ISSNIP 2007), pp 613–618
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Seregni L (2010) ERACLE wearable EMG gesture recognition system. Masters thesis, department of electrical and computer science engineering, Politecnico, Milano Seregni L (2010) ERACLE wearable EMG gesture recognition system. Masters thesis, department of electrical and computer science engineering, Politecnico, Milano
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Wheeler KR (2003) Device control using gestures sensed from EMG. In: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE international workshop on soft computing in industrial applications, SMCia/03, pp 21–26 Wheeler KR (2003) Device control using gestures sensed from EMG. In: Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE international workshop on soft computing in industrial applications, SMCia/03, pp 21–26
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Xiang C, Lantz V, Qiao WK, Yan ZZ, Xu Z, Hai JH (2009) Feasibility of building robust surface electromyography based hand gesture interfaces. Eng Medicine Biol Soc 2983–2986 Xiang C, Lantz V, Qiao WK, Yan ZZ, Xu Z, Hai JH (2009) Feasibility of building robust surface electromyography based hand gesture interfaces. Eng Medicine Biol Soc 2983–2986
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Khezri M, Jahed M (2007) A novel approach to recognize hand movements via sEMG patterns. EMBS, pp 4907–4910 Khezri M, Jahed M (2007) A novel approach to recognize hand movements via sEMG patterns. EMBS, pp 4907–4910
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Nagata K, Ando K, Magatani K, Yamada M (2007) Development of the hand motion recognition system based on surface EMG using suitable measurement channels for pattern recognition. EMBS, pp 5214–5217 Nagata K, Ando K, Magatani K, Yamada M (2007) Development of the hand motion recognition system based on surface EMG using suitable measurement channels for pattern recognition. EMBS, pp 5214–5217
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Huan CN, Chen CH, Chung HY (2006) Application of facial electromyography in computer mouse access for people with disabilities. Disabil Rehabil 28:231–237CrossRef Huan CN, Chen CH, Chung HY (2006) Application of facial electromyography in computer mouse access for people with disabilities. Disabil Rehabil 28:231–237CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Peper E, Wilson VS, Gibney KH, Huber K, Harvey R, Shumay DM (2003) The integration of electromyography (SEMG) at the workstation: assessment, treatment, and prevention of repetitive strain injury (RSI). Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 28:167–182CrossRef Peper E, Wilson VS, Gibney KH, Huber K, Harvey R, Shumay DM (2003) The integration of electromyography (SEMG) at the workstation: assessment, treatment, and prevention of repetitive strain injury (RSI). Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 28:167–182CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Sbriccoli P, Felici F, Rosponi A, Aliotta A, Castellano V, Mazza C, Bernardi M, Marchetti M (2001) Exercise induced muscle damage and recovery assessed by means of linear and non-linear sEMG analysis and ultrasonography. J Electromyogr Kinesology 11:73–83CrossRef Sbriccoli P, Felici F, Rosponi A, Aliotta A, Castellano V, Mazza C, Bernardi M, Marchetti M (2001) Exercise induced muscle damage and recovery assessed by means of linear and non-linear sEMG analysis and ultrasonography. J Electromyogr Kinesology 11:73–83CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Hogrel JY, Duchêne J, Marini JF (1998) Variability of some SEMG parameter estimates with electrode location. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 8:305–315CrossRef Hogrel JY, Duchêne J, Marini JF (1998) Variability of some SEMG parameter estimates with electrode location. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 8:305–315CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Putnam W, Knapp RB (1993) Real-time computer control using pattern recognition of the electromyogram. In: Proceedings of the 15th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society, pp 1236–1237 Putnam W, Knapp RB (1993) Real-time computer control using pattern recognition of the electromyogram. In: Proceedings of the 15th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society, pp 1236–1237
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenberg R (1998) The biofeedback pointer: EMG control of a two dimensional pointer, wearable computers. In: Second international symposium on digest of papers, pp 162–163 Rosenberg R (1998) The biofeedback pointer: EMG control of a two dimensional pointer, wearable computers. In: Second international symposium on digest of papers, pp 162–163
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Jung KK, Kim JW, Lee HK, Chung SB, Eom KH (2007) EMG pattern classification using spectral estimation and neural network. SICE annual conference, pp 1108–1111 Jung KK, Kim JW, Lee HK, Chung SB, Eom KH (2007) EMG pattern classification using spectral estimation and neural network. SICE annual conference, pp 1108–1111
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Itou T, Terao M, Nagata J, Yoshida M (2001) Mouse cursor control system using EMG. In: Proceedings of the 23rd annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society, vol 2, pp 1368–1369 Itou T, Terao M, Nagata J, Yoshida M (2001) Mouse cursor control system using EMG. In: Proceedings of the 23rd annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society, vol 2, pp 1368–1369
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsuji T, Ichinobe H, Fukuda O, Kaneko M (1995) A maximum likelihood neural network based on a log-linearized gaussian mixture model. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on neural networks, pp 2479–2484 Tsuji T, Ichinobe H, Fukuda O, Kaneko M (1995) A maximum likelihood neural network based on a log-linearized gaussian mixture model. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on neural networks, pp 2479–2484
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Fukuda O, Tsuji T, Kaneko M (1999) An EMG controlled pointing device using a neural network systems. In: IEEE international conference on man, and cybernetics (IEEE SMC ‘99 conference proceedings), vol 4, pp 63–68 Fukuda O, Tsuji T, Kaneko M (1999) An EMG controlled pointing device using a neural network systems. In: IEEE international conference on man, and cybernetics (IEEE SMC ‘99 conference proceedings), vol 4, pp 63–68
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsuji T, Bu N, Fukuda O, Kaneko M (2003) A recurrent log-linearized gaussian mixture network. IEEE Trans Neural Network 14:304–316CrossRef Tsuji T, Bu N, Fukuda O, Kaneko M (2003) A recurrent log-linearized gaussian mixture network. IEEE Trans Neural Network 14:304–316CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Fukuda O, Arita J, Tsuji T (2004) An EMG-controlled omnidirectional pointing device using a HMM-based neural network. In: Proceedings of the international joint conference on neural networks, vol 4, pp 3195–3200 Fukuda O, Arita J, Tsuji T (2004) An EMG-controlled omnidirectional pointing device using a HMM-based neural network. In: Proceedings of the international joint conference on neural networks, vol 4, pp 3195–3200
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JS, Jeong H, Son W (2004) A new means of HCI: EMG-MOUSE, systems. In: IEEE international conference on man and cybernetics, vol 1, pp 100–104 Kim JS, Jeong H, Son W (2004) A new means of HCI: EMG-MOUSE, systems. In: IEEE international conference on man and cybernetics, vol 1, pp 100–104
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Chan A, Kevin B (2005) Continuous myoelectric control for powered protheses using hidden markov models. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 52:123–134CrossRef Chan A, Kevin B (2005) Continuous myoelectric control for powered protheses using hidden markov models. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 52:123–134CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Carrozza M, Micera S, Massa B, Zecca M, Lazzarini R, Canelli N, Dario P (2001) The development of a novel biomechatronic hand-ongoing research and preliminary results. Adv Intell Mechatron AIM 1:249–254 Carrozza M, Micera S, Massa B, Zecca M, Lazzarini R, Canelli N, Dario P (2001) The development of a novel biomechatronic hand-ongoing research and preliminary results. Adv Intell Mechatron AIM 1:249–254
Metadaten
Titel
Muscle Computer Interface: A Review
verfasst von
Anirban Chowdhury
Rithvik Ramadas
Sougata Karmakar
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer India
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1050-4_33

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.