Nano-Fe₃O₄ deposited CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites with enhanced dielectric properties

In this paper, calcium copper tianate (CCTO) ceramics were prepared by a sol–gel technology, then Fe₃O₄-deposited CCTO hybrid particles (CCTO@Fe₃O₄) and corresponding CCTO@Fe₃O₄/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites were also prepared. Transmission electron microscope image shows that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with a certain degree of agglomeration deposited on the surface of CCTO powders. The high dielectric permittivity (115.8), low dielectric loss (0.48) and low conductivity (3.47 × 10⁻⁷ S/m) at 100 Hz were simultaneously achieved when the content of CCTO@Fe₃O₄ was 40 vol%. The electric modulus formalism indicated that the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles could effectively enhance the interfacial polarization of the CCTO@Fe₃O₄/PVDF composites. Moreover, the structure of the CCTO@Fe₃O₄ particles effectively suppressed the formation of conducting path in PVDF matrix, resulting in a high dielectric permittivity, a low dielectric loss and a low conductivity of the composite. All the above-mentioned properties are beneficial for the use of these composites in the electronics industry, for applications such as printed circuit boards.